Perceptions of Physical Activity in a Group of Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Participation in regular physical activity is routinely recommended for adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), however, past research suggests that many patients are not regularly physically active. There may be a variety of reasons for this inconsistent participation. In this study, we used qualitative methods to explore attitudes toward physical activity with a focus on identifying facilitators and barriers in a small group of adolescents with CF.Methods: Ten participants with CF aged 13-17 volunteered for this study. Two, open-ended semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Participants were questioned about their current and past physical activity participation, their feelings about physical activity, and factors that made them want to be physically active or not. Participants were also questioned about their perceptions of physical activity for themselves and other adolescents with CF. Initial interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded into categories. During a follow-up interview, 3 to 4 weeks later, participants were reminded of their initial responses and allowed to elaborate or clarify their initial responses. All responses were categorized and became major themes describing facilitators and barriers to exercise.Results: All participants articulated understanding the importance of participating in physical activity for health benefits. Factors that served as facilitators to participation in physical activity included improving general or lung-specific health, as well as mental health. Barriers included general discomfort, increased lung symptoms, and disinterest.Conclusions: A group of adolescents with CF perceived positive general and lung health effects of physical activity, but also perceived barriers to participating in regular physical activity. Further work is needed to determine ways to accentuate facilitators and decrease barriers to promote regular physical activity in adolescents with CF.     

A Longitudinal Study of the Transition from Doctoral Student to Faculty Member in Physical Education

ABSTRACT

Purpose: A paucity of literature examines how doctoral students are prepared for the transition into physical education teacher education faculty roles. Given the need to understand how doctoral programs impact such preparation, we sought to investigate this process using a longitudinal approach grounded in occupational socialization theory. Method: Fourteen participants (8 males, 6 female) were interviewed during final stages of doctoral programs and their first years in faculty positions; questions focused on key socializing agents and experiences that shaped their preparation for their academic careers. Data were analyzed using a constant comparison approach entailing open and axial coding. Results: Strong advisor-advisee relationships and finding a supportive department culture during one’s first faculty position were key socializing mechanisms. Participants who independently sought research experiences transitioned more smoothly into faculty roles; however, many had heavy teaching loads which conflicted with ambitions to regularly conduct research. Further, some faculty members experienced tense sociopolitical environments which hindered their productivity and confidence in current job roles. Conclusions: Our results speak to the challenges and successes that faculty members experience as they transition into the academy. Findings have implications for further research and practice to enhance the quality of doctoral education and faculty induction programs.     

The Evidence Regarding Exercise Training in the Management of Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the evidence regarding the efficacy of exercise training in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods: Articles were found by searching PEDRO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases. Included articles involved exercise-related interventions for long-term adaptations (ie, not acute effects of exercise). Articles were excluded if the language was other than English or if other non-exercise interventions were used. Date of publication was not a factor for exclusion. Two independent reviewers evaluated the included articles using Sackett''s levels of evidence and select scoring criteria.Results: Twelve articles were eligible for inclusion. Interventions studied included various aspects of exercise training: anaerobic, aerobic, or resistance training. Study end-points included pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, strength, and health-related quality of life (HRQL).Conclusions: Exercise training in individuals with CF is beneficial, with aerobic and resistance training having the greatest support in the literature for improved aerobic capacity and strength, respectively. Exercise training does not appear to have an effect of improving pulmonary function, but may have a preservation effect. Strong conclusions about improvement in HQRL from exercise training cannot be made. However, greater consistency in measuring this outcome is needed in future trials. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the role of exercise training in reducing hospitalization and health care utilization, and questions raised by this review should be considered in the design of future trials.Key Words: cystic fibrosis, aerobic exercise, review     

福建省成年人体育锻炼现状研究

对福建省9城市15120名成年人体育锻炼的现状进行问卷调查。结果表明，成年人参加体育活动的积极性较高，经常性地参加体育锻炼已经成为许多人生活方式的组成部分，体育场馆、公园等是成年人体育锻炼常去的场所，球类、健身操、舞蹈、跑等是成年人体育锻炼的常选项目，大部分成年人有较充足的体育锻炼时间，增强体质作为体育锻炼的主要目的得到了成年人的广泛认可。     

浙江省高职体育院(系)专业设置现状及对策研究

采用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法等研究方法对浙江省高职体育院(系)专业设置情况进行综合分析,认真考察社会对高职体育人才的需求。研究结果表明目前浙江省高职体育院(系)体育类专业存在招生规模偏小;专任教师高职称比例偏低;毕业生就业质量偏低;专业培养目标不符合市场、学生需求;专业培养目标相似现象较为突出的问题。认为造成上述问题的原因主要有社会观念的影响等,并针对以上情况提出建议,以期为浙江省高职院校体育类专业的生存与发展寻求更广阔的空间提供思路。     

高校体育教学向"快乐体育"转变必要性的思考

高校体育教学向"快乐体育"教学转变很有必要性,符合社会发展对人才的要求,是学生健康发展的需要.我国高校实施"快乐体育"教学具有可行性.实施"快乐体育"教学需要正确理解"快乐体育"的含义,更新观念,提高体育教学的灵活性,提高体育教师的素质.     

高校体育教学向“快乐体育”转变必要性的思考

高校体育教学向“快乐体育”教学转变很有必要性,符合社会发展对人才的要求,是学生健康发展的需要。我国高校实施“快乐体育”教学具有可行性。实施“快乐体育”教学需要正确理解“快乐体育”的含义,更新观念,提高体育教学的灵活性,提高体育教师的素质。     

新课程标准实施下体育教师角色的嬗变与继续教育

主要通过文献资料法,对《体育与健康课程标准》颁布试行以后,体育教师应该如何转变角色以及体育教师教育问题进行了探讨,以便使体育教师尽快融入课程改革中去,找到自己与新课程的差距,对自己角色进行重新定位,在新课程实施中更好地发挥自己的职能。     

2005年与2010年武陵山区侗族成年人体质的比较研究

目的:为了解武陵山区侗族成年人的体质变化规律及其影响因素,为今后进行少数民族成人体质研究提供数据和帮助。方法:选择武陵山片区湘黔桂三省毗邻的通道侗族自治县侗族人口高度集中的牙屯堡镇和独坡乡为主要观测点,按《2005年国民体质监测工作手册》和《2010年国民体质监测工作手册》规定的内容、项目和方法进行问卷调查和体质测量,运用比较分析法对2005年和2010年侗族成年人的体质指标进行了比较分析。结果显示:侗族成人体质多数指标均值2005年与2010年比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:1)由于营养和体育锻炼的加强,侗族20～29岁青年男、女身高增长明显;由于饮食结构、饮食习惯、审美理念、体力活动、身体锻炼和不健康的生活方式等多因素的影响,侗族30～50岁青壮年男性超重或肥胖趋势明显;2)营养和卫生保健知识的普及,使侗族成人偏高的高血压患病率有所下降,总体血压指标明显向好的趋势发展;心血管机能和肺脏机能的变化趋势呈"两头大,中间小"的特点;3)生活方式的变化和重体力活的大量减少,使侗族成年男性力量素质有所下降;侗族成人快速反应能力大幅提高,现代生活方式的转变可能是主要影响因素。     

谈体育课程建设的改革与对策

论述了我校体育课程建设实施的方案和改革措施 ,并对实施过程中出现的问题提出一些建议和对策。     

试论高校体育改革与终身体育

高校体育作为国民体育的基础，对确定终身体育思想，实施终身体育教育具有重要的意义和作用，依此对高校体育存在的问题与学生终身体育意识的建立进行了探索。     

2005年广西20～59岁农民身体机能特征

通过对2005年广西20~59岁的农村成年人2509人的身体机能特征研究,为科学指导农村开展健身活动提供科学依据。结果表明:广西农民的心血管机能和呼吸机能比全国农民水平差,从40岁开始心血管机能和呼吸机能就开始明显衰退,建议40岁以上的农民加强锻炼,合理膳食,延缓心血管机能和呼吸机能的衰退,增强体质。     

在高校素质教育中体育舞蹈培养学生综合素质的研究

采用文献资料、问卷调查及数理统计法 ,对普通高校开设体育舞蹈培养学生综合素质进行研究 ,结果表明 :体育舞蹈能强身健体 ,增进健康 ,提高身体素质 ;培养正确体态 ,塑造美的形体 ;陶冶美的情操 ,提高学生的审美能力 ;扩大人际交往以及对学生的智力和心理有很大的促进作用。     

四川省2000-2014年成年人体质变化特点分析

目的:通过对比分析2000年和2014年四川省成年人体质资料,纵向观察体质变化特点,为更好开展全民健身活动提供参考,方法:采用2014年和2000年四川省国民体质监测20-59岁成年人测试数据,分析年代纵向差异与趋势.结果:2014年成年人体质达标率较2000年下降1％;2014年成年人身高、体重较2000年均有所上升,超重和肥胖率、腰围超标率较显著增加;2014年成年人肺活量、坐位体前屈、握力和闭眼单脚站立较2000年有所下降,台阶指数、选择反应时、纵跳和俯卧撑(男)/1分钟仰卧起坐(女)有所提高.结论:与2000年相比较,2014年四川省成年人身体形态指标增长较多,超重和肥胖现象较为突出,身体机能和身体素质指标成绩有升有降,整体体质水平基本保持一致.     

身体锻炼与中学生羞耻感关系的探索性研究

为了解身体锻炼对羞耻感的影响,对215名初中2年级学生进行了身体锻炼和羞耻感的问卷调查,并根据身体锻炼量表中的得分将学生分成3组,进行了对比研究。研究结果显示:身体锻炼与中学生羞耻感的4个维度以及羞耻体验之间存在着显著的负相关关系,大锻炼量对学生的个性羞耻、行为羞耻、羞耻体验有显著影响,而对身体羞耻和家庭羞耻的影响不具显著性;中锻炼量、小锻炼量组学生羞耻感存在显著的性别差异,大锻炼量组学生羞耻感性别差异不显著。