国内人际交往能力的研究述评——基于多民族混合学校学生心理素质的研究

目前国内对人际交往能力的定义一般认为是指在人际交往活动时,影响人际交往活动的效率和保证人际交往活动顺利进行的心理特征。家庭环境、社区环境和学校环境是影响人际交往能力的三种客观因素,认知、个性、情绪和交往技能是影响人际交往能力的四种主观因素。文章分别从人际交往能力与心理健康、人际交往能力与社会适应以及人际交往能力与父母教养方式三个方面阐述最新的一些研究成果。最后提出本领域研究的不足及今后应改进的方向。     

儿童、青少年人际信任的研究述评

近年来,人际信任成为国内外社会科学界的一个重要研究课题,在社会学、心理学、组织行为学等多种学科中都有大量研究成果。该文主要概述了心理学领域内有关人际信任概念界定的分歧与共识、信任建立的理论基础、测量方法,重点述评了人格特征、关系属性、家庭环境、文化背景等因素对儿童、青少年人际信任的影响以及信任与儿童青少年发展的关系,并在此基础上讨论了未来的研究方向。     

国内外英语情态系统人际意义的研究综述

英语情态范畴的研究目前已经从对词汇语法研究的角度扩展到对情态意义研究的课题中。本文对情态的定义以及分类进行了梳理归纳,概述了其人际意义及体现形式,呈现出了国内外学者对情态系统中人际意义的整体研究情况。     

Interpersonal Problem Solving : A Selective Literature Review to Guide Practice

Increasing evidence exists of the need for school professionals to be proficient in interpersonal problem solving. With the intention of providing information on how to solve a problem, literature on interpersonal problem-solving skills from various disciplines is reviewed and summarized. The review indicates that the interpersonal problem-solving process consists of five stages: (a) problem identification, (b) generation of alternate solutions, (c) decision making, (d) implementation of the solution, and (e) evaluation of the outcomes. Suggestions for carrying out each stage are enumerated. Concerns regarding the empirical base of the interpersonal problem solving literature are raised.     

抑郁青少年人际心理疗法述评

抑郁青少年人际心理疗法(IFT-A)是建立在人际心理疗法基础之上用以治疗青少年抑郁的心理疗法.经过10多年的发展,IPT-A在适用标准、治疗过程、治疗问题及治疗策略等方面形成了较为完整的体系.IPT-A的疗效也得到了实证研究的支持,成为治疗青少年抑郁的一种主要方法.     

Teaching for Social Justice and K-12 Student Outcomes: A Conceptual Framework and Research Review

Redressing educational inequity requires taking a comprehensive and systemic approach to education reform, a practice increasingly framed as “social justice (in) education.” However, while state and federal accountability mandates require any reform intended for K-12 classroom implementation to have a demonstrable impact on student achievement, published accounts of classroom-level “teaching for social justice” are widely varied and scantly evaluated. This article examines the conceptual foundations of teaching for social justice, presents a concrete framework for teaching for social justice in K-12 classrooms, and examines how elements of teaching for social justice are supported by existing research on secondary students’ academic, behavioral/motivational, and attitudinal outcomes. In conducting this review, the author hopes to provide both a rationale for teaching for social justice in K-12 classrooms and a foundation for future empirical research on how doing so affects student outcomes.     

简述半导体研究应对《十二年科学规划》的紧急措施

《十二年科学规划》是新中国第一个长期科技发展规划,它的制定和实施对我国科学和技术的发展产生了重大而深远的影响。半导体技术被列为“四项紧急措施”之一,根据“四项紧急措施”的要求,相关部门通过集中全国主要的科技力量,进行人员培养和科技攻关,在短时间内培养了一批半导体专业人才,取得了一些重要的科技成果,从而奠定了我国半导体研究快速发展的基础。     

社会心态调查研究初探

调查研究是社会心态研究比较广泛的方法。从样本特征、研究结构、统计方法三个角度回溯了社会心态调查研究,总结社会心态研究的不足以及展望未来的研究趋势。在很长的一段时期内,调查研究仍然将是社会心态研究的主流,未来研究的首要任务是找到社会心态的综合性指标。     

Teacher-Student Interactions and Teacher Interpersonal Styles: A State Space Grid Analysis

Abstract

The crucial role of teacher-student relationships has been reported in many studies. Yet, how teacher-student relationships develop from moment-to-moment interactions during lessons remains understudied. The present study combined insights from interpersonal theory and dynamic systems approaches to study indices of interpersonal content and structure in teacher-student interactions and their association with the teacher’s interpersonal style. We found that moment-to-moment teacher behavior was indeed related to student perceptions of the teacher’s interpersonal style. Indices of variability (structure) in interactions discriminated between teachers with less preferred and more preferred interpersonal styles, while, contrary to earlier research, the indicator of predictableness of interactions could not. Results are discussed considering the expectations, and suggestions made for future research and practice.     

社会心态调查研究初探

调查研究是社会心态研究比较广泛的方法。从样本特征、研究结构、统计方法三个角度回溯了社会心态调查研究,总结社会心态研究的不足以及展望未来的研究趋势。在很长的一段时期内,调查研究仍然将是社会心态研究的主流,未来研究的首要任务是找到社会心态的综合性指标。     

大学生人际交往现状的调查与思考

人际交往能力在大学生的整体素质中占有非常重要的地位,其发展水平直接影响到大学生的全面发展。通过对重庆市五所高校392名大学生的问卷调查发现,当前大学生在人际交往中存在着诸如交往动机过于功利、交往能力不强、缺乏交往的主动性和交往技巧等问题。因此,高校应引导大学生树立以人为本的交往观,培养其自主负责的道德习惯,并营造和谐的校园文化环境,以不断提升大学生的人际交往能力,构建良好的人际关系。     

Infant Attachment Insecurity and Baseline Physiological Activity and Physiological Reactivity to Interpersonal Stress: A Meta-Analytic Review

This meta-analytic review (k = 5–10; N = 258–895) examined links between attachment insecurity and physiological activity at baseline and in response to interpersonal stress elicited by separation–reunion procedures in the early life course (1–5 years). Insecurity was trivially, nonsignificantly associated with baseline physiological activity (heart rate [HR]: g = −.06; respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]: g = −.06; cortisol: g = .01) and nonsignificantly associated with physiological reactivity to separation from parents (HR: g = −.001; RSA: g = .24). However, insecurity was moderately associated with heightened RSA (g = .26) and cortisol (g = .27) reactivity upon reunion with parents. Findings provide insight into the biobehavioral organization of attachment, suggesting that early insecurity is associated with heightened physiological reactivity to interpersonal stress.     

Research Performance Indicators Based on Peer Review: A Critical Analysis

The validity of indices of departmental research performance based on three different types of peer review is critically examined. The three types of peer review under investigation are: journal peer review, grant-giver peer review, and impressionistic peer review. It is shown that, of the indices considered, only those based on journal peer review constitute true performance indicators that are capable of yielding a reasonably valid measure of departmental performance. A basic requirement of a performance indicator is that it should relate output to input. None of the indices based on grant-giver peer review or impressionistic peer review satisfies this criterion. They are therefore unable to provide the information that the UGC seeks to obtain in its 1989–90 evaluation, namely, an indication of the cost-effectiveness of departmental research programmes. On both a priori and empirical grounds, indices based on grant-giver peer review and impressionistic peer review are shown to yield unsatisfactory measures of departmental research performance. Fifteen serious defects are identified in indices based on grant-giver peer review, and nine major flaws are highlighted in indices based on impressionistic peer review. Implications for the conduct of the UGC's 1989–90 evaluation are discussed.     

大学生人际信任状况的研究

以不同性别、年级、专业大学生为研究对象,多角度地分析了当代大学生人际信任状况,结果表明:(1)在性别上当代大学生的人际信任水平总体上存在着显著性差异,女性高于男性,特别是在陌生人方面差异更为显著。(2)在年级上,一至三年级人际信任水平随年级而升高,三、四年级基本平衡,虽然四年级的人际信任得分比三年级有所下降,但差异并不显著。(3)在专业上当代大学生的人际信任水平表现出文科与体育、艺术与理科、艺术与体育上的显著性差异。     

人际冲突：理论模型与化解方式的研究

西方学者对人际冲突的研究成果主要涉及到概念界定、理论模型和化解模式三个方面。概念界定上,尽管仍然没有一个普遍意义上为学者所广泛接受的概念,但目前为止已经取得了初步的研究成果。理论模型纷繁复杂,不同的学者基于不同的角度提出了不同的相关模式。在化解方式的研究上,初步的理论框架已基本搭建完毕,但近年来也表现出了一些新的研究取向。     

Universal Design for Learning in Pre-K to Grade 12 Classrooms: A Systematic Review of Research

Some researchers have characterized Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a promising framework to provide diverse students with access to the general education curriculum, but to what extent and how have UDL-based interventions fulfilled that promise? The purpose of this review was to analyze studies that investigated impacts of UDL-based instruction on academic and social outcomes for pre-K to grade 12 students. For the 13 studies that qualified for our review, we analyzed how researchers applied UDL principles as well as outcomes and efficacy of UDL-based interventions. Results of this analysis suggest that overall, UDL-based instruction has the potential to increase engagement and access to general education curriculum for students with disabilities, and improve students’ academic and social outcomes. However, we found mixed results; the efficacy of UDL-based interventions varied considerably within and across many studies, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. In addition, we found that although authors noted that their interventions were UDL-based, there was considerable variance in how authors reported connections between specific UDL guidelines and components of their interventions.