尊重人的需要是思想政治工作取得实效的切入点

思想政治工作是做人的工作 ,要增强其实效 ,必须树立新观念 :加强人学研究 ,尊重人的需要。本文从马克思主义关于人的学说和中外道德教育的历史经验教训中 ,阐述思想政治工作的实质 ,得出增强思想政治工作实效的切入点是尊重和满足人的需要的结论     

爱之则劳 忠焉以诲——谈中国古代文学专业博士生培养

本文提出古代文学专业博士生培养应重视思想与学风的教育、教学与辅导、学位论文的指导等环节。     

When Topics are Controversial: Is it Better to Discuss Them Face-to-Face or Online?

Ten students in a graduate-level course on Historical and Policy Perspectives in Higher Education held face-to-face and online discussions on five controversial topics: diversity, academic freedom, political tolerance, affirmative action, and gender. Upon completion of each discussion, they assessed their comfort, honesty, concern for others’ feelings, similarity of feelings to others, and willingness to disagree and then compared the face-to-face and online discussions on these measures. Students’ assessments are complex and indicate that some topics did elicit feelings of discomfort, concern for others’ feelings, and willingness to disagree in the face-to-face discussions. However, despite these feelings, the majority of students continued to prefer the face-to-face discussions. Online discussions were valued to a lesser extent, but a consistent minority of students were more comfortable in that setting. The age and race of the student also created differences in responses. Dr. Katrina Meyer is an associate professor of Higher and Adult Education at The University of Memphis. Her Ph.D. is from the University of Washington, and her research interests include online learning and virtual universities.     

对消费者不苛求对欺诈者不放任--对《消法》第49条的认识和理解

整顿市场经济秩序的重点是保护消费者的经济利益。《消法》中所规定的“消费者”,应当包括为“打假”而购买商品的人,因为“打假”有利于保护全体消费者的利益,有利于监管市场,符合《消法》的立法本意。对欺诈行为的确认,不能给经营者提供“无意售假”的借口,应当依据已经发生的客观事实,从各个方面去认定经营者的欺诈行为。对“增加赔偿”的规定,应当作整体和全面的理解：当消费者的受害损失超过购买商品和提供服务价款的一倍时,应当按实际损失甚至更高的标准进行赔偿;当经营者许诺“假一罚十”时,法律应当支持受害消费者获得10倍的赔偿;法律还应当从更深入的层次采取措施,使商品销售者和提供服务者的欺诈经济成本高于欺诈经济所得,力争在源头上杜绝对消费者实施欺诈行为的心理动机。     

Information Is Forever in Formation;

No abstract available for this article.     

The Answer Is Readiness—Now What Is the Question?

Although readiness is often posed as the answer in early childhood education, there is typically confusion about exactly what question this complex term responds to. In this article, I explore common uses of the term readiness, examine their theoretical and empirical problems, and suggest a more synthetic conception that merges attention to the child, the school, and the community. I argue that readiness is an ethical responsibility we have to children that encompasses coordinated systems of early care and education and receptive schools that are developmental, inclusive, and accountable to all.     

Speech Is Dead; Long Live Speech

EARLY REAGAN: THE RISE TO POWER. By Anne Edwards. New York: William Morrow &; Co, Inc., 1987; pp. 491 + appendices. $21.95.

DOCUMENTARY AND THE MASS MEDIA. Edited by John Corner. Baltimore, MD: Edward Arnold Publishers, 1986; pp. xiv + 178. Paper $19.95.

THE ETHICS OF READING: KANT, de MAN, ELIOT, TROLLOPE, JAMES, AND BENJAMIN. By J. Hillis Miller. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1987; pp. 138. $20.00.

FOUR THEORIES OF MYTH IN TWENTIETH‐CENTURY HISTORY. By Ivan Strenski. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1987; pp. vii + 234. $22.50.

THE RHETORIC OF THE HUMAN SCIENCES: LANGUAGE AND ARGUMENT IN SCHOLARSHIP AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Edited by John S. Nelson, Allan Megill, and Donald N. McCloskey. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1987; pp xiii + 445. $24.00.

IMAGING AMERICAN WOMEN: IDEA AND IDEALS IN CULTURAL HISTORY. By Martha Banta. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987; pp. xviii + 844. $50.00.

GLAS. By Jacques Derrida. Translated by John P. Leavey, Jr. and Richard Rand. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986; pp 262. $40.00.

GLASSARY. By John P. Leavey, Jr. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986; pp. 320. $40.00.

THE CULTURE OF CRITICISM AND THE CRITICISM OF CULTURE. By Giles Gunn. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987; pp. xv + 216. $24.95.

MEANING AND MORAL ORDER: EXPLORATIONS IN CULTURAL ANALYSIS. By Robert Withnow. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987; pp. xiii + 435. $38.50.

HOPE AMONG US YET: SOCIAL CRITICISM AND SOCIAL SOLACE IN DEPRESSION AMERICA. By David P. Peeler. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1987; pp. xi + 340. $35.00.

POWER AND COMMUNICATION. By Andrew King. Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press Inc., 1987; pp v + 153. Paper $8.95.

HANDBOOK OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION. Edited by Fredric M. Jablin, Linda L. Putnam, Karlene H. Roberts, and Lyman W. Porter, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1987; pp. 781. $59.95.

THINGS HIDDEN SINCE THE FOUNDATION OF THE WORLD. By René Girard, with Jean‐Michel Oughourlian and Guy Lefort. Trans. by Stephen Bann and Michael Metteer. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987; pp. 469. $30.00.

MACHIAVELLI AND THE HISTORY OF PRUDENCE. By Eugene Garver. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1987; pp. xiv + 238. $28.50.

LANGUAGE AND TRUTH. By Garth L. Hallett. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988; pp. viii + 234. $21.50.

MARCUS GARVEY LIFE AND LESSONS. Edited by Robert A. Hill and Barbara Bair. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987; pp. xv + 451. $19.95.

GIVING GLORY TO GOD IN APPALACHIA: WORSHIP PRACTICES OF SIX BAPTIST SUBDENOMINATIONS. By Howard Dorgan. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1987; pp. xxvii + 224. $24.95.

LISTENING TO THE CICADAS: A STUDY OF PLATO'S PHAEDRUS. By G.R.F. Ferrari. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987; pp. xiii + 293. $39.50.

ARISTOTLE: THE DESIRE TO UNDERSTAND. By Jonathan Lear. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. xi + 328. $39.50; paper $12.95.

RENAISSANCE HUMANISM: FOUNDATIONS, FORMS, AND LEGACY. Volume 3: HUMANISM AND THE DISCIPLINES. Ed. Albert Rabil Jr. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988; pp. xvii + 692. $51.95.

RHETORIC: ESSAYS IN INVENTION &; DISCOVERY. By Richard McKeon. Edited with an Introduction by Mark Backman. Woodbridge, CT: Oxbow Press, 1987; pp. xxxi + 220. $25.00.

IN DEFENCE OF RHETORIC. By Brian Vickers. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988; pp. xvii + 508. $79.00.     

电大服务"三农"是教育基本规律的内在要求

终身教育是社会发展的社会性因素、教育自身因素、人的因素对教育提出的要求，教育为“三农”服务是终身教育理念的内涵，电大的办学特色使其承担起为“三农”服务的历史使命，符合教育发展基本规律的要求。     

哈克的基础融贯主义仍是基础主义

基础主义与融贯主义是相互竞争的知识辩护理论。它们各有自身无法克服的难题。哈克认为基础主义和融贯主义之间存在其它知识辩护理论的逻辑空间,即存在一种融合基础主义和融贯主义的基础融贯主义理论。这种理论能够克服基础主义和融贯主义的难题。阐发基础融贯主义的关键是区分信念状态与信念内容。但这种区分实际上并没有成功地支持哈克的理论。哈克的基础融贯主义本质上仍是一种基础主义。哈克理论不成功的根源在于它继承了个体主义和绝对真理知识观。     

The‘Real Books’Approach: Is Apprenticeship a Weak Analogy?

If, when considering reading, we treat apprenticeship as a suggestive, rather than exact, analogy, there are useful insights to be drawn from traditional apprenticeship. Two features particularly hold messages for how we help children learn to read. First, the movement in traditional apprenticeship from observation, through coaching, to practice can act as a model for reading instruction. It highlights, for instance, that a‘real books’approach is not laissez-faire, that coaching is required and that, in a cognitive area, part of this coaching involves making explicit to the learner processes which are usually internalised in skilled performance. The implications for teachers are radical. A number of traditional practices, such as hearing children read as a kind of ritual, almost a magical laying on of hands, require major revision. Second, a close look at traditional apprenticeship provides evidence for the importance of the social context in which learning takes place. Again teachers of beginning readers can use the model of traditional apprenticeship to reflect on their own school/classroom practices, to see whether they help create a culture of expert practice for instance, and offer the opportunity for learners to realise the value of their increasing skills. Practices such as peer-tutor schemes and the increasing involvement of parents in reading teaching illustrate that many schools are already working out the implications of this understanding. If teachers are more aware of those areas of relative weakness and strength in the apprenticeship analogy they will have a more principled basis for using the approach in their teaching and a more stout defence against those who might argue that if the analogy is weak, a‘real books’approach is to be avoided.     

"尊礼"与"言情":明清徽皖文化与女性戏曲创作

徽皖地区何以出现占明清女性戏曲家总数四分之一强的女性戏曲家,她们所生活的地域、家族环境对戏曲创作有何影响?文章对徽皖文化作总体观照,认为徽皖重视女学的文化背景,女性家族的一门风雅,戏曲文化的浸染构成女性戏曲产生的地域文化背景.徽皖文化赋予女性"尊礼重德"的文化理念,成就了女性戏曲风雅之颂.徽皖女性的戏曲创作,既是对时代戏剧思潮的呼应,也标举出她们对前代男性文人戏曲创作与女性戏曲创作传统的继承和发扬.