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语言学概论练习题（下）

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2003年中考英语模拟试题

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山妹子金秋梨的主要营养成分分析

通过化学分析的方法,测试了山妹子金秋梨的主要营养成分.结果表明:该果实是一种营养丰富的水果.     

保健食品无花果加工的探索

随着果品的种类和产量的增加，人们对果品的消费不仅只看数量而且更加注重其品质和保健功效。无花果果实营养丰富，风味香甜，可食率高，并具有滋补、防病、治病和健身的功效，无花果被誉为“二十一世纪人类健康的守护神”，但无花果不耐贮藏和运输，极易腐烂，所以研究和开发生产无花果系列食品是十分必要的。本文着重介绍无花果的营养价值、加工特性及无花果果脯和果酱制品的加工技术。     

沙田柚幼果嫁接试验总结

本试验结果表明,沙田柚幼果嫁接能够平衡挂果量,增产增收,并对柚树的营养生长和生殖生长有调节作用.     

雪莲果的开发与利用探究

雪莲果是新引进的一种新型水果,通过对其生活习性研究,营养分析,进行加工利用,使其更能满足人们生活的需求．     

甜玉米的研究现状与发展

甜玉米是一种营养丰富、利用率高、适口性好、经济效益高的新型玉米，具有甜、粘、嫩、香的特点．有“水果玉米”、“蔬菜玉米”之称。从营养品质、加工利用、采收期及保鲜技术等方面对甜玉米的研究现状进行了综述。     

掌叶覆盆子繁殖与栽培管理研究概述

掌叶覆盆子,悬钩子属植物,其未成熟果实入药称覆盆子,具补肾、固精、抗氧化和抗癌等功效。成熟果实酸甜可口,富含营养,为世界粮农组织（FAO）推荐的世界第3代无公害营养保健水果。然其仍以野生为主,亟待合理繁殖和扩大栽培以满足市场需求。本文就掌叶覆盆子的生物学和生态学特性、繁殖方法、栽培管理和采收加工等方面的研究作一简要综述,并对存在的问题和研发方向进行探讨,为进一步开发利用掌叶覆盆子提供依据。     

Increased fruit and vegetable intake among older adults participating in Kentucky’s congregate meal site program

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine if the amount and variety of fruits and vegetables consumed increased among community-dwelling older adults participating in Kentucky’s congregate meal site program following a series of five nutrition education lessons. A convenience sample of older adults attending senior centers (n = 35)—two intervention (n = 19) and two control (n = 16) centers—participated in this quasi-experimental pilot study. Following the intervention there was a significant increase in actual fruit and vegetable intake in the intervention group (p < .05) as assessed by platewaste measurements of the congregate lunch meal. In addition, from pre- to post-intervention, a trend towards increased self-reported intake in the variety of fruit and vegetables was observed among the intervention group. As well, a significant increase in the number of days intervention participants self-reported consuming at least 4.5 cups of fruits and vegetables in the last 7 days (2.44 ± 2.09 days to 4.28 ± 1.99 days (p = .004)) was observed; and knowledge pertaining to phytochemicals increased (p < .05). The phytochemical index (PI) score of the lunch meal, taking into account that the older adults' consumption of meal components, including phytochemical-rich foods, was 26.9. Overall, study results indicated that a short theory-based nutrition education program offered to community-dwelling older adults was linked to an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption and phytochemical knowledge.     

Nutrition and Physical Activity Practices in Childcare Centers Versus Family Childcare Homes

Obesity rates among preschool-aged children have doubled in the past 10 years, and 60 % of these children spend the majority of their day in childcare facilities. Few studies have examined the quality of nutrition and physical activity practices in childcare centers as compared to family childcare homes. The purpose of this study is to determine if a pattern of differences exist in these two settings. As part of a CDC-funded study to reduce the obesity epidemic in young children, directors of 1,140 childcare facilities (842 out-of-home and 298 in-home) in one large county completed a survey that detailed their practices related to child nutrition and physical activity. Results showed that compared with out-of-home facilities, in-home facilities were more likely to report excellent indoor physical activity (87.2 vs. 85.5 %, p = 0.059), less likely to report excellent outdoor physical activity (92.8 vs. 96.5 %, p = 0.018), more likely to serve fruit (80.3 vs. 51.2 %), and less likely to serve 1 % milk (45.2 vs. 55 %). This study’s present findings revealed that ample opportunity exists to significantly improve the health of young children in both in-home and out-of-home facilities.     

白骨壤果实加工及其品质特性的研究

以白骨壤果实（即榄钱果）为主要原料,加工成甜酥榄钱果和五香榄钱果.结合感观评定指标,从配料、油炸温度、油炸时间等方面进行正交试验,确定甜酥榄和五香榄钱果二种最佳工艺方案,同时进行理化指标检测.结果表明,加工后的甜酥榄和五香榄二种钱果的粗脂肪质量分数分别为0.725%和136%、可溶性总糖质量分数分别为65.27%和51.40%、过氧化值分别为0.072%和0.051%,加工后的甜酥榄钱果和五香榄钱果食品粗脂肪含量、可溶性总糖含量都增加,过氧化值均未超过标准值0.25 g/100 g.     

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.