National direct student loan defaulters: The ability to repay

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is any difference between the incomes of student borrowers who repay National Direct Student loans and those who do not. The incomes of 681 NDSL borrowers (564 repayers and 117 defaulters) were obtained anonymously from state income tax records. The results showed no difference in the disposable income of repayers and defaulters. A disproportion in the representation of repayers and defaulters in the income tax records, indicating a significantly greater out-migration from the state of defaulters than repayers, clouds the validity of generalization of this study. These findings indicate that student loan default is motivated by factors other than lack of financial resources and are consistent with earlier findings.     

"President Zhu Qingshi of the Chinese University of Science and Technology Discusses ‘Foreign and Native Ph.D.s’"

Zhu Qingshi, president of the Chinese University of Science and Technology has said that since the state resorts to relatively high remuneration and good working conditions to attract "foreign Ph.D.s" back to China, whereas "native Ph.D.s" must wait in order of seniority for better treatment, who wants to study in China, to pursue advanced studies, or engage in research? Various departments, regions, and news media frequently make vigorous publicity for the sake of "image-creating projects" when one or two people who have gone abroad to study are attracted back to China by means of high salaries and good treatment. However, a large number of scholars inside China feel hurt when students who come back from abroad fail to convince people of their superior talent. Everyone knows that the best table-tennis players are to be found on the national team, and only those that the national team does not want, go abroad. If, one day, the public feels that the best scientific and technological talent is to be found in the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Engineering Academy and among only those who do not want go abroad, there will be hope for a change in the situation.     

Using income effects to market undergraduate education abroad participation in higher education

Relying heavily on case or regional studies, higher education institutions market the perceived global skills that students acquire from education abroad as a value-added commodity. As industries increase their global reach, understanding the labor market effects of education abroad from a national perspective is necessary and timely. This study isolates many factors known to influence education abroad using the 2008–2012 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study dataset (B&B: 08/12). Through a 2-level hierarchical linear regression analysis model, earning levels of graduates of undergraduate programs are analyzed, offering a national perspective. The findings revealed that students who participated in education abroad earned more money within the labor market, even during harsh recessionary times. While income differences observed between men and women existed in both samples, initial incomes during the first three years post-graduation demonstrated significantly higher wages for some students who studied abroad when compared to their non-participating peers.     

银行、高校、政府在国家助学贷款政策“大变脸”中的角色转变

国家助学贷款是资助贫困生完成学业的主渠道,鉴于其实施以来一直运行得不太顺畅,国家又出台了助学贷款新政策。但是在对新政策的普遍赞许和认可声中,高校、银行依然面临的一些棘手问题,仍未得到彻底解决。因此,从银行、高校和政府在国家助学贷款政策“大变脸”中的角色转变这一角度入手,对新的政策进行进一步的研究和探讨,将有助于问题的根本解决。     

保险机制介入国家助学贷款管理的探讨

国家助学贷款是我国政府为资助高等院校经济困难学生,顺利完成学业而建立的一项资助政策。这项政策已经资助了数百万学子完成学业。然而在过去的几年中,助学贷款的实施产生了许多如贷款拖欠率高、银行惜贷等问题,国家助学贷款还远远不能满足广大贫困生群体的需求。而将保险机制引入国家助学贷款管理,可以充分发挥保险的社会管理功能,从而实现国家助学贷款的顺利实施。     

中国式"财产性收入"解析

中共十七大报告中首次提出的“创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入”,引起国内外广泛关注．正确理解这一特殊时期的新提法．充分利用、把握这一政策导向．指导自己的经济实践．具有十分重要的现实意义。本文将就财产性收入的概念、意义进行解析,分析了我国居民财产性收入的现状．并提出一些增收对策。     

Rules and Regulations on Intermediaries Opening Up Overt Channels and Blocking Covert Paths

Beijing communiqué by our reporter, Chen Zhiwen: To normalize the intermediary market for studies abroad, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, with approval from the State Council, jointly held a press conference today to promulgate the "Regulations on the Management of Intermediary Services for Self-Funded Students Going Abroad to Study." According to the management regulations, institutions that apply for engaging in service businesses as intermediaries for studies abroad must first undergo examination by educational and public security departments in each locality, submit their applications to the ministries of education and public security for confirmation of their qualifications, and then register at industrial and commercial administration departments to obtain business licenses. They may then engage legitimately in intermediary services for studies abroad and will no longer have to operate under the name of "overseas studies consultants" while actually providing intermediary services.     

重庆市消费需求现状及对策研究

消费是经济增长的主要动力之一。近年来重庆市消费需求在GDP的比重逐渐增加,对经济增长的贡献率呈渐强趋势。本文从消费在重庆经济增长中的地位人手,通过分析重庆市消费需求的现状,提出了推进商业基础设施建设、增加低收入群体收入、加快小城镇建设、挖掘消费潜力培育消费热点等措施。     

大学生欠费问题原因及其对策

章针对近年来高校学生欠费问题严重的事实,分析总结出原因：高校招生规模扩大贫困学生相对增加;学费涨幅过快相对扩大了贫困生的数量;学校管理上的漏洞。让“造假贫困生”钻了空子;学生本身道德素质问题。恶意欠费、将学费挪做他用;国家助学贷款不畅通等。提出了相应的对策：国家助学贷款是解贫帮困的主渠道,要建立并维护主渠道的保障体系;“奖、贷、免、补、勤”和爱心捐助多管齐下。使多元化的经济资助体系更加趋于完善;严格学校管理,遏止恶意欠费;加强诚信教育、法制教育刻不容缓,注重“精神扶贫”;重视提高贫困生的能力等。     

康德与马克思自由观比较

康德将自由最终确立为自由意志,认为真正自由的人是不受感性干扰的“理性人”,于是,康德自由观体现为一种唯意志论和禁欲主义的不自由。马克思在扬弃德国古典哲学自由观和古典经济学劳动价值论的基础上,找到了解开自由之谜的钥匙———劳动,从而使自由具有了现实性,开辟了人类通往自由之路。     

城市新就业职工基本住房支付能力研究——基于合肥市两次抽样调查

无论是租房,还是买房,城市新就业职工基本住房支付能力均较差,特别是购房月供能力严重不足。比较而言,剩余收入是理想的住房支付能力判断指标;住房可支付性指数可用于租房支付能力判断,但不适合购房支付能力判断;房价收入比是否超过6：1仍然是简单易行的房价高低判断标准。收入、房价（房租）、住房贷款利率,是影响住房支付能力主要因素。建议新就业职工以租房为主,在收入和积累达到一定水平后,再选择购房;对首次置业、购买90平方米以下普通商品住房,提供优惠住房贷款,提高购房支付能力。     

民初北方画坛领袖金城留洋诸问题考

金城是我国民国初年传统派代表画家之一,对北方画坛影响甚大。但金城的有关生平,世人还知之不详,尤其是金城留洋的时间、就读的学校、所学的专业等问题,还有不少讹误之处。经考证,金城的留洋时间应为“1902 1905年”,就读学校应为“King’s College”,所学专业应为“政法”,其留学性质应为“游学”。     

当代留学潮成因及趋势分析

改革开放以来,中国出国留学的各类学生人数不断增长,进入21世纪以后,更是呈快速增长态势,在中国社会形成一股强劲的潮流。导致留学潮形成的主要因素包括政府政策,社会、经济的发展和居民的教育消费心理等等。留学潮给中国乃至世界带来巨大深远的社会和经济影响。中国出国留学人数强劲的增长趋势在可预见的未来仍将延续,根据最近四年的增长速度预测,2013年出国留学人数将突破45万人。社会各方应理性看待与应对居民的留学热情并予以积极正确的引导。     

C2C电子商务模式下客户在线信任的构建

通过研究电子商务环境下信任的概念与维度,比较分析C2C电子商务模式下信息技术、制度环境、人际信任和信任倾向四个维度对客户在线信任构建的影响,得出信任倾向为卖家可控影响维度的结论,基于此结论提出构建客户在线信任的策略。     

英国大学生资助政策的演进与启示

在过去20多年中,英国改变了"免费上大学加助学金"的政策,分三步走,建构起"先上学,后付费"的"学生贷款与助学金混合资助"体系.它的内涵是:所有大学生都可以贷款付学费,毕业就业后"按收入比例还贷",由"税务部门回收贷款".特别困难的学生还可以申请生活费贷款和助学金.政府还对师范生等给予专业津贴,吸引出身贫寒但学业优秀的学生学习社会急需的专业.英国的改革进程和资助政策体系都值得我们研究借鉴.     

Intention of students in less developed cities in China to opt for undergraduate education abroad: Does this vary as their perceptions of the attractions of overseas study change?

This study is based on a survey in 2007 of 12,961 senior secondary final year students in seven major cities in China, and shows that students in less developed cities manifest a stronger intention to study abroad than students in better off cities, controlling for students’ other demographic characteristics and their major perceived attractions of study abroad. The intention to study abroad of students in less developed cities becomes increasingly lower than the intention of students in better off cities for every unit increase in the perceived attraction of better quality instruction if the students expect to fund their overseas studies by self-financing or loans.     

对我国实行储蓄实名制的法律思考

储蓄实名制是我国向市场经济转变过程中必不可少的一项制度性建设,它是公平税收、保障中低收入群体利益的需要,也是完善个人信用发展消费信贷的需要,更是明确私人财产个人占有制的需要。而其真正顺利实施又有待一系列相关法律制度的完善。     

Student loans in Japan: Current problems and possible solutions

The Japanese higher education sector has seen increases in tuition with stagnant household incomes in a society where family support for university students has been the norm. Student loans from the government have grown rapidly to sustain the gradual increase in university enrolments. These time-based repayment loans (TBRLs) have created financial hardship for increasing numbers of loan recipients and their families. There is some evidence that prospective students from low-income households are forgoing a university education to avoid student loan debt. The Japanese government has introduced some measures including grants and a partial income-contingent loan (ICL) scheme to help alleviate these problems.While the ICL scheme is a positive development, this paper shows that it requires further refinement and broader coverage if it is to adequately address the challenges facing higher education financing in Japan. We show that an affordable and universal ICL system could be introduced in Japan that avoids problems with the current partial income-contingent loan scheme and would help alleviate access issues for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Importantly, the unique features of the Japanese labor market have to be carefully considered, especially the large gender wage gap for married women. By introducing dynamics into modeling graduate earnings and using carefully selected parameters, we show that it is possible to have a universal ICL which achieves a balance between access and affordable repayment with minimal long-run costs to taxpayers.     

政府、市场、高校:高等教育资源配置“三位一体”模式探析

在市场经济和高等教育大众化条件下,高等教育资源的配置是政府调控、市场调节、高校自主三支力量相互制衡、博弈的结果,三者之间彼此互动,此消彼长:政府在高等教育资源配置中的管控力量逐步消减,市场介入高等教育资源配置的领域和力量日益扩大,高校作为政府力量的执行者、教育资源的消费者和市场力量的承受者,通过大学自治、学术自由、学生自主已经成为资源配置中不可忽视的第三支力量。高等教育资源配置原有的政府—市场二元模式随之被政府—市场—高校"三位一体"模式所取代。