英国高校教学卓越评审的实践、走向与思考

在新自由主义深刻影响高等教育治理领域,受教育者和市场对高等教育信息透明化需求日益迫切,政府越发关切高校办学水平和教学质量,新公共管理理念加快高等教育改革的节奏等背景下,为进一步提高高等教育教学质量,英国政府于2017—2019年在全国推行教学卓越评审。第一轮评审虽然在鼓励高校为学生提供优质教学、引导高校改善学生体验、助力高中毕业生有效选择高校和专业等方面取得了一定成效,但其在指标设计的科学性、评审数据信效度、结果等级设置合理性等方面还存在一定不足。为此,新一轮的教学卓越评审将进一步丰富评审指标的内涵、增强评审数据的科学性、提高评审结果使用的效率。英国高校教学卓越评审的系列改革可为我国进一步完善本科教学质量评估和保障体系提供一些借鉴参考:高度重视教学质量,强化育人功能;突出学生视角,兼顾公平与卓越;整合多方数据,增强数据的科学性和代表性;理性运用评审结果,监督和奖励并行。     

高等学校学生评教行为偏差研究——基于南京仙林大学城若干大学的分析

学生评教是高校教学质量保障体系的重要组成部分.目前,学生在评教过程中存在评教行为偏差,主要表现为引致评教、恶意评教、随意评教和放弃评教.其直接原因在于高校在学生评教管理中的若干强制规定和院系对学生评教的不当引导;根本原因则是由学生评教定位偏差以及学生评教运作无关学生利益造成的.因此,高校需要科学定位学生评教,极力完善学生评教的制度设计,构建学生评教和学生利益紧密关联的基点,以便促成教师根据学生评教改进教学和服务学生、满足学生学习需要这一根本目的的实现.     

Generic gold standard or contextualised public good? Teaching excellence awards in post-colonial South Africa

ABSTRACT

Teaching Excellence Awards have raised the profile of teaching as a scholarly project. There are however a number of questions about what constitutes teaching excellence and how ‘excellence’ is understood in current higher education. In a post-colonial South Africa, where significant injustices permeate our society, we question whether excellence can be understood in a generic manner. Furthermore, we argue that as universities are a public good, teaching excellence needs to explicitly attend to the ways in which universities contribute to broad goals of transformation and inclusivity. We analysed data from the national Teaching Excellence Awards and 13 South African universities’ awards to interrogate the discourses that underpin ‘excellence’ in this context of social inequality. We found that while the awards have gone some way to enhancing the position of teaching in institutions, ‘excellence’ was largely articulated in fairly generic ways which failed to take into account the enablements and constraints of the discipline and the institution. Furthermore, the guidelines and criteria privilege a decontextualised notion of excellence that seeks a ‘gold standard’ and validates performativity, rather than a contextualised response to the needs of the students.     

Student Summative Evaluation of Teaching: code of practice

The following code of practice has been developed by the Association of University Staff (AUS) of New Zealand (Inc.) with Dr Cedric Hall, Director, University Teaching Development Centre (UTDC), Victoria University of Wellington. The code deals with the use of student evaluations of teaching for summative decision making (e.g. promotion, tenure, etc.). A draft of the AUS code was distributed to the centres responsible for academic staff development in each university and all committees of AUS for comment. We thank the individuals and groups concerned for their comments and advice. Appropriate changes have been made to the code to take account of the suggestions provided. The AUS code on student summative evaluation of teaching is for the use of AUSNZ members and New Zealand universities. The code is intended to encourage good professional practice in the use of student summative evaluation of teaching and teaching staff. AUS recognises that the contents of the code will need to be reviewed from time to time to take account of changing practices and educational developments within institutions. AUS recognises that student views can be a relevant consideration in overall evaluation of teaching quality, and that they can properly have a place in decision making in relation to tenure and promotion for teaching staff. However, varying practices in ascertaining student views have led (both in New Zealand and internationally) to instances of such decisions being based on invalid and unreliable data from student views. Bad practice in these areas reflects poorly on the institution(s), as well as being unfair to staff; in some instances, it may also be in breach of current legislation. This Code of Practice is based on the belief that any evaluation should provide valid (i.e. relevant and useful) and reliable (i.e. accurate) information on the quality of a person's teaching. AUS believes that teaching quality must be judged in context: the type and purpose of the teaching, the background of the students, the resources available and the voluntary/compulsory nature of the course, should all be considered. Validity and reliability, therefore, relate not only to the measurements that are made of a person's teaching performance, but also to the interpretation of the results.     

Evaluating leadership development using the Most Significant Change technique

Course evaluations are now a serious matter for universities trying to meet stakeholder needs and expectations, quality assurance, improvements and strategic decision making. Typically, students are invited to participate in surveys on how well the design and delivery aspects meet predetermined learning objectives, quality of teaching, and the types of improvements needed for future deliveries. We used the Most Significant Change technique to gather data on the impact of a leadership course on 18 Pacific Islanders who completed a Master of Education (Educational Leadership). Participants’ views highlighted impacts that were of significance to the students and their workplaces. The findings demonstrate that the Most Significant Change technique offers a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of leadership development courses.     

高校教师“教学卓越”的思考与探索——基于江南大学教师卓越中心的实践

高等教育内涵发展需要提升教师的教学水平,教师教学水平的提升需要有目的、有组织的＂教学卓越＂实践,世界著名大学普遍重视教师发展中心的建立以及教师教学能力的培养,当前我国高校亟待处理好教学与科研的关系,提高对教师＂教学卓越＂的认识,将教学视为一种学术活动。江南大学成立教师卓越中心,系统开展教师的＂教学卓越＂工作,所采取的九项措施是高校教师教学发展的一个案例。     

Accountability,evaluation of teaching and expertise in higher education

Increasingly universities are being asked to demonstrate accountability through implementation of quality improvement procedures that include student evaluation questionnaires and peer observation. However, a review of research suggests that these procedures, in themselves, do not necessarily lead to improvement. Excellence in modern universities may be more effectively promoted by focusing on facilitating academics' growth in teaching expertise, perhaps first by encouraging staff to demonstrate accountability as part of a systematic programme of teacher education. Academic or staff developers can play an important role in implementing a teacher education programme, and encouraging and supporting a culture of academic leadership.     

Tinker,tailor, policy-maker: can the UK government’s teaching excellence framework deliver its objectives?

The Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF), originally proposed in the UK government’s Higher Education White Paper, now the Higher Education and Research Act 2017, is a national mechanism to assess teaching quality in universities. This article provides a critical account of the TEF, underpinned by an overview of the policy context and marketisation and employability agendas exploring the rationale for implementing TEF within universities. We argue, first, that the White Paper’s narrative, the rhetoric of the TEF, seems positive but its implementation appears to be conceptually flawed. Second, its complex quality metrics system demands yet another layer of bureaucracy in an already micro-managed system of higher education. Third, claims made by the White Paper must be supported by evidence-based research to ensure that the objectives are clear. We conclude by questioning whether the quality of the student experience can be improved by the TEF reforms.     

湖南地方高校教学质量管控体系新探

目前我国高等教育质量管控模式存在一系列问题,建设具有地方特色的湖南地方高校教学质量省级管控模式,教育行政部门应发挥主导作用,用法规约束学校办学、健全质量监控保障机构;树立多样化、特色化的教学质量观,为学生就业服务;创建以社会需求为导向的各项教学质量标准,加强高校自我监控,加大学生监控力度,建立科学的课堂教学评估指标体系;建立健全高校教学质量预警管理系统,编制质量监控与发展指数;建成有湖南特色的、与经济社会发展相适应的地方高校教育体系。     

教育实习中的"三角关系"探析

教育实习是职前教师教育中教学实践的关键环节,也是一名教师专业成长的重要阶段。通过实习来探索教学实践的要义和良方,是每个师范生必须经历的学习过程。这个过程是复杂而艰辛的,因为师范生需要在适应实习环境的同时,还要穿梭于不同的指导教师对他们的期望和要求之间。本文旨在通过展示一项实证研究的结果,探讨教育实习中师范生、学校指导老师和大学带队老师之间的三角关系,并分析其对师范生学习教学的影响。研究发现,学校指导老师和大学带队老师都认为自己在实习中的作用有限,并且双方之间缺乏有效的沟通。我们建议应在教育实习中明确双方的指导角色和功能,积极建立相应机制鼓励双方合作督导。     

“卓越计划”对培养大学生就业竞争力作用的研究

随着社会就业市场的建立和不断完善,大学毕业生就业直接面临市场选择,必然要求高校重视学生就业竞争力的培养和提高。以大学生就业竞争力培养为导向的＂卓越工程师教育培养计划＂（以下简称＂卓越计划＂）的实施,融入大学教育教学改革,提高教学质量,必将有效地提升应用型本科院校毕业生的就业创业能力。     

高校学生评教影响因素及改进措施的探索

教学质量是高校生存和发展的根本,学生评教是高校教学质量监控与评教的必要环节和教学管理的重要手段.本文侧重阐述了了高校学生评教工作的重要作用,分析了目前影响学生评教的因素,进而提出了针对学生评教工作中存在问题的改进措施.     

A peer-assisted teaching scheme to improve units with critically low student satisfaction: opportunities and challenges

This paper outlines a peer-assisted teaching scheme (PATS) which was piloted in the Faculty of Information Technology at Monash University, Australia to address the low student satisfaction with the quality of information and communication technology units. Positive results from the pilot scheme led to a trial of the scheme in other disciplines. The trial was supported by an Australian Learning and Teaching Council Teaching Fellowship grant. Specifically, this fellowship was designed to (a) improve the quality of student satisfaction within identified units and (b) build leadership capacity using currently recognised outstanding teachers. PATS builds on the current research that highlights the benefits of peer-assisted learning programmes and draws on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and Lave's situated learning literature but applies it to academic teaching staff. Data are collected via unit evaluation instruments and focus group sessions. The effectiveness of the scheme is measured via changes in unit evaluation ratings and a thematic analysis of the focus group data. Results show an overall improvement in student satisfaction of the quality of units and highlight both the opportunities and challenges PATS provides academics for teaching improvement.     

河北省师范类高校教师教学能力现状调查研究

教师的教学能力是学生素质的基本保证,师范类院校教师的教学能力直接关系到未来中小学教师的师资素质和教学能力。伴随着时代发展,当前河北省师范类院校的师资教学能力的状况,鲜有研究者关注。河北省师范类高校教师教学能力的提升策略包括角色认知能力的提升、课程规划与设计能力的提升、教学设计与实施能力的提升及教学评价能力的提升等内容。     

The emergence of contesting motives for student feedback-based evaluation in Australian higher education

Student feedback-based evaluation performs a significant social role in framing perceptions of the quality of teaching in contemporary Australian higher education. Yet its emergence is a relatively recent phenomenon, having only been in widespread application since the mid-1980s. The early manifestations of student feedback-based evaluation came with newly emerging academic development units with a motive to enhance the quality of local teaching and to afford student retention. However, new motives for assailing student feedback evolved with the rapid growth in student numbers, the introduction of student fees and heightened levels of inter-institutional competition for students. As a result, student feedback-based evaluation progressively became also a powerful proxy measure of teaching and curricula quality assurance at an individual, institutional and sectoral level [Blackmore, J. (2009). Academic pedagogies, quality logics and performative universities: Evaluating teaching and what students want. Studies in Higher Education, 34(8), 857–872. doi:10.1080/03075070902898664]. This generated critical tensions between the seminal motive of student feedback around quality improvement, and the rising quality assurances discourses, academic performance management demands and institutional marketing. In this paper, the complex social origins of these competing motives for student feedback-based evaluation in Australian higher education will be explored and analysed. It is argued this provides an important means of understanding the polarising effects of student feedback-based evaluation in Australian universities.     

New academics negotiating communities of practice: learning to swim with the big fish

Abstract

Student evaluations of teaching constitute a recurring theme for debate within the tertiary education literature particularly in relation to validity and reliability. My aim in this paper is to highlight the dependence of student evaluative capabilities on their own beliefs and assumptions about knowledge constituting ‘ways of knowing’, which will differ from one student to the next, and to advocate that this is taken into account when evaluations of teaching are analysed and interpreted. I begin by addressing the nature of the student evaluation process, its current perceived status in higher education and in relation to student expectations in the present consumerist culture from which universities are not exempt. I then go on to focus on cognitive development implicit in higher education, and consider its impact on student expectations and consequent evaluations. Finally, I suggest that promoting an understanding of changing and developing epistemic assumptions of students should be an essential component of the explicit curriculum to the benefit of both students and lecturing staff, and recommend the exploration of more qualitative approaches to student evaluation.     

“卓越计划”视阈下实践教学评价体系构建

构建"卓越工程师教育培养计划"实践教学评价体系对于全面深入理解实施"卓越计划"具有重要作用,也是加强理解"卓越计划"本质内涵和实施方略顺利推广的必要条件。大学生工程实践效果的评价体系构建和"卓越计划"专业评估体系构建是实施"卓越计划"这样一项高等工程教育改革系统工程的重要内容之一,也是一套对实践活动具有全过程质量管理功能的科学程序。     

音乐教学评价新探

教学评价广泛地存在于教学活动中,是教学的重要环节,是检验教学效果的重要方法。音乐教学评价因为具有技能性和智力性、相对独立性、对学生素质培养的相互渗透性,决定了音乐评价的方式较其他学科或以往的传统评价方式有所区别。新《音乐课程标准》提出音乐教学评价要充分体现出素质教育的精神,不仅要体现在音乐教学的各个教学环节,更要关注音乐对学生全面发展的影响。音乐教学评价应在传统教学评价理论上通过成长性评价、情感性评价、审美能力提高的探讨来促进和提高音乐教学,推动音乐教学质量的稳步提高,实现教学目的。     

eVALUate: an evaluation instrument for measuring students’ perceptions of their engagement and learning outcomes

In the current climate in Australian higher education, quality assurance in university teaching is a priority. In particular, the introduction of the Learning and Teaching Performance Fund (LTPF) has refocused attention on universities’ internal student evaluation survey instruments. This paper reports the development, validation and implementation of a new unit survey instrument which prompts students to reflect on what helps their achievement of unit learning outcomes, and to report their levels of motivation, engagement and overall satisfaction with a semester‐long course or unit of study. The instrument (eVALUate) was created from precepts reported in the research literature, current practices in evaluating teaching, and sound quality assurance practices appropriate to a university outcomes‐focused education paradigm.     

利益相关者视角下高校学生评教现状调查研究

教学质量是高等院校的命脉,学生评教是改进教学、提高教学质量的重要手段。选取G高校进行案例研究,从利益相关者角度探讨影响学生评教有效性的因素,发现教师、学生、教学行政管理者三方存在参与率过低、评价真实客观性不足、结果利用不合理等问题,并基于此从利益相关者三方提出针对性改进策略。