Border Region Government Supplementary Directive on Winter Study This Year (August 22, 1944)

Subregion special commissioners and district (city) chiefs (mayors): Regarding the opening of this year's winter study movement, we have already sent out instructions in Directive No. 55, June 3, 1944. Now, as the winter season daily comes nearer and each area must make specific plans and preparations in advance, we herewith present a supplementary directive on questions related to the tasks of this year's winter study program.     

Shen-Kan-Ning Border Region Government Directive on Winter Study for 1945

In its directive issued on the twenty-third of this month, the Shen-Kan-Ning Border Region government emphatically pointed out that winter study should be founded this year on a voluntary basis and with a view to meeting the masses' needs. The original text of the directive follows.     

Border Region Government Directive on Promoting the Study of Model Schools and on Experimentation with Popular-Management Primary Schools (April 18, 1944)

Past primary education in the Border Region, compared with the situation before the revolution, has shown very great progress; but it still retains several shortcomings left over from the old style of education, especially in that educational policies are still not suited to the needs of society and the masses in the Border Region. First of all, in terms of its content, the new education does not make use of the experiences and problems in the actual lives of the Border Region population. On the contrary, its content is a complex curriculum not relevant to the urgent needs of the villages. As a result, students are cut off from production and alienated from their families; when students return to their homes they are unable to "look after the homestead." After graduating from primary school they look down on manual labor and are unwilling to serve the peasants. Female students entering the primary schools become estranged from their families, clamor for divorce, and create other problems. These influences hinder the development of production among the masses, destroy family relationships, and are contradictory to the present need for building up production in the Border Region. Because of this, the populace in a large number of areas is unwilling to send its children to school, thus putting severe limitations on the projects to achieve universal education and to eliminate illiteracy. Since undergoing rectification last year, the government and cadres at various levels have gradually come to realize these facts. In different areas, the policy and content of education have begun to be newly transformed. For example, the Sui-te Subregion has put forward a policy of "uniting labor units, social organizations, government, and families with the schools" and has, moreover, already begun to move in the direction of reform. In other areas, since last fall, certain schools have begun to focus on combining the content of education with production and family life. For example, the Yenan City Complete Primary School, beginning in the latter half of last year, has added, above the fourth grade level, instruction in accounting, letter-writing, map-making, contract-writing, and abacus; it has in addition begun advising the students to pay attention both to their studies and to manual labor; students are encouraged to return home and help with household work. Students are taught to understand manners and to respect their parents; during New Year's, they participated in the yang-ko drama and joined in anti-epidemic propaganda work; all this was a first step forward, and it earned the support of the masses. This spring, therefore, a great many among the masses in Yenan City changed their earlier attitudes toward the schools and sent their children to register. As a further example, at the most recent combined teachers' meeting in Yenan district the policy of "combining production with education" was put forth. The Fu-hsien [Shensi] First Complete Primary School and the Tzu-ch'ang First Complete Primary School specified definite responsibilities for production, bringing about a combination of education and production; similar developments have taken place elsewhere. All this makes it very clear that primary education in the Border Region is already moving in a new direction, and this development makes us very happy. In this we have further proof that if only we think of the masses, plan for the masses, and adapt to the needs of the masses our schools will be run well and the people will certainly welcome them. Naturally, as of today this transformation has not yet become widespread, but has merely started.     

Northwest Bureau Directive on the Question of Winter Cadre Training in Subdistricts and Townships (October 6, 1944)

Yenan. New China News Agency cable, September [?] 19 — The entire text of the "Northwest Bureau Directive on the Question of Winter Cadre Training in Subdistricts and Townships" reads as follows: 1. On the basis of reports from the various subregions and of views expressed by non-Party people at a forum in the Yenan subregion, the Northwest Bureau [of the Communist Party] feels that the main weakness of a great many local cadres today is a lack of understanding of policies and an excessive simplification of work methods. These are basic problems in the thought and work style of subdistrict and township cadres today that must be exposed and changed. If this sort of problem cannot be satisfactorily solved, different opinions about Party policies can develop between higher and lower levels, and there is a danger that the policies will not be thoroughly implemented. A proper and suitable solution to this problem, then, is to have local cadres both understand all the policies and laws applicable to local work and be good at uniting the masses and non-Party people to carry out these policies and laws. This is tantamount to solving all the basic problems of Border Region construction, and it is the most reliable guarantee that local work will be thoroughly transformed and that policies and laws will be thoroughly implemented.     

Northwest Bureau Directive on Winter Cadre Training in Subdistricts and Townships (October 7, 1945)

Yenan. New China News Agency, October 12 - Yesterday the Liberation Daily devoted editorial space to "the Northwest Bureau Directive on Winter Cadre Training in Subdistricts and Townships."     

高职高专英语分层教学探究

针对高职高专学生入学时英语水平差异较大,传统教学不能满足学生“吃不饱”或“吃不了”的实际,探讨了高职高专大学英语教学中采用分层教学的模式,并在理论和实践上论证了这一教学模式的可行性与必要性。     

红河边疆民族地区政府国际经济合作职能定位研究

红河边疆民族地区政府国际经济合作职能定位有着重大意义。定位的重要理论依据是新边疆治理理论。定位的现实依据是党的边疆地区和民族地区政策、党的对外开放战略及红河地区在当前战略体系中的地位。定位的最基本原则是有利于边疆民族地区的发展繁荣和稳定,要符合长期战略需要和科学发展的需要。定位的主要方向包括了角色功能定位方向和思维定位方向。针对现存问题,实现定位思路的主要举措是加强合作,加强基础设施和口岸设施建设,加强合作优势的内部培育,加强政策拓展和领导。文章强调了要解放思想,明确以"合作促合作"和"以合作促稳定"的思路,积极实施"以开放促发展"和"以发展促开放"的互动机制的培育和利用。     

论柳宗元元和三年的调适

元和三年是柳宗元生平至为重要的一年,有五大原因促进了他的转变:摆脱了赐死的阴影;缓解了亡母之痛;聚齐了一批同病相怜、相互慰勉的朋友;拥有了时不我待、急起直追的紧迫感;身体略有起色。为此,柳宗元通过游山玩水、重新确立目标、读书撰著、以赋明志等,实现了全面调适的成功。     

The New Programs for Religious Instruction in: Upper Secondary Schools: (Official Decree of the Italian Government,June 30, 1967)

In Italy (as in some other countries), major directives and programs concerning the public school system are prepared by the Ministry of Education and then issued as decrees of the President of the Republic.     

政府、市场与教育投资研究

教育投资对整个经济的持续增长发挥着重要作用,但对于不同的教育类型,其教育投资的来源又应有所区别.对于初等教育,由于其"外部经济"的存在,需要政府充当主要的投资者,而对于私人收益率较高的高等教育和职业教育而言,则应当发挥市场在成本收益问题上的特殊优势,鼓励家庭和企业进行投资.     

将拓展训练引入中学生晨光体育夏(冬)令营的研究

运用文献法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法对河南省“晨光”体育夏(冬)令营的项目设置现状进行了深入的分析探讨。结果表明：将拓展训练引入“晨光”体育夏(冬)令营是对传统体育活动的改革与创新,它不仅是对体育活动内容的丰富,而且也是对体育课教学内容与方法改革的全面展示。     

新型有机多胺N,N,N',N'-四(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺的合成工艺研究

通过乙二胺与丙烯腈的相转移催化亲核加成及Raney Ni催化氢化反应合成有机多胺化合物N,N,N',N'-四(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺,讨论了影响反应收率的主要工艺因素.标题化合物及其中间产物经多种谱学手段表征确证.     

二期课改相关行政公文研究(2001年～2007年)

在依法行政背景下,教育行政部门加强公文建设,提升课改实施的法治化、规范化水平,是提高课改政策执行力,保障课改实践有序推进的重要途径.本研究以公文的系统性水平、序列性水平和更新性水平为研究视角,对上海市二期课改相关行政公文进行实证分析,明晰当前课改实施相关公文建设的关注点、形态、水平与问题,并对优化课改公文建设提出若干建议.     

湘鄂渝黔边民族文化创意产业发展研究

文化创意产业在世界很多国家和地区得到蓬勃发展,并对经济社会发展做出了巨大贡献。湘鄂渝黔边民族文化资源极其丰富,为发展民族文化创意产业地提供了坚实的基础。对民族文化创意产业的概念进行了界定,对湘鄂渝黔边民族文化创意产业发展的现状及存在的问题进行分析,并提出湘鄂渝黔边发展民族文化创意产业的对策。     

中央电大开放专科英语专业开放英语(1)《形成性考核及学习档案》问卷调查分析报告

为了进一步研究调查《开放英语(1)》形成性考核的使用情况和实施效果,以宁波广播电视大学使用本门课程《形成性考核及学习档案》的学生及教师为对象,实施了问卷调查。本文主要分析《开放英语(1)》形成性考核的优势和不足,以完善其内容和方式,使其真正达到行有所用,促进师生互动,产生有效的教学效果。     

This is Not an Article: a reflection on Creative Research Dialogues (This is Not a Seminar)

Abstract

This is Not a Seminar (TINAS) is a multidisciplinary forum established in 2012 at Edith Cowan University (ECU) in Australia to support practice-led and practice-based Higher Degree by Research students. The Faculty of Education and Arts at ECU includes cohorts of postgraduate research students in, for example, performance, design, writing and visual arts. We established the TINAS programme to assist postgraduate research students in connecting their creative practices to methodological, theoretical and conceptual approaches whilst fostering an atmosphere of rapport across creative disciplines. The pilot programme conducted for six months in 2012 comprised dialogues with experienced creative researchers; critical reading sessions on practice-led theory; and workshops in journaling, ethics and copyright. This article is a reflection on the strengths and limitations of TINAS and future projections. More than an additional teaching and learning service, the programme has become a vital forum for creative dialogue.     

The Dialogue Between Mao Tse-Tung and Wang Hai-Yung (June 24, 1964)

Wang: The class struggle in our school is acute. I have heard that reactionary slogans were found written on the blackboard of our English Language Department. All were in English.     

基于SPSS的广西右江流域生态经济区划初探

位于广西西部的右江流域是西江水系较大支流之一,由于生态资源环境的地域差异和经济发展的不平衡性,该流域的生态经济系统也不尽相同．囡此,遵循生态与经济的统一性、行政区的相对完整性、时限性、定性与定量相结合的、区域共轭性等区划原则,建立科学可行的区划指标,对右江流域内的生态经济环境进行区域划分,对流域可持续发展有着重要的意义．