A Moral and Legal Obligation

The Commission on Preservation and Access and the Research Libraries Group (both US organizations) created a task force to study the requirements for preserving digital information. The report, published in May 1996, recommends a certification process for digital archives and calls for a legal authority to rescue digital files in danger of being lost. The paper reviews the reactions of the library, archival, and educational communities and describes the current actions being taken.     

Digital Scholarship Librarian: What Skills and Competences are Needed to be a Collaborative Librarian

Recently a partnership between digital humanities and digital libraries is being forged, coagulating in a demand for digital humanities centers within academic libraries and an increase in the call for “Digital Scholarship Librarians.” What skills and competences are necessary for librarians to fulfill this new role? and What training allows them to develop these skills? The paper examines the collaborative role of the digital scholarship librarian, what this new role entails and what it means to bring the two areas of practice together. After examining current literature and job applications surrounding this role, the skills needed to fill this role are identified in a case study of a digital humanities project which operated on the collaborative model with digital librarians, together making use of digital methods to answer questions specific to its field. The final section proposes a training agenda by matching current opportunities with the new skill which librarians interested in digital scholarship need to develop.     

Building preservation functionality in a digital archive: the National Library of The Netherlands

An increasing volume of information exists only in digital form. It can be scanned material; material actually created as digital publications; or material created as part of the day‐to‐day business of an organization. In The Netherlands, initiatives such as the ‘Memory of The Netherlands’ have emerged, creating a demand for good‐quality digital materials to support them. Many other digitization initiatives are constantly being announced. The digital form offers many advantages but presents challenges in respect of preservation and of changes in platforms and software.     

基于数字中台构建科技期刊一体化学术服务平台的战略研究与实践

我们结合互联网行业对于中台应用以及中华医学会杂志社近些年数字中台建设实践,提出中台战略思维是学术期刊集群化平台建设路径的一次升华和跃迁。通过顶层设计,合理布局组织架构,将数据、业务、知识等基础服务进行抽象、沉淀,是出版机构科技期刊集约化发展的一个重要方向。建设数字中台是科技期刊出版资源整合和有效利用的重要模式;可降低出版机构数据建设和应用系统研发成本,提高知识服务转化效率;有利于激活出版数据商业价值,赋能科技出版的运营与决策;有助于改造科技期刊出版业务流程,实现从经验驱动型向大数据驱动型转变。目前数字中台的建设还存在诸如中台认知问题、数据标准化问题、技术与业务融合问题等各种挑战,但我们相信基于数字中台的一体化学术出版平台将为中国科技期刊数字出版注入新的势能,引领和推动中国科技期刊的快速转型升级。     

The impact of legacy systems on digital transformation in European public administration: Lesson learned from a multi case analysis

Legacy systems have continued to pose a major challenge to digital transformation efforts in public administration. A comprehensive review of literature suggests seven levels of complexity in transforming legacy systems, including, being a stand-alone system, being part of a larger system, and data incompatibility, each depicting unique criteria and challenges. Nonetheless, very little is known as to what degree these complexities implicate the implementation of digital transformation efforts in public administration (PA). To address this gap, this research conducted an analysis on four cases of digital transformation in three European PA settings (i.e., Denmark, the Netherlands, and the UK). The findings revealed complexities that pose the key challenges to systems interoperability and integrability, which are crucial in any digital transformation project. In addition, a comprehensive understanding of the systems to be transformed, the policies which they are serving, and the broader PA setting in which they are implemented were deemed central to succeeding in digital transformation efforts.     

面向服务的数字图书馆体系结构研究与设计

采用面向服务的设计思想,设计了一种面向服务的数字图书馆体系结构,旨在将分布的、异构的多个数字图书馆联合起来,形成可动态配置的数字图书馆联盟.该体系结构实现了数字图书馆之间的无缝连接,使现代信息用户可对多个分布异构的数字信息资源进行统一资源访问.     

数字保存问题研究

阐述了美国国会图书馆近期数字保存的相关进展。介绍了数字保存的几种相关战略，同时指出，由Lorie研究的“通风虚拟计算机”可能会成为保存数字信息资源更好的解决办法。     

The JISC digital preservation focus and the digital preservation coalition

Collaboration is widely seen as being essential for digital preservation but recognised by practitioners as being often as challenging as addressing digital preservation itself. This paper outlines the programme and activities of the JISC Digital Preservation Focus and the proposed Digital Preservation Coalition and the rationale which has led to these developments to foster collaboration. It will be relevant both to those directly affected by these developments in the UK and to an international audience interested in the general approaches adopted and specific programmes that are being developed.     

Public service television at the digital crossroads ‐the case of Austria

Abstract

The present article examines the impact of new digital technologies, services and markets on changes to television in Austria from a media‐economics perspective. This article started form the assumption that the process of transformation towards digital distribution modes would make questions about the role and legitimacy of public service television in Austria more prominent than ever before. Since the technical development of digitisation steps up competition in the programming, advertising and viewer markets, the continued existence of public service broadcasting in Austria is at risk. Already facing strong competition from private cross‐border analogue television, private digital services promise increased competition for the ORF, will take away advertising volume and accelerate the cost spiral for rights. The ORF will have to face these challenges as the regulator has assigned it the role of a chief enabler of digital television in the market segments for satellite and terrestrial transmission. This article argues that programme universality as leading principle for public service broadcasting faces a legitimacy crisis as digital competitors may better target minority demands in fragmented audience environments. It remains to be seen how far the ORF is able to being both distinctive and attractive to its target audiences, so to ensure its position into the next millennium. Affordability and reliability of technology comes as another critical success factor. For the time being, the continuous confusion about lasting, stable and interoperable receivers in viewer homes is the main cause for the poor development of digital TV in Austria. This is aggravated by excessive prices and the current difficulty in seeing any added value in new digital content. To conclude, much hope is put into the Digitale Plattform Austria, a working group of experts to produce a coherent and evaluable digitisation concept, that will take up these challenges in a competent way.     

E‐citations: actionable identifiers and scholarly referencing

This document discusses the role of ‘actionable’ identifiers such as the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in enabling scholarly citations in a digital environment. Citation is a subset of the general wider concept of linkage, but an interesting one for two reasons: it is a practical example being worked on today, and it demonstrates that linkage only between digital entities is insufficient for scholarly citation. It also points the way to future extensions of the concept of linkage, with new uses being made of internet resources, and tools which can support these new patterns of citation.     

Advances in digital library initiatives: a developing country perspective

The paper focuses on the digital library initiatives in India with examples, the initiatives of the government of India and state governments towards digital library activities, and the policy of the Government of India towards digital library development. The current initiatives, such as the INDEST Consortia, are described in detail. The challenges facing digital libraries, the problems being encountered while developing digital libraries, the problems of the digital divide facing the country are mentioned.     

Digitization and Business Models in the Spanish Publishing Industry

This paper analyzes how technological change and digitalization in the Spanish publishing sector is challenging existing business models and encouraging publishers to modify their portfolios of products and competencies. A qualitative analysis (case study) of three Spanish publishers is carried out. The practical implications of the research are that digital products and services are still considered secondary to the analog book. On the other hand, the proportion of titles available in digital formats is still small. To all this, the lack of a common dominant design for digital publication is added, which represents an uncertainty for editors, to which must be added the lack of institutional support. For the time being, Spanish publishers are simply selling digital versions of their paper books on digital distribution platforms, trying to minimize risks by betting on positively contrasted works in the traditional paper-based business model.     

Digital Publishing in Europe: a Focus on France,Germany, Italy and Spain

In this article we will provide a general overview of the situation of the digital publishing in Europe starting from the insights provided by the Editech conference, the international day of advanced study organized by the Italian Publishers Association and focused on the trends, perspectives and applications of technological innovation in publishing at an international level. It is the main Italian event dedicated to book publishing with the aim of helping publishers define their short- and medium-term digital strategies, while being aware of the opportunities and risks involved in the conversion to digital of their business model. The Editech 2010 main focus had been: the market and the national and international situation of digital publishing, the new buying and reading behaviors of consumers, e-books and content for e-readers and mobile devices, new production processes (XML, ePub, digital printing) and the distribution scenario and the diffusion of digital content.     

政策法规视角的数字信息资源国家宏观规划与管理

本文以解决我国数字信息资源建设存在的问题为目标,以版权、呈缴本及数字信息资源的长期保存三方面为例,从政策法规角度对我国数字信息资源规划与管理问题进行系统和深入的研究,以期突破学术界长期以来对数字信息资源的管理偏重于微观问题和纯技术问题的局限,把数字信息资源的管理和开发利用问题带入宏观研究的视野,丰富和完善信息资源管理的理论体系。     

Evaluating digital libraries in the health sector. Part 1: measuring inputs and outputs

This is the first part of a two-part paper which explores methods that can be used to evaluate digital libraries in the health sector. In this first part, some approaches to evaluation that have been proposed for mainstream digital information services are examined for their suitability to provide models for the health sector. The paper summarizes some major national and collaborative initiatives to develop measures for digital libraries, and analyses these approaches in terms of their relationship to traditional measures of library performance, which are focused on inputs and outputs, and their relevance to current debates among health information specialists. The second part* looks more specifically at evaluative models based on outcomes, and models being developed in the health sector.     

“数字化陷阱”与数字图书馆资源建设的可持续发展

介绍数字化资源的构成现状,认为图书馆在进行数字化资源的建设过程中隐藏着资源生产重复和缺损,资源合法性值得质疑,资源引进趋同化,资源投入大,资源管理情报复杂等陷阱,指出数字化资源要得到良性发展,就要从可持续发展的角度进行思考,并采取相应措施,避免误入陷阱而带来损失。     

Costing Reference

Abstract

The Assessing Quality in Digital Reference project is a first step toward understanding the cost of digital reference services in libraries. This article presents three measures isolated by project participants as being most useful for their immediate needs: total cost of providing digital reference service, the cost of digital reference service as a percent of the total reference budget, and the cost of reference as a percent of the total library or organizational budget. In addition, it reviews selected outstanding issues in the ongoing question of how to determine the cost of reference services in libraries and offers direction for further study toward a general cost model for information services.     

档案馆应用移动数字终端提升信息服务能力应遵循的基本原则

移动数字终端是相对于传统传媒而被现代社会普遍接受并应用的新型信息传播模式。在社会发展的现阶段,档案馆提升信息服务能力最适宜的方法途径非移动数字终端莫属。而将移动数字终端融入档案馆信息服务能力提升过程中的前提在于确立科学适用的实施原则。     

Distinctiveness of Public Radio in the Age of Digitization

This article examines the distinctiveness of the public broadcaster offer in the roll-out of digital terrestrial radio across 25 European markets. Distinctiveness was measured through the number of services and the diversity of genres provided by the same broadcaster on analogue-only, simulcast and digital-only stations. The results illustrate which public broadcasters have made an effort to provide exclusive digital services and which genres are being preferred in digital. As a whole, the research provides useful insights into the role of public media as drivers of digital radio and technological innovation.     

Chapter 19. Electronic Information and Digitization

Abstract

This chapter considers obstacles and solutions ahead for administrators who seek to preserve intellectual property in digital form, with an emphasis on museums and libraries. Although museum and library professionals have always assumed that preservation of the evidence of the past is our primary responsibility, that assumption is being mightily tested by the advent of digital media. The three main obstacles such administrators confront are: our instinctive devotion to preserving all artworks and intellectual property at any cost, the instability of a digital platform, and the fluid and seemingly infinite permutations of any digital experience. This chapter reviews some of the implications for stewards of cultural resources of this new borderless language of human expression.