非营利民办高校的理事会治理及其制度完善

民办高校理事会从诞生以来的信托实体至今逐步演化为民办学校的内设机构,从世界范围民办高校发展史看,其发挥了不可估量的作用。《民办教育促进法》在未区分非营利民办高校财产权的情况下,将理事会规定为民办高校的中枢决策主体,此种制度设计造成该法与《民法典》设置的法人类型不能完全对应,给非营利民办高校理事会治理造成了困难。在现实中,非营利民办高校理事会存在权力过于集中、校长治理权无法保障、缺乏监督机制等诸多问题。在未来改革中,应当以办学财产的归属和来源是否是捐赠作为区分非营利民办高校法人性质的标准,形成以理事会为核心、校长独立治校、教职工和党委共同监督的共治格局。     

Decision making in school-based management leadership councils: The impact of council membership diversity

School-based management (SBM) is a potentially valuable reform mechanism in urban school districts in which each school serves a unique mix of students drawn from a heterogeneous population. Because SBM usually relies on leadership councils that function as the decision-making bodies for individual schools, its effectiveness as a reform mechanism ultimately depends on the quality of these councils. This research explores how council decision-making quality is affected by five dimensions of council diversity. Results indicate that diversity in terms of council member roles and tenure in the district is related to council decision-making quality, while ethnic and gender diversity and diversity in council experience are unrelated to decision processes. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed.     

Explaining the Effectiveness of the Integrated Model of Advice-Giving in Supportive Interactions: The Mediating Roles of Politeness and Normativeness

The current study examined the effect of the Integrated Model of Advice-giving (Emotional Support—Problem Inquiry and Analysis—Advice) on recipients’ responses to advice, exploring the mediating roles of perceived regard for face and normativeness. Participants read and responded to a conversation in which they received advice from a friend regarding a problematic situation. Results indicated that perceived regard for positive face mediated the relationship between the sequential placement of emotional support and recipients’ responses to advice. Neither perceived regard for face nor normativeness mediated the relationship between the sequential placement of problem inquiry and analysis and recipients’ responses to advice. Findings of this study suggest that the provision of emotional support has a primary role in IMA and is effective in addressing the positive face needs of advice recipient.     

校务委员会在新中国高等教育改革中的变迁

校务委员会是新中国高等学校内部管理体制中一个重要的组织和一项重要的制度。由于不同时期高等学校面临的形势不同，尤其是高等学校内部管理体制的改革与发展，校务委员会也会随着发生相应的变化。从职权和人员组成两个方面入手，分析新中国建立以来有关校务委员会的一些主要的高等教育政策、法规文件，结合校务委员会在一些高校的实践及其在各个阶段特点、作用的变化，可以发现职权充分、明确，人员组成广泛、稳定的校务委员会对高等学校各项事业的发展都有较大的促进作用，也是当前高等学校内部管理体制改革中可行的一个方向。     

论抗战时期美国的“压力策略”对国民参政会的影响

国民参政会作为中国战时民主的象征,承载着历史赋予的重大责任。国民参政会在发展过程中受到国内外诸多因素的影响,尤其是受到美国＂压力策略＂的推动。文章以国民参政会三届三次大会为例,探讨抗战时期美国的＂压力策略＂对其的影响,由此对中国的政治改革提供些许有益的启示。     

The identification of able socially deprived pupils: LEA advice to primary schools

This article examines the advice that local education authorities (LEAs) in England and Wales give to primary schools on the identification of able socially deprived pupils. The research described here is situated within the context of the theoretical literature and central government policy regarding these children. It is noted that identification of able pupils has become more inclusive, although limited research has been undertaken on socially deprived able pupils. The role of central government in supporting these pupils through flagship initiatives such as Excellence in Cities is then analysed and the identification advice that LEAs provide to primary schools is examined. It was found that, whilst LEAs provide systematic and inclusive identification advice, the identification of able socially deprived pupils is only tangentially addressed. The problems associated with the use of checklists by LEAs are examined and the implications of the research are discussed.     

Correlations of achievement,completion, interest,and satisfaction for adult learners and reflections on the meaning of success for adult education

This paper discusses two important movements in higher education during the last decade: empirical analysis of educational outcomes and expansion of postsecondary educational opportunities for adults. Evidence is presented that indicates that many of the findings relating educational outcomes to background factors may not be important for adult open-learning programs. A discussion of the correlations that were significant is included as well as possible reasons why more significant findings did not arise. The paper then argues for a wider view of outcomes and a broader conception of success. Categories other than achievement, completion, interest, and satisfaction are presented. Among the student and institutional outcome measures discussed are educational and career development, personal development, community impact, and development of new knowledge.Much of this paper is based on an earlier presentation given at the AERA conference on correlates of success in nontraditional post secondary education in San Francisco, 1976. The author is particularly indebted to John Eggert for his substantive contribution and advice and council in the preparation of this paper. The University of Mid America (UMA) is Principally Funded by the National Institute of Education (NIE). The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of UMA or NIE.     

School Councils' Influence on School and Classroom Practice

School councils are a prominent feature of most school restructuring initiatives, despite surprisingly little evidence about their contribution to school improvement. This study examined the influence, on both school and classroom practices, of an advisory form of school councils implemented in the province of Ontario in June 1996. Data from interviews with 50 people from 5 schools, selected for the range of council's influence, were used to address questions concerning the extent of council effects and the characteristics of relatively influential councils.

Results indicated that councils had weak positive to negative influences on both schools and classrooms. More influential councils were characterized by their collaborative team approach with the school staff and their involvement in initiatives related to school improvement objectives. These councils were usually found in schools with a history of relatively extensive parental involvement in many forms. More influential councils had facilitative principals who supported and endorsed the councils; provided information, knowledge, and skills to council members; worked closely with the council chair; and assisted the council to build connections with the school staff.     

浅谈我国审判委员会制度的完善

审判委员会制度的产生是我国历史和政治双重因素共同作用的结果,自设立至今一直发挥着重要的作用,但随着社会的发展,现有制度存在的问题日益突出,亟需改进。文章针对审判委员会制度的改革提出了一些有益的建议。     

Training needs of rural school council members

School councils have operated successfully in non-government schools for many years. By contrast, the establishment of school councils in the government school sector has had a much shorter history. In New South Wales, school council members are elected representatives of the broader school community. This study focused on government schools in rural areas of southern New South Wales and specifically examined the professional development and training needs of these school council members. The findings indicated that school council members expressed concern about their inexperience as council members. Further, they identified the following areas within which they should specifically seek professional development and training: i) identifying and analysing the educational needs of the school and its community; ii) enhancing and facilitating better communication between the school and its community; iii) assisting the principal to understand local community politics; and iv) promoting public education within the local community. These priority training needs have relevance for policy makers and professional development leaders at the systemic or departmental level.     

Parent–School Partnership Formation through the School Council in Korea

Official involvement of parents in school education has been very limited until recently within the highly centralized educational administration and school management system in Korea. But, the educational reform in 1995 has brought fundamental changes in educational administration and school management system of Korea. The main approach of the reform is decentralization, which tries to turn over the power of the central government in educational administration and school management to the hands of regional education offices and site schools. According to the reform, the school council was introduced to enforce autonomous and responsible school-based management through broad participation of various stakeholders of education. In this article, I examined the background, roles, and characteristics of the school council, focusing on the new pattern of parent–school participation formation. And based on the findings, I discussed the issues of parents participation and future prospects of the school council and suggested policy implications for better implementation of parent–school partnership through the school council.     

从高等教育基金委员会看英国高校治理模式的创新

20世纪90年代,英国高等教育的治理模式发生了变革,1919年建立起的大学拨款委员会模式已经终结,取而代之的是新的基金委员会模式。基金委员会模式体现了英国高等教育治理的新思路,以英格兰地区的高等教育基金委员会最有代表性。该地区的高等教育基金委员会不但要求大学在财政方面积极承担绩效责任,而且在科研以及教学方面也对大学施加外在影响。基金委员会主要通过财政备忘录对大学进行财政风险评估。作为政府的代理机构,基金委员会有鲜明的商业特征,主要通过一系列审查和绩效问责措施促进高校治理变革。然而,基金委员会自身存在一些不足,需要进一步完善。     

ON THE TENURE TRACK IN GERONTOLOGY: I WISH I HAD KNOWN THEN WHAT I KNOW NOW

With the emergence of gerontology as an academic discipline, the need for formalized training to address early career issues has increased. This paper offers personal experiences and advice regarding some of the challenges new faculty are likely to face when on the “tenure track.” Some of the challenges include whether to pursue a career in academia, the potential value of a post-doctoral research position, grant writing, academic duty, preparing for the job interview, negotiating, and achieving success in academia. In addition to offering personal perspectives on each of these challenges, a number of resources are provided to help those who seek additional insight or advice on early career management. Implications for creating formalized graduate training to assist those students struggling with early career challenges are discussed.     

基于模糊综合评价法的工科院校就业指导工作满意度评价研究

大学生就业率是衡量当前高校就业指导工作成效的关键指标。工科院校为了保持高就业率往往忽视了毕业生对就业指导工作的满意度,从毕业生视角科学构建就业指导工作满意度评价指标并进行客观公正评价显得尤为必要。以模糊理论为基础,通过构建模糊综合评价法模型重点对就业指导工作满意度进行客观定量评价,可解决以往评价中的模糊性和不确定性。运用该方法对江苏某工科院校就业指导工作满意度进行实证研究,其科学性、系统性和实用性得到了初步验证。     

France: The Law of July 21, 1980, Amending Articles 13, 14, And 15 of The Law of Orientation of Higher Education of November 12, 1968

The councils shall be composed, in a spirit of participation, of teachers, researchers, students, and members of the non-teaching staff. No one may be elected to more than one university council nor to more than one council for the unity of teaching and research.     

Assessment leaders’ perspectives of institutional cultures of assessment: a Delphi study

Institutional cultures of assessment are praised as beneficial to student learning. Yet, extant studies have not explored the theoretical foundations and pragmatic approaches to shaping cultures of assessment. The researchers used the Delphi method to explore 10 higher education assessment leaders’ attitudes and theoretical perspectives regarding cultures of assessment. These expert assessment leaders were iteratively surveyed until a reasonable threshold of consensus was reached. Study participants viewed buy-in as a necessary component of a positive campus culture of assessment, and advice on reshaping negative cultures was offered. Assessment leaders’ guiding theoretical frameworks were implied and loosely defined with metaphors. Finally, advice is offered for improving cultures of assessment by symbolically connecting assessment to student learning through dialogue.     

高校图书馆网站的SQL注入防范及补救措施

结合高校图书馆网站的自身特点,从管理及技术两个层面讨论如何有效地防范SQL注入攻击,并对遭受攻击后如何采取补救措施提出建议。     

蔡元培教育独立思想和民国大学院制度述评

民国曾一度试行蔡元培先生推行的大学院和大学区制度，虽然时间不长即被废止，但在中国教育行政发展史上却不可谓不是耀眼之处。由于推行大学院制度的理论基础是蔡元培的教育独立思想，因而我们在探寻大学院试行又很快被废止的原因时，不能不把着眼点集中于这一思想，并归于其存在的缺陷，然而最根本的原因却是中国落后的社会现实和国民党的反动统治。     

广东高校教师师德现状调查与思考

通过对广东省高校教师师德现状的调查,从高校教师的视角,了解当前高校教师师德的现状及师德建设中存在的问题,并就如何进行师德建设提出具体建议：应制定基本的职业道德规范;应让高校青年教师参与师德建设。