国家课程标准与框架的解读

本文致力于阐释国家课程标准的性质、框架和课程目标的陈述技术。首先 ,探讨了课程标准的性质 ,对于课程标准的规定性作了描述。然后讨论了课程标准框架的规范性陈述方式 ,并提供了我国第一个国家课程标准的框架。最后阐述了课程目标的陈述技术 ,以及学习水平与行为动词等问题     

初中地理新旧课标课程内容发生条件与行为动词的对比分析

地理课程标准作为地理教学的纲领性文件,其课程内容中的发生条件对教师的教与学生的学起到约束、指引作用,行为动词则是对学生学习水平及学习要求的反映。以《义务教育地理课程标准(2011年版)》和《义务教育地理课程标准(2022年版)》的“课程内容”部分为研究对象,对两者的发生条件及行为动词进行对比分析,得出以下结论:2022年版课标发生条件数量、频次及类型增多;行为动词的类型、种类变化大,相对应的学习水平也发生了变化,对学生的能力水平要求更高。     

论课程标准中的行为动词“探究”

现行课程标准对行为动词＂探究＂的界定并不统一,在不同目标分类系统下,行为动词＂探究＂可以指向不同的目标领域和学习水平。在不同的目标陈述方式下,行为动词＂探究＂的用法不同,发挥着不同的功能,直接影响到探究教学策略的选择。为了有效把握行为动词＂探究＂的用法,教师应该注意课程标准中行为动词＂探究＂的同义词,注意行为动词＂探究＂的学科特色、不同旨趣以及政治意蕴。     

对课程标准中"行为动词"的质疑

九个课程标准在对"行为动词"进行界定或说明时,列举的"行为动词"并非纯属行为动词.这些非行为动词的真正类别主要是心理动词,其次是表示存在、变化、消失的动词,第三是能愿动词.为了维护课程标准作为国家指导性文件的权威性,增强可操作性,界定和说明需要做如下修正:(1)删除课程标准中所列的非行为动词;(2)删掉"行为动词"中的"行为"二字;(3)不界定、不说明课程标准中的动词.     

论课程标准中的行为动词"探究"

现行课程标准对行为动词"探究"的界定并不统一,在不同目标分类系统下,行为动词"探究"可以指向不同的目标领域和学习水平.在不同的目标陈述方式下,行为动词"探究"的用法不同,发挥着不同的功能,直接影响到探究教学策略的选择.为了有效把握行为动词"探究"的用法,教师应该注意课程标准中行为动词"探究"的同义词,注意行为动词"探究"的学科特色、不同旨趣以及政治意蕴.     

准确理解思想品德课程标准中的行为动词

课程标准是国家课程的基本纲领性文件，是国家对基础教育课程的基本规范和质量要求。课程标准中的课程内容是“用尽可能清晰的行为动词从知识与技能、过程与方法以及情感态度与价值观三方面对学生的学习结果进行描述”。     

准确理解思想品德课程标准中的行为动词

课程标准是国家课程的基本纲领性文件,是国家对基础教育课程的基本规范和质量要求。课程标准中的课程内容是"用尽可能清晰的行为动词从知识与技能、过程与方法以及情感态度与价值观三方面对学生的学习结果进行描述"。之所以要用     

行为动词在思想品德课教学目标中的使用

行为动词在思想品德课堂教学目标的制定中至关重要,它标明教学目标在知识、能力和情感态度价值观三个维度的水平定位、层次差异,它对教师教学行为和学生学习行为有直接的关联作用。本文仅通过一线教师对思想品德课程标准中行为动词使用状况的分析,探究正确运用行为动词制定教学目标的策略,为一线思想品德课教师准确恰当制定课堂教学目标提供参考。     

《义务教育小学科学课程标准》课程内容动词统计分析

本研究采用指向性和显性化原则,对《义务教育小学科学课程标准》课程内容部分学习目标的动词进行统计,结果显示共使用动词40个,词频297次。按照行为动词、心理动词、情意动词对动词进行分类统计,并按照学习领域和学段对动词进行统计,数据表明学习目标的表述以行为动词为主,发现物质科学领域和技术与工程领域态度与价值观目标缺失等现象。最后从表现性评价,言语作用,知道内涵等角度提出教学建议。     

科学课标“内容要求”的动词统计分析与启示

对《义务教育科学课程标准（2022年版）》课程内容小学阶段“内容要求”的动词按“目标类型”和“学习水平”进行分类统计和分析,发现：动词使用倾向反映了课程的性质;“技术与工程”领域动词使用超常;动词分布整体符合规律,但在部分领域和学段出现缺位和错位。需重视“跨学科整合”学习,通过动词实现学习目标的进阶型式分布、行为化转换和表现性评价,促进“教-学-评”的一体化,落实学科育人总目标。     

语言学习信念研究综述

语言学习信念是个体差异的重要内容,对语言学习的影响不可低估。国内外有关语言学习信念的研究层出不穷。综观大量文献,语言学习信念的研究主要集中在以下两个层面：研究内容和研究方法。研究内容涉及：（1）语言学习信念体系研究;（2）语言学习信念与其他学习因素关系研究;（3）语言学习信念稳定性研究;（4）语言学习信念干预研究。研究方法可以分为定量研究和定性研究。特别是在国内,语言学习信念研究有待进一步深入,本文从三个层面提出了语言学习信念的研究展望。     

The curious case of climate change: Testing a theoretical model of epistemic beliefs,epistemic emotions,and complex learning

We propose a theoretical model linking students' epistemic beliefs, epistemic emotions, learning strategies, and learning outcomes. The model was tested across two studies with 439 post-secondary students from Canada, the United States, and Germany for Study 1, and 56 students from Canada for Study 2. For Study 1, students self-reported their epistemic beliefs about climate change, read four conflicting documents about the causes and consequences of climate change, self-reported their epistemic emotions and learning strategies used to learn the content, and were given an inference verification test to measure learning. Study 2 used the same procedure but added a think aloud protocol to capture self-regulatory processes and emotions as they occurred. Path analyses revealed that epistemic beliefs served as important antecedents to the epistemic emotions students experienced during learning. Students who believed that the justification of knowledge about climate change requires critical evaluation of multiple sources experienced higher levels of enjoyment and curiosity, and lower levels of boredom when confronted with conflicting information. A belief in the complexity of this knowledge was related to lower levels of confusion, anxiety, and boredom. A belief in the uncertainty of this knowledge predicted lower levels of anxiety and frustration, and a belief in the active construction of knowledge predicted lower levels of confusion. Epistemic emotions predicted the types of learning strategies students used to learn the content and mediated relations between epistemic beliefs and learning strategies. Learning strategies predicted learning outcomes and mediated relations between epistemic emotions and learning outcomes. Implications for research on epistemic beliefs, epistemic emotions, and students' self-regulated learning are discussed.     

SOLO分类理论在物理教学设计中的应用

本文通过利用SOLO分类理论分析物理学习结果和物理教学目标,指出了物理学习结果和教学目标与SOLO理论对思维层次分类之间存在一定对应关系;在此基础上,以摩擦力教学为例,应用SOLO分类理论分析学习需要和学习任务、确定教学目标、选择教学方法,结果表明把SO-LO分类理论应用于教学设计不仅是可行的,而且为教学设计提供了科学的理论指导。     

A school practitioner's response to the discussion of the Learning Outcomes Theme Group

New devolutionary powers for education have been enthusiastically seized on by politicians and policy-makers alike to promote a more integrated and holistic form of education in Scotland. This period of curriculum renewal offers the prospect of increased levels of outdoor education; however, to date there is a lack of a clearly agreed rationale for learning and clarity about how curriculum will be experienced by students. Consequently, we analyse pertinent conceptual questions about these matters through reviewing articles and policy announcements prior to advancing, in a preliminary fashion, a rationale for outdoor education which conceives of outdoor learning primarily as a moral endeavour. In developing the proposed rationale as the organising framework for learning, the article critically considers the multifarious challenges of connecting policy intentions with the authentic learning experiences of students. In so doing it discusses many of the most apparent curriculum and pedagogical barriers to learning, which have led in recent years to fragmented provision and the under-realisation of increased levels of deeply embedded and connected outdoor learning experiences.     

Students as learners through the eyes of their teachers in Rwandan higher education

In this study, we aim to explore and thematically analyze higher education teachers’ notions about the most important problems related to students’ learning, including the teachers’ notions about the approaches to learning adopted by students. The study was carried out in Rwanda with 25 university teachers engaged in group interviews. Inspired by the concepts of metaphors for learning and approaches to learning, five main categories of students’ learning problems were identified: dependence, physical and economic resources, experience of a deep approach to learning, reading culture, and previous preparation for higher education. These problems are interrelated and point to the need to understand study levels in education systems as interdependent.     

An integrative review of in-class activities that enable active learning in college science classroom settings

ABSTRACT

Engaging students in active learning is linked to positive learning outcomes. This study aims to synthesise the peer-reviewed literature about ‘active learning’ in college science classroom settings. Using the methodology of an integrative literature review, 337 articles archived in the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) are examined. Four categories of in-class activities emerge: (i) individual non-polling activities, (ii) in-class polling activities, (iii) whole-class discussion or activities, and (iv) in-class group activities. Examining the collection of identified in-class activities through the lens of a theoretical framework informed by constructivism and social interdependence theory, we synthesise the reviewed literature to propose the active learning strategies (ALSs) model and the instructional decisions to enable active learning (IDEAL) theory. The ALS model characterises in-class activities in terms of the degrees to which they are designed to promote (i) peer interaction and (ii) social interdependence. The IDEAL theory includes the ALS model and provides a framework for conceptualising different levels of the general concept ‘active learning’ and how these levels connect to instructional decision-making about using in-class activities. The proposed ALS model and IDEAL theory can be utilised to inform instructional decision-making and future research about active learning in college science courses.     

A Perspective on the Resolution of Confusions in the Teaching of Electricity

Physics continues to be widely regarded by students as difficult and therefore unattractive. Electricity is a particular problem, as it involves extremely complex and highly abstract concepts and is thus totally dependent on models/analogies/metaphors. Research consistently shows very poor student understanding after the teaching of electricity. We consider this research and draw two broad conclusions of central relevance to the teaching of electricity (which are both also argued to be significant contributors to student learning difficulties): there is an absence of any systemic consensus about what models etc. are appropriate for students at different year levels and for different intended learning outcomes; there is no consensus about appropriate learning outcomes for electricity at different levels.     

The New Direction in Educational Research: Alterable Variables

A major revolution has taken place during the past decade in educational research and our understanding of some of the factors that directly influence learning in or out of the schools. As a result, student learning can now be improved greatly and it is possible to describe the favourable learning conditions which can enable virtually all students to learn to a high standard. Researchers who were at one time concerned about providing equality of educational opportunity for students now speak of the learning conditions which can bring about virtual equality of educational outcomes for students. And such educational outcomes are at very high levels of attainment.     

初中英语分层教学学案设计案例分析

笔者通过英语A层(英语学习能力较弱的学生)、B层(英语学习能力中等的学生)和C层(英语学习能力较强的学生)的教学学案(八年级上册Unit5 Task)进行设计案例分析,分别从学习目标的设置、学习过程的安排来谈谈作为英语教师如何实施分层教学,以促进不同层次学生的英语学习能力和运用能力得到提高。