高等教育研究：多学科的角度

文章通过对《从高等教育新论－多学科的研究》和《多学科观点的高等教育研究》两书的比较,得出高等教育研究应该从高等教育活动的实践出发,使用多学科的观点来揭示高等教育现象,探索高等教育活动规律,以便指导高等教育的改革和发展。     

Conditioned demand and professional response

This article draws attention to two basic features of British higher education which may influence the workability of certain Leverhulme proposals. These are vertical integration and professionalism. It is suggested that a consideration of these is crucial given the nature of the Leverhulme strategy. Many of the Leverhulme proposals are grounded in assumptions about the behaviour of institutions and actors in British higher education. An examination of vertical integration and professionalism in the system indicates that such assumptions may be unfounded. The discussion focuses both on how the proposals themselves are shaped by the professionalism of British higher education, and on how the feasibility of the proposals may be affected by the system's vertical integration and professionalism. Both the basic proposals of Leverhulme as a whole as well as of the monographs on access, teachers and learning, and institutional change are examined. In concluding it is noted that the treatment of vertical integration and professionalism provide policy makers and reformers with important levers of control to grasp in the future.The author is a Postdoctoral Research Scholar with the Comparative Higher Education Research Group at the UCLA Graduate School of Education.     

论教育性的高等教育质量观

高等教育质量观是人们对高等教育质量的基本看法和基本观点,体现了人们对高等教育发展程度的立场。多维的研究视角和丰硕的高等教育质量观研究成果,丰富了高等教育质量观的内涵,拓宽了研究的视域,但也导致了高等质量观迷失本性的深刻危机。回归教育性,体现教育的主体性意义和价值,是高等教育质量观的本然诉求。教育性高等教育质量观关注高等教育的内在规定性和终极价值,将人置于中心位置,反映了高等教育内部的教育要素、教育过程和教育品性。     

Comparing HE policies in Europe

The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for a comparative analysis of Higher Education policies that enables us to investigate the explanatory power of structural characteristics of politico-administrative systems. The policies that are studied aim at improving the efficiency and quality of institutional performance. The paper focuses on policy trends in higher education in the eight countries in the study. It discusses how the literature on comparative political and administrative systems can help formulate assumptions about public policy making and policy change. The ideas that are developed are then applied to public reform policies in general and in the area of higher education in particular, followed by a test of the assumptions on available data on reform outcomes in the countries involved. The data indicate that a comparative politico-administrative perspective is potentially useful with regard to explaining cross national variation in higher education reform policies in Europe.     

Understanding the higher education student in Europe: a comparative analysis

Higher education is of considerable importance to policymakers across Europe. Indeed, it is viewed as a key mechanism for achieving a range of economic, social and political goals. Nevertheless, despite this prominence within policy, we have no clear understanding of the extent to which conceptualisations of ‘the student’ are shared across the continent. To start to redress this gap, this article explores four key aspects of contemporary higher education students’ lives, considering the extent to which they can be considered as, variously, consumers, workers, family members and political actors. On the basis of this evidence, it argues that, despite assumptions on the part of European policymakers that there are now large commonalities in the experiences of students across Europe – evident in pronouncements about Erasmus mobility and the operations of the European Higher Education Area – significant differences exist both between and within individual nation-states.     

21世纪初国外高等教育研究的主题——对英国《高等教育研究》2001-2006年的文章分析

由英国高等教育研究会主办的《高等教育研究》,是旨在促进高等教育发展,提升高等教育质量,且在高等教育研究领域具有全面性、独特性和权威性影响的国际性标准期刊。2001—2006年的《高等教育研究》论文选题和内容的研究与分析表明,世纪初国外高等教育研究的主题主要集中于以下几个方面:"大学本科教学与课程研究"是国外高等教育研究的最热门领域,"大学生研究"将成为国外高等教育研究的重要论题,"大学教师研究"则保持不断增长的势头,"大学管理与高等教育政策研究"会越来越受到重视,"研究生教育研究"的领域将会不断扩展。     

Bologna 2010. The Moment of Truth?

Government policies are central factors shaping the environment of higher education institutions. European governments have included in their higher education political strategies the principal goal of implementing the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The perceptions that key actors of higher education institutions (HEIs) have about political developments are important as they may influence the achievement of government policy. The Bologna Process is at the heart of policy coordination, the instrument selected at European and national levels to establish EHEA. This article seeks to discuss empirically the views of institutional actors about the Bologna Process, taking into consideration the achievement of EHEA. The discussion is based on the analysis of the EHEA implementation in seven HEIs located in four higher education systems — Germany, Italy, Norway and Portugal. This paper draws on the theoretic-methodological approach of the policy cycle to analyse the perceptions of HEIs' constituencies about Bologna.     

Transfer Student Graduation Efficiency and University Administrators: New Bedfellows

Accountability is an important focus for nearly all-public higher education institutions. In 1997 the Washington State Legislature mandated an accountability measure designed to encourage public universities to increase student efficiency toward graduation. This accountability measure is assessed by a formula called the Graduation Efficiency Index. This qualitative study details the Graduation Efficiency Index's conception and ramifications for public higher education institutions. It further examines university administrators' perceptions of the Graduation Efficiency Index and transfer students' impact on the ability of three public institutions to meet mandated accountability goals. We include implications for practice. Susan Poch is the Director of the Student Advising and Learning Center at Washington State University. She holds a Ph.D. in Education Leadership, Higher Education from Washington StateUniversity. Her research focuses on the policy and practice of student transition. Mimi Wolverton is Professor of Higher Education at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Her areas of research include leadership, organizational change and organizational effectiveness. She holds an M.B.A. and Ph.D. in Education Leadership from Arizona State University.     

The governance of the South African higher education system: balancing state control and state supervision in co-operative governance?

The publication of the National Commission for Higher Education (NCHE) in 1996 was hailed as the first systematic attempt to map out a policy terrain for higher education in South Africa since the elections of April 1994. Its recommendations, particularly on the governance of higher education, elicited much discussion and debate. The debate continued (and continues) with the publication of the Green and White Papers, the Bill on Higher Education, and the Higher Education Act (HEA) in late 1997.This paper explores and seeks to clarify the emerging model of educational governance that has been accepted by the Ministry of Education in South Africa as the basis for managing and transforming the inherited system of higher education. Specifically, the paper considers the philosophy of “co-operative governance” and the governance recommendations of the NCHE Report and the HEA. These documents are examined in relation to state control and state supervision models of higher education governance. The paper concludes by considering the politics of policy development in the transformation of the South African higher education governance system.     

Realising Policy: The who and how of policy production

This paper identifies a number of strategies employed by policy actors in the production of Australian higher education entry policy during the period 1987 to 1996, with a particular focus on the production of Queensland higher education entry policy text in 1990 (Viviani, 1990, The Review of Tertiary Entrance in Queensland, 1990 , Department of Education, Queensland). The paper begins from the premise that while policy is often intended to be read as if spoken with a single voice, suggesting rational debate and (then) consensus among policy producers, it is more cogently understood as the product of struggle and conflict. Informed by 27 semi-structured interviews with politicians, political advisers, bureaucrats, academics, institutional administrators and independent authorities, the paper addresses the temporary settling of these actors' struggles and conflicts in contexts of policy making through strategies of negotiation. Rather than providing a sequential account of higher education policy that weaves its way through these negotiations, as grand narrative, the paper is more sporadic in its representations of strategies, identifying them in 'local' and specific knowledges and practices. Drawing on Foucault, what emerges is both an archaeology and genealogy of policy production (Gale, 2001, Journal of Education Policy , 16(5), pp. 379-393).     

Foreign policies of U.S. higher education institutions: Accident or design?

Based on a content analysis of The Chronicle of Higher Education from 1984 to 1989, the authors find that current foreign policy decisions of higher education institutions are being made reactively within four policy arenas: research, students, investments, and academic programs. The authors conclude that a comprehensive foreign policy should be included in an institution's strategic planning process.He has served recently as Visiting Professor of Higher Education at the University of Georgia. Previously he was Director of the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education. Carolyn P. Griswold has a M.Ed. from Georgia State University and is a doctoral candidate in the Institute of Higher Education at the University of Georgia. Phyllis Wyatt-Woodruff is Director of Enrollment at Paine College and a doctoral candidate in the Institute of Higher Education at the University of Georgia. Patricia Gregg is on the staff of Clayton State College and is a doctoral candidate in the Institute of Higher Education at the University of Georgia.     

NCLB与美国教育政策研究机构发展——以范德堡大学国家择校研究中心为例

不让一个孩子掉队(NCLB),作为引导美国基础教育改革的重要政策,其推行催生和带动了美国教育政策研究机构的发展.本文以首期成立的范德堡大学国家择校研究中心为例,尝试探讨教育改革与教育政策研究机构之间的互动关系.文章从拨款与问责、组织形式、组织职能和研究绩效等方面分析了其运作机制,认为竞争性的资助政策、严格的问责制度、多元机构的跨学科研究合作,是教育改革和教育政策研究机构良性互动的制度基础.     

Transformation impossible: policy,evidence and change in South African higher education

Higher Education - A quarter of a century after South Africa’s transition to democracy, the rhetoric of ‘transformation’ remains firmly ingrained in its higher education policy...     

应用型本科教育:理想图景与现实困境

应用型本科是以专业为中心、安于教学中心地位、以为地方区域经济发展培养综合性应用型人才的高等教育类型,是以学科为中心、以培养拔尖创新人才的研究型大学和以技能和职业为中心、以培养基础技能型人才的高职院校的重要补充。但从现实来看,数量比重最大、历史状况复杂的应用型本科处在"985"、"211"高校与高职"211"的夹缝地位,目前尚没有专门的细化分类研究,应用型本科要在理论上获得自治、名称上响亮打出旗号,运行上得到"名正言顺"、"名副其实"的政策与资源支持,尚需要国家、省市级政府以及学校自身在内外部治理各方面进行改革。     

The Latest Publications of the Research Institute for Higher Education of the Russian Federation

The Research Institute for Higher Education of the Russian Federation in Moscow celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 1999. Over the years, its staff members have conducted a variety of research projects on aspects of Russian and foreign higher education that have subsequently been published. It has also been producing such recurring publications as the Annual Report on the Development of Higher Professional Education . The following short essay introduces the reader to the variety of activities, particularly the publication activities, of this Research Institute.     

Whose curriculum is it anyway? Stakeholder salience in the context of Degree Apprenticeships

A Degree Apprenticeship model has recently been introduced into the United Kingdom (UK) Higher Education system as part of wider changes to vocational training. The system has experienced numerous rapid changes in regulation and funding, and it is now little understood by many stakeholders. Distinguishing different phases in UK Higher Education, and using a salience model as a lens for analysis, this article identifies and examines stakeholders with regards to their influence on the Higher Education curriculum. The new Degree Apprenticeship model is funded by an employer payroll levy and it requires Higher Education institutions to deliver training to specific standards. This research explores the implications of the model for the Higher Education curriculum, concluding that the direct involvement of employers in the design and delivery of vocational Higher Education introduces untried elements into UK Higher Education on the assumption that the funding requirement will lead to a change in employer behaviour. This, coupled with the opening of Higher Education provision to private providers, transfers power over the curriculum to those with potentially no commitment to wider public values, and may offer a threat to the international standing of UK Higher Education. This article contributes to research in understanding how Higher Education systems respond to, and actors cope with, imposed change.     

Times, Measures and the Man: the Future of British Higher Education Treated Historically and Comparatively

This article is a tribute to the life work of Maurice Kogan. Very little of higher education's landscape in the United Kingdom has remained unchanged over the past four decades and this article sets out to analyze the way the perception of the role of universities in society has changed in the intervening period. This it does through three perspectives: continuity and change, continuity in change and continuity in the midst of change. Each yields very different visions of the university. Against this ‘inside’ view, the second part of the article examines current British higher education policy from an ‘outsider’ standpoint and very particularly the current strategies towards the European Higher Education and Research Areas. It concludes by arguing that Britain's higher education policy vis a vis Europe re‐states a dilemma which these Islands have had to tackle for the best part of the past 250 Years. This dilemma is whether to lay priority on higher education as a global instrument or to endorse a more limited, less ambitious agenda of ‘European’ integration.     

Why transitional public relations methodologies are needed for the reform of higher education in the countries of central and eastern Europe

This essay reflects upon the themes that emerged from the “Public Relations—An Instrument for the Transformation and Development of Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe” seminar, for which the articles appearing in this issue of Higher Education in Europe were originally prepared. The transitional public relations approach, which was developed and introduced to the world public relations literature by the author, is used to analyze the impact of this type of public relations on the reform of higher education in the former communist countries of Europe. The main conclusion is that, in view of the common communist heritage of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the application of public relations strategies and instruments in higher education accelerates and facilitates reform of this key area of the economy and also causes it to become more effective. The above statement is particularly valid for private universities.     

2000-2004年中国教育研究热点与关键词——基于CSSCI的统计分析

关键词出现频次的变化,可以从一个方面透露出研究热点的形成和转移。对CSSCI所收集的教育研究论文关键词数据的分析表明,2000-2004年间,“课程与教学论”是教育研究最热门的领域,“教育信息化”则保持了快速增长的势头;“高等教育”成为教育研究中的“显学”;“素质教育与创新教育”研究论文一度层出不穷,随后则明显下降。我国教育研究热点的形成,与国家宏观教育决策、国际教育学发展前沿领域和世界教育发展潮流密切相关;国家政策的改变或研究难以深入,往往导致研究热点转移或兴趣消退。