科技成果权法律保护之检讨

科技成果是产生知识产权的前提 ,但并非当然形成权利而受到法律保护 ,同时亦非自然取得科技成果权。科技成果权强调的主要是人身权或精神权利 ,与知识产权具有本质区别。科技成果要想获得法律保护 ,只有形成知识产权才能得到法律保护 ,同时应具备一定条件。知识产权与科技成果之间是包含、重叠和交叉但又非全部的关系。     

Climate changes may lead to the collapse of ancient civilizations

Studies of an international research consortium indicate that severe monsoon changes might have simultaneously accelerated the fall of two great ancient civilizations, the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), one of the most prosperous reigns in Chinese history, and the Maya civilization in Meso-America that ended in 830 AD.     

Reinforcing data bias in crisis information management: The case of the Yemen humanitarian response

The complex and uncertain environment of the humanitarian response to crises can lead to data bias, which can affect decision-making. Evidence of data bias in crisis information management (CIM) remains scattered despite its potentially significant impact on crisis response. To understand what biases emerge in complex crises and how they affect CIM, we conducted a combined interview and document analysis study. Focusing on the largest humanitarian crisis in the world, i.e., the conflict in Yemen, we conducted 25 interviews with managers and analysts of response organizations, and assessed 47 reports and datasets created by response organizations in Yemen. We find evidence of a cycle of bias reinforcement through which bias cascades between field, headquarters and donor levels of crisis response. Researchers, as well as practitioners, need to consider these underlying biases and reinforcement loops because they influence what data can be collected when, by whom, from whom, and how the data is shared and used. To the CIM literature, we contribute an in-depth understanding of how four types of data bias emerge in crises: political, accessibility, topical, and sampling bias.     

Laws and Regulations tell how to classify your data: A case study on higher education

The era of big data has promoted the vigorous development of many industries, boosting the full potential of holistic data-driven analysis, yet it has also been accompanied by uninterrupted data breaches. In recent years, especially in China, data security laws and regulations have been promulgated continuously, and many of them have made clear requirements for data classification. As the support of data security initiatives, data classification has received the bulk of attention and has been hailed by all walks of life. There is a lot of valuable information contained in the issued regulations, which has already been well exploited in the research of privacy policy compliance verification, whereas few scholars have drawn on such information to guide data classification for security and compliance. As a step towards this direction, in this paper, we define two information types: one is “regulated data” mentioned in external laws and regulations, another is “non-regulated data”, indicating internal business data produced in a certain organization, and develop a novel generalization-enhanced decision tree classification algorithm called Gen-DT to classify data. In this way, data covered by the relevant data security regulatory mandates can be quickly identified and handled in full compliance as well. Furthermore, we evaluate the proposed compliance-driven data classification scheme using datasets collected from two famous universities in China and validate that our approach can achieve better performance than existing popular machine learning techniques.     

论控制偏见的编辑制度革命———关于预注册遏制可重复性危机的机理研究

预注册的新型编辑制度革命能够控制可重复性危机,关键是承认偏见、注册偏见和能够重复偏见,并建构从科研想法到论文发表的全数据链。预注册制度遏制如下四个科研流程的偏见：一,注册上传试点数据和实验计划,构建保存和揭示确证偏见的数据基础;正式发表论文要求包括试点数据,提升了正式实验前的数据可重复性;二,增量注册所有事后发现能够控制后见之明偏见,提供重复事后发现的数据基础;三,第二次同行评议还须评估执行先前注册的数据统计方法程度,以控制地板效应、P值效应等选择性报告偏见;四,预注册制度允许发表无效结果,控制了发表偏见。     

When publications lead to products: The open science conundrum in new product development

This paper examines interdependencies between firms’ activities in the realms of open science and commercial product development. We present a theoretical framework that outlines when a firm’s involvement in academic communities enhances its innovative performance in terms of new products in development. We argue that the disclosure of more, valuable R&D work in quality scholarly publications and collaborations with academic partners positively affect firm innovation. We further hypothesize a differential effect of adopting open science strategies on the innovation type, being more pronounced for radical innovations than for incremental innovations. We empirically analyze a unique panel dataset containing information on the product innovation performance and R&D activities of 160 UK therapeutic biotechnology firms over the period 1998- 2009. Our results from count data models on the number of new products in development provide empirical support for our hypotheses.     

金融危机企业资产负债表模型对我国的适用性检验-基于动态面板数据模型的分析

摘要：本文根据我国522家制造业上市公司2001-2007年的财务数据,建立动态面板数据模型,分析了Krugman(1999)提出的金融危机企业资产负债表模型对我国的适用性。研究结论认为,在企业存在货币错配的情况下,人民币汇率波动对企业的短期信贷能力有显著的影响,但对长期信贷能力的影响还不明显。而且,这种影响是动态的,人民币汇率波动的滞后1期值比当期值对企业信贷能力的影响更加明显。因而,金融危机企业资产负债表模型对我国具有适用性。       

南水北调:在节水的基础上实施缓解北方水危机

本文从解决我国北方黄河断流与黄淮海平原地下水危机出发，讨论了南水北调工程的意义；介绍了南水北调路线方案；分析了南水北调对生态环境的主要影响；提出了南水北调水资源的统一管理的重要性；最后作者对南水北调的实施谈了一些体会。     

危机研究中的符号社会——一种生物社会学的考察视角

学术场域实际蕴含了两个社会:学者社会和学术符号社会。布迪厄关注学者社会,把符号看成学者的象征资本,从社会学角度剖析学者社会中的学科结构、学术利益和学者性向对科学研究的影响,从而探究学术场域知识生产的主观性。而本文则关注学术符号社会,以危机研究为案例,一方面把学者看作符号的生命源泉,从生物社会学角度剖析符号社会中符号的诞生、成长、竞争和繁殖,从而探究学术场域形成、发展和消亡的过程,一方面对危机研究中符号概念混乱的学术状况进行重新梳理,并试图将这些概念符号归入新的符号社会组织结构中。     

The impact of stronger intellectual property rights on science and technology in developing countries

This paper identifies some effects of the global trend towards stronger protection of intellectual property rights on developing countries, and traces related debates. Pharmaceutics, biodiversity and ethnic knowledge are critical areas of impact. ‘Trade-relating’ intellectual property might allow developing countries to be compensated, but incentive implementation of optimal compensation in the legislatures seems infeasible. Scientific communities in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to limitations of cooperation and access to information, resulting from stronger intellectual property rights protection, as their efforts to obtain normal science results must be considerable. Consequences of the Bayh-Dole Act and of the patenting of research tools on international scientific cooperation are analysed in this context.     

Post-GDPR survey of data protection officers in research and non-research institutions in Croatia: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) focuses on important elements of data ethics, including protecting people’s privacy, accountability and transparency. According to the GDPR, certain public institutions are obliged to appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO). However, there is little publicly available data from national EU surveys on DPOs. This study aimed to examine the scope of work, type of work, and education of DPOs in institutions in Croatia.Materials and methodsDuring 2020-2021, this cross-sectional study surveyed DPOs appointed in Croatia. The survey had 35 items. The questions referred to their appointment, work methods, number and type of cases handled by DPOs, the sources of information they use, their experience and education, level of work independence, contacts with ethics committees, problems experienced, knowledge, suggestions for improvement of their work, changes caused by the GDPR, and sociodemographic information.ResultsOut of 5671 invited DPOs, 732 (13%) participated in the study. The majority (91%) indicated that they could perform their job independently; they did not have prior experience in data protection before being appointed as DPOs (54%) and that they need additional education in data protection (82%).ConclusionsMost DPOs indicated that they had none or minimal prior experience in data protection when they were appointed as DPO, that they would benefit from further education on data protection, and exhibited insufficient knowledge on basic concepts of personal data protection. Requirements for DPO appointments should be clarified; mandatory education and certification of DPOs could be introduced and DPOs encouraged to engage in continuous education.     

中国法律中的森林定义——兼论法律保护森林资源生态价值的迫切性

森林的法律概念是森林立法和司法的核心,也是中国建设森林资源产权制度、推行集体林权制度改革的基础。本文系统并细致考察了中国法律、法规、政策、司法与执法解释和法律学说关于森林的法律定义,发现其存在两个层次的表达方式,即以宪法、森林法及其实施条例为核心而形成的一级森林定义体系,和以林业部门的各种规范性文件而形成的二级森林定义体系。笔者进而分析认为中国现行的森林法律定义体系存在的主要问题是：形式上,森林定义的法律文本位阶较低,正式法律规范对森林的定义过于宽泛、不够具体;实质上,现行森林法律定义缺乏对森林生态价值的关注和涵摄,现行森林立法对森林的定义过于宽泛,导致森林资源、林地和林木的法律保护在主体和权利义务上的虚化。目前,中国森林立法已从森林产业法向森林资源法、森林保护法转变,因此在《森林法》修改时应当增强森林资源的生态价值取向,构建一个价值多元的森林法律概念。     

The structure of rights in Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data

The paper has three parts. First, a survey and analysis is given ofthe structure of individual rights in the recent EU Directive ondata protection. It is argued that at the core of this structure isan unexplicated notion of what the data subject can `reasonablyexpect' concerning the further processing of information about himor herself. In the second part of the paper it is argued thattheories of privacy popular among philosophers are not able to shed much light on the issues treated in the Directive, whichare, arguably, among the central problems pertaining to theprotection of individual rights in the information society. Inthe third part of the paper, some suggestions are made for a richerphilosophical theory of data protection and privacy. It is arguedthat this account is better suited to the task of characterizingthe central issues raised by the Directive.     

创造力在企业危机管理中的运用——基于危机管理团队(CMT)的研究

首先进行了理论回顾,分析了创造力在企业危机管理团队决策过程中进行运用的可行性;然后分析了企业获得创造力的一般模型和方法;最后根据企业危机管理团队决策的不同步骤的需要设计获得创造力的方法。研究表明,企业危机自身所具有的特点决定了传统决策方法在应对危机时的局限性,创造力在企业危机管理中的运用可以帮助获得符合危机情景的可行的危机处理方案。