解读高等教育——读布鲁贝克《高等教育哲学》有感

布鲁贝克的《高等教育哲学》是一本经典作．作以美国为背景对规模扩张时期高等教育的一些基本理论如高等教育为谁服务等问题做出了哲学思考。它对于世界其他国家包括中国高等教育今天正经历或将要经历的变化仍有理论指导意义。     

Active Approaches to Social Education

An active approach to personal and social education, now familiar in many secondary schools, has been adapted to working with pupils in a range of special schools through an in-service programme for staff. Sylvia Lindoe, senior lecturer, Westhill College of Education, Birmingham, and Julia Bond, deputy head, Alice Stevens School, Coventry, describe the project.     

建构主义学习理论与数学教育

建构主义学习理论对于现代数学教育产生着十分重要的作用,本文探讨了该理论的由来、建构主义学习观以及在该理论指导下的数学教学所体现的特征。     

社会建构主义知识论对我国在线教学设计的启示

文章介绍了社会建构主义知识论，并借鉴其中一些观点从学习情境设计、学习活动设计、交互设计、协作学习等方面阐述社会建构主义知识观对我国在线教学设计的启示。     

从社会建构主义到新闻建构论

社会建构主义力图理解个体与个体间的意义和动机,它视个人为具备资格能力和沟通能力的行动者,积极主动地建构着社会世界,其学术脉络大致可分为受韦伯影响的现象学、常人方法学以及受齐美尔影响的符号互动论.社会建构主义深刘地影响了以塔克曼、甘姆逊等为代表的新闻建构论,使后者更为关注社会系统中的互动、意义和符号,并将作为符号载体与源泉的新闻传播过程引入其后更深更广的历史背景与社会结构,在历史社会语境中考察新闻的生产、传播与接收.     

建构主义学习观对成人教育的影响

建构主义学习观是对传统学习观的一场革命,强调知识不是被动接受的,而是认知主体积极建构的,这对各种层次的教育都产生了深刻的影响。成人学习者承担着各种各样的社会角色,具有丰富的人格化经验,这使得成人学习具有独立自主性、整体一致性、追求现时性的特点。建构主义学习观对成人教育有重要的启示。     

A Bibliography for Philosophy and Constructivism in Science Education

The research literature on educational constructivism is voluminous (see the Carmichael (1990) Pfundt & Duit (1994) and Driver et al. (1994b) bibliographies cited below). The research - in both the Piagetian and Alternative Conception traditions - covers children's learning, cognitive development, curriculum development, classroom practices, teacher education, and much else. There is a further enormous literature on constructivism in philosophy of science (see Leplin (1984) and Churchland & Hooker (1985)), and on constructivism in the sociology of science (see Brown (1984), McMullin (1988, 1992). In turn these latter literatures overlap with the ocean of writing on post-modernist theory of knowledge and cognition (see Gross & Levitt (1994)). The following references relate mostly to educational constructivism, and then, with some exceptions, to articles that address epistemological and philosophical matters in science education. Even so it is not an exhaustive list, but hopefully it will be useful for teachers and researchers in the field. The author welcomes additions or omissions being brought to his attention.     

Introductory Comments on Philosophy and Constructivism in Science Education

This article indicates something of the enormous influence of constructivism on contemporary science education. The article distinguishes educational constructivism (that has its origins in theories of children's learning), from constructivism in the philosophy of science (usually associated with instrumentalist views of scientific theory), and from constructivism in the sociology of science (of which the Edinburgh Strong Programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge is the best known example). It notes the expansion of educational constructivism from initial considerations of how children come to learn, to views about epistemology, educational theory, ethics, and the cognitive claims of science. From the learning-theory beginnings of constructivism, and at each stage of its growth, philosophical questions arise that deserve the attention of educators. Among other things, the article identifies some theoretical problems concerning constructivist teaching of the content of science.     

建构主义理论对教师教育的启示

从建构主义的基本思想出发，在探讨教师教育中运用建构主义的意义的基础上，提出具体实施策略。     

An Alternative to Von Glasersfeld's Subjectivism in Science Education: Deweyan Social Constructivism

An influential view of constructivism in science and mathematics educational research and practice is that of Ernst von Glasersfeld. It is a peculiarly subjectivist form of constructivism that should not be attractive to science and mathematics educators concerned with retaining some sort of realism that leaves room for objectivity. The subjectivist constructivism of von Glasersfeld also becomes entangled in untenable mind/body and subject/object dualisms. Finally, these dualisms are unnecessary for social constructivism. I will provide one example of a social constructivist alternative to social constructivism, that of the pragmatic philosopher John Dewey. In presenting Dewey's position I will appeal to Ockham's razor, that is, the admonition not to multiply entities beyond necessity, to shave off the needless mentalistic and psychic entities that lead von Glasersfeld into his subjectivism and dualism.     

An Alternative to Von Glasersfeld's Subjectivism in Science Education: Deweyan Social Constructivism

An influential view of constructivism in science and mathematicseducational research and practice is that of Ernst von Glasersfeld. It is apeculiarly subjectivist form of constructivism that should not be attractiveto science and mathematics educators concerned with retaining some sort ofrealism that leaves room for objectivity. The subjectivist constructivism ofvon Glasersfeld also becomes entangled in untenable mind/body andsubject/object dualisms. Finally, these dualisms are unnecessary for socialconstructivism. I will provide one example of a social constructivistalternative to social constructivism, that of the pragmatic philosopher JohnDewey. In presenting Deweys position I will appeal to Ockhams razor, thatis, the admonition not to multiply entities beyond necessity, to shave offthe needless mentalistic and psychic entities that lead von Glasersfeld intohis subjectivism and dualism.In outward forms, experimental science isinfinitely varied. In principle, it is simple. We know an object when we knowhow it is made, and we know how it is made in the degree in which weourselves make it.John Dewey (1925, 1981, p. 319)     

Philosophy as Education and Education as Philosophy: Democracy and Education from Dewey to Cavell

In the contemporary culture of accountability and the 'economy' of education this generates, pragmatism, as a philosophy for ordinary practice, needs to resist the totalising force of an ideology of practice, one that distracts us from the rich qualities of daily experience. In response to this need, and in mobilising Dewey's pragmatism, this paper introduces another standpoint in American philosophy: Stanley Cavell's account of the economy of living in Thoreau's Walden. By discussing some aspects of Cavell's The Senses of Walden that suggest both apparent similarities and radical differences between Thoreau and Dewey, I shall argue that Cavell discovers rich dimensions of practice in Thoreau's American philosophy, ones that are overshadowed in Dewey's pragmatism: that he demonstrates another way of 'making a difference in practice'. Cavell, as a critical interlocutor of Dewey, from within American philosophy, offers a way of using language in resistance to the rhetoric of accountability and in service to the creation of democracy as a way of life. I shall conclude by suggesting that the enriched tradition of American philosophy from Dewey to Cavell is to be found in their promotion of philosophy as education and education as philosophy.     

建构主义桁架下的成人教育学科研究生学习

成人教育学科研究生学习本质上是一种探究性学习,研究生群体要从原有的“本科化”学习中真正解脱出来,不但能适应新的学习方式,而且成为意义学习的主动构建者,就有必要以建构主义知识理论为导向,在学习中把握好个体素质与课程体系、学习动机与培养标准、自主学习与导师指导、学术研究与日常学习以及专业学习与就业取向等若干关系。     

基于社会建构主义的网络学习策略设计

作为建构主义思潮的重要流派之一,社会建构主义理论主要强调意义的社会建构,学习的社会情境、社会互动以及协作与交流等.这些主张与网络学习的策略设计之间具有内在的关联性.本文旨在通过阐述社会建构主义理论的基本观点,揭示基于社会建构主义网络学习策略设计原则,揭示社会建构主义在指导网络学习策略设计中的实际应用.     

Outdoor Adventure Education: Applying Transformative Learning Theory to Understanding Instrumental Learning and Personal Growth in Environmental Education

We conducted a qualitative study of the experiences of 23 Outdoor Adventure Education (OAE) participants to determine what participants found significant about their course and to what course elements they attributed this significance. Participants experienced personal transformations, which they attributed to spending extended time in pristine nature, separation of the course from normal life, the community that formed among course participants, and the intensity and challenge of the course. Whereas outcomes related to personal growth, as opposed to changes in environmental behaviors (instrumental learning), are consistent with participant motivations for joining OAE courses and with most course activities, transformative learning theory suggests ways in which courses might integrate personal growth with instrumental learning to better foster environmental behaviors post-course.     

人的教育:一种社会哲学的考察

我们正处于人的基本价值的建构时期,仅仅有理想和激情是无法解决中国社会人的建设问题的,因而人的教育必须以社会哲学的眼界为根本依托。社会哲学更强调“社会”的人性建设,更关注人的尊严、自由、解放和命运。     

Assessing Enhancement of Learning, Personal Learning Environment, and Student Efficacy: Alternatives to Traditional Faculty Evaluation in Higher Education

This study was informed by three bodies of important literature: (1) research on faculty teaching performance and course evaluation in higher education, (2) research on students' personal (constructivist-based) views of characteristics of teaching and learning environments, and (3) human efficacy. The article describes the development and validation of a new measure designed to assess students' perceptions of the extent to which higher education learning environment characteristics enhance students' personal learning. Results of factor analyses of the Student Assessment of Teaching and Learning (SATL) and criterion-related validity analyses are reported for 2,190 students in 145 separate classes. Criteria used for analysis are (1) measures of students' perceptions of constructivist-based, personal learning environments and students' self-efficacy beliefs, (2) course emphasis on higher-order thinking skills and personal and applied knowledge, and (3) two summative judgments of overall course quality. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of using student rating information for formative evaluation purposes and using students' reflections on personal learning as an element of assessing the quality of teaching and learning in higher education settings. This latter view is contrasted to procedures that are more traditionally used to evaluate faculty, teaching, and course characteristics.