2007年中国高等教育盘点

2007年对中国高等教育是极具特殊意义的一年:质量成为高等教育的主旋律,建设高等教育强国的乐章全面奏响。更直接地说,2007年是党的十七大胜利召开并决心大力发展高等教育的一年,是中国全面启动高等教育"质量工程"的一年,是控制研究生招生规模、试点改革研究生培养机制和实施博士质量调查的一年,是师范生免费教育政策恢复试点的一年,是对贫困大学生资助力度进一步加大的一年,是国家规范管理民办高等教育资产的一年,是社会各界联合控制高校贷款风险的一年。     

The False Intelligentsia (1927)

Since the beginning of May 1974, our hsien, led by the higher Party committee, has initiated, on a trial basis, spare-time correspondence education for educated youths who have resettled in the countryside. The institutes of higher education in Shanghai provide us with teaching materials. Aside from this, our hsien has undertaken full responsibility for organization and tutoring. In connection with the needs of the Three Great Revolutionary Movements in our hsien, five subjects were initiated for the first term of correspondence education: "Selected Readings from the Classics of Marxism-Leninism," "History," "Writing," "Breeding of Fine Strains of Paddy Rice," and "Agricultural Meteorology." We have engaged 23 part-time teachers and enrolled 30 students for each subject, totaling 150. The students are organized according to subject into 30 study groups. These groups are distributed over nine communes and state farms where the resettled educated youths are relatively concentrated.     

高师小教专业人才的素质结构刍议

高师小教专业人才的素质结构包括三个层面,即,“全科型”的文化知识素质,含现代教育观、科学儿童观、正确学科观的教育理论素质以及全面的小教技能素质。据此,高师教育策略除了相关学科的设置还有相应的综合实践课程设置。     

Letting Education Serve the Interests of Reinvigorating Local Economies Is a Basis for Rectifying the Concept of Education

Since the time of the party's Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee, the fulcrum of the entire party's work has shifted to economic construction. The "Resolution of the CCP Central Committee Regarding the Reform of the Educational System" pointed out: "Education must serve the interests of socialist construction; socialist construction, in its turn, must rely on education." The basic question of whether education, in Haicheng, will and can serve to reinvigorate the economy, and particularly the economy of Haicheng, and of how this can be done is one that remains to be answered by our municipal party committee and government. Through the practice of the last few years, we believe that if the education in Haicheng is to serve the interests of invigorating the local economy, the guiding thought behind running the educational enterprise would have to be rectified. In the following, I will briefly discuss my ideas about this question from two aspects.     

哈佛大学通识教育课程及其教学的管理

哈佛大学的现行通识教育课程有专门的管理机构、固定的评估机制以及严格的课程设计机制。在教学管理方面,强调互动和实践性教学方法,每门课程设有课程组长,研究生参与教学,同时还设有完善的教学辅助机制。     

新时期我国思想政治教育内容体系探析

自党的"十八大"和十八届三中全会召开以来,思想政治教育学的教育内容也应不断更新,以体现其时代性。针对当前思想政治教育内容体系滞后、实效性差的状况,对思想政治教育的内容进行新的整合,从国家、社会和个体三个层面阐述思想政治教育内容的体系结构。     

韩国教育输出的现状及促进方案研究

教育输出是确保韩国在世界上的技术主权国和文化输出国地位的重要战略举措之一,同时也符合韩国提出的“全球化”国家发展战略。文章从在海外设立分校、开发海外合作办学项目和吸引外国留学生赴韩学习等三个方面,对韩国教育输出的现状进行了述评。由于韩国教育输出事业还处于发展的初级阶段,有待于进一步完善,所以韩国提出了一系列的促进方案,包括发展大学特色化事业、实施地区特殊化战略、构建国际人力资源开发的信息体系、加快高等教育国际化进程等。     

The Ministry of Education Promulgates Regulations for Primary and Secondary School Students (Trial Draft)

Recently, in regard to the revision and promulgation of "High School Student Regulations" and "Primary School Student Regulations," the Ministry of Education issued a circular to bureaus of education in the various provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. The circular states: 1. "High School Student Regulations" and "Primary School Student Regulations" give expression to the basic requirements for ideology and moral character which the Party and the government have established for primary and secondary school students. This is a code of conduct that every student must observe in his or her daily study and life. Since the establishment of the People's Republic, the Ministry of Education has twice, in 1955 and 1963, promulgated student regulations, which played a positive role in helping the young people to develop a fine moral character and foster good habits. In the period when Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" ran amuck, however, the student regulations were violated and the excellent style destroyed. It is necessary at present to revise and promulgate on a trial basis the regulations for primary and secondary school students. This is necessary in training able people to meet the needs of socialist modernization in the new period and reflects the urgent desire of the broad masses of educators, teachers, students, and parents. It bears a major significance in the all-round implementation of the Party's educational policy so that the students can actively, vigorously, and voluntarily develop in all moral, intellectual, and physical aspects, foster a fine moral character from childhood on, resist the erosion of all kinds of nonproletarian ideas and behavior, and help revolutionarize the general mood of society.     

价值、场域与愿景——论中小学校长的课程领导能力

随着我国基础教育阶段三级课程管理体制的建立与运行,中小学校长的课程领导能力日益成为一个重要的现实问题。在课程决策、实施、评鉴、运作机制构建等方面,校长要扮演好“首席教师”和课程领导的角色,承担领导课程改革的职责。教育行政部门应在评价、培训等方面为校长课程领导能力的提升提供外在支持;校长自身要通过自主学习、专家合作、同伴互助、校际联系等多种方法与途径,努力提高课程领导能力,这不仅是有效推进基础教育课程改革的重要保障,而且也是校长专业发展的重要向度。     

关于我国少数民族教育研究工作的展望

中国少数民族教育学会第一次学术研讨会的特点可概括为：代表构成广泛、探讨内容丰富、交流成果丰硕。中国少数民族教育学会正在发挥其在民族教育研究方面的独特优势和积极作用,成为推动我国民族教育改革和发展的一支重要力量。今后我国少数民族教育研究以科学发展观为指导,主要围绕以下几个方面开展工作：大力开展少数民族教育调研活动,在研究解决重大现实问题方面取得新的突破 在民族教育基础理论研究方面取得新的突破 在民族教育研究理论创新方面取得新的突破 在民族教育研究人才队伍建设方面取得新的突破 在提高学会的学术地位方面取得新的突破。     

高等教育拨款委员会的设置原则

高等教育财政拨款制度直接影响着我国高等学校的办学自主权。在作为改革探索的高等教育拨款委员会设置中，应以保障办学自主权价值导向为首要原则，同时，还应坚持其法律地位的相对独立性原则、组织结构的合理有效原则、机构运行的参与原则和公开原则。通过五个原则层层推进、相辅相成的体系设置，使高等教育拨款委员会既能较好实现政府对高校设定的政策目标，又能有效防止行政化对高校自主办学的不当影响。     

关于构建小学教育专业（本科）课程体系的实践与思考

从20世纪90年代后期开始,小学教育毕业（本科）进入了我国高等教育体系。目前对其专业特征、培养目标与规模、课程方案、教材与师资建设等方面的研究还刚刚起步。鉴于课程与课程改革在人才培养、专业建设和学校教育中的核心地位与重要作用,结合四川师范学院试点实际,本着重阐述了小学教育专业（本科）“三性一体”的课程体系特征和课程体系构建的原则,并对其课程体系进行了构建。     

Border Region Government Directive on Promoting the Study of Model Schools and on Experimentation with Popular-Management Primary Schools (April 18, 1944)

Past primary education in the Border Region, compared with the situation before the revolution, has shown very great progress; but it still retains several shortcomings left over from the old style of education, especially in that educational policies are still not suited to the needs of society and the masses in the Border Region. First of all, in terms of its content, the new education does not make use of the experiences and problems in the actual lives of the Border Region population. On the contrary, its content is a complex curriculum not relevant to the urgent needs of the villages. As a result, students are cut off from production and alienated from their families; when students return to their homes they are unable to "look after the homestead." After graduating from primary school they look down on manual labor and are unwilling to serve the peasants. Female students entering the primary schools become estranged from their families, clamor for divorce, and create other problems. These influences hinder the development of production among the masses, destroy family relationships, and are contradictory to the present need for building up production in the Border Region. Because of this, the populace in a large number of areas is unwilling to send its children to school, thus putting severe limitations on the projects to achieve universal education and to eliminate illiteracy. Since undergoing rectification last year, the government and cadres at various levels have gradually come to realize these facts. In different areas, the policy and content of education have begun to be newly transformed. For example, the Sui-te Subregion has put forward a policy of "uniting labor units, social organizations, government, and families with the schools" and has, moreover, already begun to move in the direction of reform. In other areas, since last fall, certain schools have begun to focus on combining the content of education with production and family life. For example, the Yenan City Complete Primary School, beginning in the latter half of last year, has added, above the fourth grade level, instruction in accounting, letter-writing, map-making, contract-writing, and abacus; it has in addition begun advising the students to pay attention both to their studies and to manual labor; students are encouraged to return home and help with household work. Students are taught to understand manners and to respect their parents; during New Year's, they participated in the yang-ko drama and joined in anti-epidemic propaganda work; all this was a first step forward, and it earned the support of the masses. This spring, therefore, a great many among the masses in Yenan City changed their earlier attitudes toward the schools and sent their children to register. As a further example, at the most recent combined teachers' meeting in Yenan district the policy of "combining production with education" was put forth. The Fu-hsien [Shensi] First Complete Primary School and the Tzu-ch'ang First Complete Primary School specified definite responsibilities for production, bringing about a combination of education and production; similar developments have taken place elsewhere. All this makes it very clear that primary education in the Border Region is already moving in a new direction, and this development makes us very happy. In this we have further proof that if only we think of the masses, plan for the masses, and adapt to the needs of the masses our schools will be run well and the people will certainly welcome them. Naturally, as of today this transformation has not yet become widespread, but has merely started.     

从大学生就业压力看高校"毕业生召回制"的推出

为应对日益严峻的就业形势,保证学生就业质量,近年来部分高校推出了类似企业产品召回制度的“毕业生召回制”。本文从这一制度出发,分析了该制度对高校建立“终身教育”体系、强化服务意识与责任意识、提高教育质量等方面的影响以及对高校毕业生确立“终身学习”理念的推动,以期待其从最初解决大学生就业难的初级目标上升到最终实现高校教育的优化以及毕业生的自我完善和能力提升的终极目标。     

抢抓机遇开拓创新办好富有地方特色的本科院校

高等院校是培养高层次创造性人才的摇篮。高校党委是领导高校改革与发展的政治核心。身体力行“三个代表”的重要思想，坚持社会主义办学方向，抢抓机遇，加快发展，深化改革，开拓前进，是对中国共产党八十华诞最好的纪念。     

Higher Education (Including Nonformal Higher Education)

The following section is devoted to financial reform in higher education. As mentioned earlier, the reform in higher education in the 1985 decision was mainly one of decentralization, granting universities more autonomy in their administration and finance. The two aspects, which should have gone hand in hand, did not see parallel developments. The general shortage of funding (apart from the very necessary recurrent expenditures such as salaries) made administrative autonomy almost a burden. The autonomy was further hampered by the political incident in 1989 when the experiment of the "President Accountability System," as symbolic of party-administration separation, practically came to a halt. The autonomy notion, however, did give rise to numerous innovations in resource mobilization that are similar to those in technical/vocational education, but on a much larger scale. By the mid-1980s, most higher education institutions in China virtually relied on all kinds of joint ventures and external services to cover their nonrecurrent costs and staff benefits. As readers will see, the documents in this section are mainly on the financial implications of all kinds of unprecedented funding mechanisms.     

二十世纪六十年代中国高等教育的调整

1958至1960年,为适应反右高潮之后高校继续整风、大跃进运动兴起的需要,全国掀起了"教育革命"的热潮,严重破坏了高校的正常秩序,留下了诸多亟待解决的问题。为此,1961年9月,中共中央出台了以调整高校知识分子政策、压缩学校规模、减少教学数量和恢复高校教学秩序等为主要内容的《高教六十条》,使得教师积极性上升,教学质量有所提高,高校正常教学秩序逐步恢复。六十年代高等教育政策的成功调整给我们留下了可供借鉴的丰富历史经验。     

英国中小学国际教育的历史嬗变与战略动向

随着经济全球化的发展,英国中小学教育进入了国际教育的新时代.无论是参与欧盟的教育计划还是在增进与世界各国的教育交流等方面,英国均已显示出对中小学国际教育的重视.英国中小学的国际教育经历了一个逐渐演进的过程,最终形成了目前较为完善的体系.英国陆续出台的政策、计划及策略造就了现今中小学丰富多元的国际教育活动,正逐步实现培养有国际视野的国际化人才的教育目标.     

关于新疆双语教育工作的调研报告

2011年4月12—24日,自治区关心下一代工作委员会组成四个调研组,分别就推进新疆学前和中小学双语教育工作在南北疆地区进行了调研。调研结果表明,新疆学前和q-小学双语教育还有许多问题亟待解决,文章就存在的问题提出了一些对策和建议。     

体育服务与管理专业建设的探索

体育产业呈现蓬勃发展的态势,体育服务与管理专业的发展前景广阔,专业建设是一项系统工程,涉及面很广,从专业建设指导委员会建设、人才培养方案设计、双师型教师培养、实践能力提高、教学方法改革、教材建设、教学过程改革等诸多方面对体育服务与管理专业建设进行了理论与实践探索。