标枪最后两步助跑分析

通过对世界和亚洲优秀标枪运动员投掷步最后两步步幅的分析研究,发现亚洲男子标枪运动员最后两步技术上存在着步幅比例不合理、步幅稳定性差、速度慢等问题。提出了亚洲男子标枪运动员最后两步的节奏模式应是“长—短”式结构;最后两步的比值即倒数第二步与最后一步步幅的比值,应为１．０～１．８     

中、外优秀女子三级跳远运动员助跑步长与速度研究

通过文献资料调研、现场拍摄法、视频图像解析法等对国内、外优秀女子三级跳远运动员的助跑步长和速度进行了纵向的整体性研究及横向的层次性研究。研究发现,助跑速度是运动成绩提高的源动力;国外优秀运动员水平越高,助跑最后10m的速度与比赛成绩的相关性就越大;最后两步步长随着竞技水平的提高有增加的趋势,并具有明显的个体差异性;在横向上,国外优秀运动员助跑最后两步的速度,随着竞技水平的不断提高而增加,呈加速攻板状态,国内优秀运动员在上板瞬间整体呈减速状态;国外优秀运动员的比赛成绩与助跑最后两步步长呈负相关关系,与最后两步助跑速度呈正相关关系,国内优秀运动员助跑最后两步步长与速度匹配的实效性不如国外优秀运动员。     

我国优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员助跑起跳技术的运动学研究

对我国5.60m水平以上3名优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员的助跑起跳技术进行分析.研究认为,现阶段我国运动员的助跑速度同世界级运动员差距不大,但助跑节奏存在问题,倒三步重心速度变化不合理;倒一步步长受限于起跳点,刘飞亮和杨雁盛助跑阶段最后两步步长变化不合理;刘飞亮采用“自由起跳”的起跳方式,“自由起跳”属于“跳插同时”型,主要技术特征表现为握竿高度高,翻竿时机早,起跳距离远,插穴时间充分,撑竿表现为“反弓”弧度明显,在起跳离地瞬间“正弓”才开始出现;建议杨泉和杨雁盛增加起跳距离,改进翻竿时机,刘飞亮提高最后两步节奏的稳定性.     

现代男子100米跑速度节奏的剖析

本文从搜集的８名世界优秀男子短跑运动员１００ｍ跑成绩、速度、步频和步长的数据，对影响现代男子１００ｍ跑速度节奏的基本因素作了关联度分析，进而揭示了男子１００ｍ跑速度节奏的规律。     

我国优秀女子铅球运动员背向滑步推铅球技术动作的运动学分析

本文以参加2000年田径大奖赛总决赛的8名女子铅球运动员为研究对象，运用生物力学方法来研究影响运动成绩主要技术因素间的关系，以速度节奏这一实质问题为主要着眼点进行分析研究，结果表明：我国运动员在起滑时蹬地角偏大，左腿摆动垂直分速过大，过滤步阶段单支撑时间过长，铅球速度和身体重心速度均呈现下降趋势，最后用力阶段主要加速点（用力点）不突出等。     

中外优秀男子100m跑运动员速度节奏的比较与分析

运用文献资料等研究方法，分析了中、外优秀男子100m跑运动员速度节奏的特点，比较他们之间的差异，分析了影响中国男子100m跑运动员成绩落后的原因，并提出一些改进建议。研究结果表明加强百米速度节奏训练，适当控制疾跑加速节奏，发挥途中跑，最后冲刺和最大速度对提高比赛成绩有着十分重要的意义。     

从肌肉收缩的力学特征谈如何进行栏间跑训练

栏间节奏是栏间跑技术好坏的主要标志。我国跨栏运动员栏间跑节奏差,主要表现在栏间步支撑时间较长,节奏变化、起伏大,它是障碍运动成绩提高的原因之一。跨栏跑理论和实践告诉我们,运动员水平不同,栏间跑步长可能相同,但支撑时间长短是不相同的。栏间步速度越快,每步支撑时间会越短。优秀运动员跨栏步的良好节奏,不仅表现在三步步长合理,而且各步的支撑时间较短,后蹬力量大。根据1982年国际田径邀请赛的研究材料,我们就可以发现,我国运动员同国外运动员相比,存在支撑时间较长的差距,参见下表:     

我国部分优秀女子三级跳远运动员助跑速度及节奏研究

主要采用摄像解析法及专家访谈法，对我国部分优秀女子三级跳远运动员在助跑中速度及节奏变化进行了定量描述和分析。结果显示，我国女子运动员的助跑中后程速度低及节奏的不合理是影响起跳效果及成绩的主要因素，而导致倒数两步节奏变化的主要原因在于倒数第三步步长的急剧缩小。     

2009年全运会男子跳远冠军张晓一关键运动技术分析

本文采用文献研究法、专家访谈法、二维录像测试分析法和数理统计分析法,对我国男子优秀跳远运动员张晓一在第11届全运会跳远决赛中进行了关键运动技术分析和研究。相关的结果和研究结论为：1、张晓一在全运会上助跑速度都超过了10．50 m/s的世界水平,其能力达到了世界级优秀运动员的水平。2、张晓一在全运会上踏板速度能力较好,达到了10．45m/s的水平,起跳瞬间的水平速度较大,而垂直速度不足,导致了起跳角度偏低（只有18＆#176;左右）,远低于世界优秀远低于水平。这表明张晓一还有较大的成绩提高空间。3、踏板精度对跳远运动员创造优秀成绩提供了良好的必要条件,跳远运动员必须要有精确的踏板精度才能创造优异的成绩。4、跳远运动员最后两步的步长差异不能太大,跑动一定要具有较好的节奏性,后两步步长按照“大→小”的节奏进行。     

优秀女子铅球运动员双脚支撑阶段速度节奏的特征与模式研究

背向滑步推铅球双脚支撑技术阶段是获得铅球出手初速度的重要环节，以生物力学方法，对我国优秀女子铅球运动员双脚支撑阶段相关运动环节及铅球的速度节奏进行了研究，研究发现，右膝与左踝速度是影响铅球运行速度的最重要因素，建立了有关运动环节速度节奏与铅球速度之间的数学模式。在一定范围内，可以进行铅球速度的评价和预测。建议优秀女子铅球运动员应加强双脚支撑阶段，各有关运动环节速度及其运作结构改进方面的训练，并特别重视双脚支撑阶段运动员铅球速度的提高。     

拉丁舞伦巴基本步伐的表面肌电分析

目的:利用表面肌电对拉丁舞伦巴库克拉恰基本步伐中的主要肌群进行肌电分析,能够有效地判断出拉丁舞运动员的肌肉用力特点和技术的内在规律.研究方法:采用意大利BTS FREEEMG300无线表面肌电信号系统,对河北师范大学体育舞蹈专业校队八名女队员进行表面肌电信号的数据采集.结果:肌肉的激活时序先后依次为:股直肌、腹外斜肌、臀大肌、背阔肌、腓肠肌内侧头、长收肌、股二头肌外侧头;肌肉的激活程度由高到低依次为:背阔肌、股二头肌外侧、股直肌、长收肌、腹外斜肌、腓肠肌内侧头、臀大肌.结论:伦巴库克拉恰步伐中下肢肌群先激活,其次为核心肌群;伦巴库克拉恰步伐中肌肉的激活时序以下肢肌群为主,核心肌群为辅;伦巴库克拉恰步伐中核心肌群虽然激活时序慢,但贡献率高.     

我国女子优秀跳高运动员倒两步助跑特征研究

通过对3名我国女子优秀跳高运动员倒两步助跑的拍摄与解析,结果发现:助跑倒两步步长表现为大一小特征,三着地点构成一钝角三角形;2名健将级运动员助跑稳定性好于一级运动员谢琳瑛;3名选手助跑绝对速度小于国外选手.但助跑速度利用率均超过国外选手.     

Lifesource XL-18 pedometer for measuring steps under controlled and free-living conditions

The primary aim was to examine the criterion and construct validity and test–retest reliability of the Lifesource XL-18 pedometer (A&D Medical, Toronto, ON, Canada) for measuring steps under controlled and free-living activities. The influence of body mass index, waist size and walking speed on the criterion validity of XL-18 was also explored. Forty adults (35–74 years) performed a 6-min walk test in the controlled condition, and the criterion validity of XL-18 was assessed by comparing it to steps counted manually. Thirty-five adults participated in the free-living condition and the construct validity of XL-18 was assessed by comparing it to Yamax SW-200 (YAMAX Health & Sports, Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA). During the controlled condition, XL-18 did not significantly differ from criterion (P > 0.05) and no systematic error was found using Bland–Altman analysis. The accuracy of XL-18 decreased with slower walking speed (P = 0.001). During the free-living condition, Bland–Altman analysis revealed that XL-18 overestimated daily steps by 327 ± 118 than Yamax (P = 0.004). However, the absolute percent error (APE) (6.5 ± 0.58%) was still within an acceptable range. XL-18 did not differ statistically between pant pockets. XL-18 is suitable for measuring steps in controlled and free-living conditions. However, caution may be required when interpreting the steps recorded under slower speeds and free-living conditions.     

BMI-referenced cut-points for recommended daily pedometer-determined steps in Australian children and adolescents

The purpose of this study was to establish sex-specific criterion-referenced standards for pedometer-determined physical activity related to body mass index (BMI)-defined weight status among youth. We analyzed data from 7-16-year-old boys (n = 338) and girls (n = 337) and used pedometer-assessed physical activity and anthropometric data to derive average steps/day and BMI. Sex-specific criterion-referenced standards for steps/day relating to healthy weight and overweight/obese were determined using the contrasting groups method. Healthy weight children took more steps/day than overweight or obese (boys: 14,413 vs. 12,088, and girls: 12,562 vs. 10,114, respectively; p < .001). The optimal BMI-referenced cut-point emerging flom our sample was 16,000 steps/day for both boys and girls. Our results and those reported elsewhere suggest that youth take insufficient pedometer-determined steps/day to avoid becoming overweight.     

健身操课中三步教学法与学生创新能力的培养

在大学生健身操课中运用基础教学、程度教学、体验教学三步教学法，让学生在学习过程中充分发挥主体性，不同程度地掌握创编适合自己练习的健身操的技能，同时培养学生对健身操的学习与锻炼的兴趣。     

Validity of the Actical activity monitor for assessing steps and energy expenditure during walking

This study examined the validity of the Actical accelerometer step count and energy expenditure (EE) functions in healthy young adults. Forty-three participants participated in study 1. Actical step counts were compared to actual steps taken during a 200 m walk around an indoor track at self-selected pace and during treadmill walking at different speeds (0.894, 1.56 and 2.01 m · s^–1) for 5 min. The Actical was also compared to three pedometers. For study 2, 15 participants from study 1 walked on a treadmill at their predetermined self-selected pace for 15 min. Actical EE was compared to EE measured by indirect calorimetry. One-way analysis of variance and t-tests were used to examine differences. There were no statistical difference between Actical steps and actual steps in self-selected pace walking and during treadmill walking at moderate and fast speeds. During treadmill walking at slow speed, the Actical step counts significantly under predicted actual steps taken. For study 2, there was no statistical difference between measured EE and Actical-recorded EE. The Actical provides valid estimates of step counts at self-selected pace and walking at constant speeds of 1.56 and 2.01 m · s^–1. The Actical underestimates EE of walking at constants speeds ≥1.38 m · s^–1.     

对孔子"文质观"的再认识

孔子在文学上有不少独到的认识,形成了他颇具个性的文艺思想,成为我国古代文论的发端.文章着重探讨了其"文质观",在阐释其内涵的基础上,试图结合孔子的经历思想进行分析,力图打破就"论"而论,零碎散乱的思维模式,从而全面、准确地认识、评价孔子的"文质观".     

竞技武术套路中的"形"、"意"审美分析

采用文献资料法,对竞技武术套路中的“形”美、“意”美进行辩证分析。认为：“形”美是“意”美的物质基础,“意”美通过“形”体现内在意象,两者和谐统一。“意”美是竞技武术套路创新的基础,发展的核心。含有攻防含义的“意”是一切“形”美的生命源泉;“形”的姿势美、节奏美、结构美创新是竞技武术套路发展的美键,是多角度反映“意”美的外部条件。     

Initial steps in creating a developmentally valid tool for observing/assessing rope jumping

Background: Valid motor development sequences show the various behaviors that children display as they progress toward competence in specific motor skills. Teachers can use these sequences to observe informally or formally assess their students. While longitudinal study is ultimately required to validate developmental sequences, there are earlier, pre-longitudinal steps that can be used to screen hypothesized sequences to see if they are worthy of the time and expense of longitudinal study. These same steps can also provide teachers with preliminary tools for observation/assessment. Purpose: At the request of physical educators in a midwestern suburb in the United States, the investigators screened developmental sequences for the action of arms and legs in self-turned rope jumping. The goal was to create a preliminary assessment tool that could be used in physical education classes. Participants: The physical educators took videos of 216 children attempting to jump rope. The children were 5–10 years of age. Data analysis: The investigators categorized the videos using the hypothesized developmental sequences as a checklist. The incidence of each level in the sequences was then graphed to see if the percentages of occurrence rose and fell across age as would be expected if the levels were developmentally valid. The investigators also looked at whether children who varied their behavior across trials varied only to adjacent levels in the sequences. Results: Results indicated that one hypothesized arm category was not developmental, and two leg categories needed further study in younger children. Based on these results, the investigators modified the proposed sequences and provided decision rules so teachers could use them as preliminary observation/assessment tools.