浅议合资铁路及其管理模式

文章分析了我国合资铁路建设现状及特点,介绍了几种运营管理模式,指出了合资铁路运营管理中需要注意的问题。     

麻省理工学院人工智能专业课程研究

随着时代的进步与科技的发展,人工智能(Ar t if i ci al I nt el l i gence)简称AI,越来越受到人们的重视,并且渗透到人类生活的方方面面,人工智能是支持日常社交生活和经济活动的重要技术。它对经济的可持续增长有显著的贡献,解决了各种社会问题。美国麻省理工学院(MI T)是美国的研究型私立大学,在世界上有很重要的影响,是对全球高科技和先进的研究具有开拓性的大学,具备领先世界一流的计算机科学和人工智能实验室及世界领先的媒体实验室。     

麻省理工学院技术转移成功因素分析

麻省理工学院(MIT)是开展技术转移较早的大学,其技术转移工作成绩斐然。通过对推动MIT技术转移成功的三个关键因素的深入分析,提出了一些对我国高校技术转移工作改革的建议。     

The 2007 Benjamin Franklin medal in materials engineering, Presented to Merton C. Flemings, Sc.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

The second half of the twentieth century marked the emergence of metal casting, also known as solidification processing, as a field for scientific and engineering inquiry. Merton C. Flemings is recognized internationally for his pioneering work in this field resulting in the development of fundamental understanding and novel processes of commercial importance. Amongst his work is semi-solid metalworking (SSM), an environmentally friendly process, which has led to the development of a new world-wide industry providing lightweight, affordable metallic castings for applications ranging from aerospace, to sporting goods, to consumer electronics.     

铁路、公路与民航在货运量和里程上的实证分析

本文首先对交通建设的意义进行阐述,在回顾了诸学者的文献后,运用实证分析的方法检验了铁路、公路与民航的里程与货运量之间的关系。研究结果表明,里程对于货运量具有正向的影响,其中铁路里程的增加对货运量增加的影响最大,建议国家相关部门加强铁路的建设。     

2008 Benjamin Franklin medal in life science is Presented to Victor Ambros, Ph.D. (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts), Gary Ruvkun, Ph.D. (Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts) and David Baulcombe, Ph.D., FRS (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK)

The discovery of small RNAs that can turn off genes has given us a new way to think about how genes are regulated. These molecules are present in all complex organisms and are thought to regulate upwards of 30% of human genes. Due to their small size, their discovery was surprisingly recent and was underappreciated initially. Beginning with two back-to-back papers published in 1993, the labs of Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun reported the first small RNA (now known as a microRNA or miRNA) and how it regulated a target mRNA in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans through base-pairing interactions. It took until 1999 for another report to document novel small RNAs in complex systems, when David Balcoumbe discovered similarly sized molecules, now known as small interfering RNAs or siRNAs, that were associated with shutting off or “silencing” genes in plants. A frenzy of reports on small RNAs and their roles in turning off genes ensued with many researchers including Ambros, Ruvkun, and Baulcombe prominently participating. Almost instantly it became clear that small RNAs were not a quaint oddity exclusive to the worm, and molecular biology was never the same. Now we know that these molecules are critical for normal growth and development, are associated with cancer and other diseases, and have tremendous applied potential to improve agriculture and human health.     

Staggered boards and product innovations: Evidence from Massachusetts State Bill HB 5640

In this paper, we empirically investigate how staggered boards, a prevailing governance structure of high-tech firms, influence firms’ product innovations in the United States. We explore a quasi-natural experiment of a legislation change in Massachusetts that forced the adoption of staggered boards in 1990 for the causal effect of staggered boards. We find that, when compared with firms in other states, Massachusetts-incorporated firms without staggered boards before 1990 perform better with respect to product innovations once they adopt staggered boards after 1990. The positive effect of staggered boards on product innovations is stronger for firms with higher takeover vulnerability, with higher institutional ownership, and in industries with higher advertising expenditures. Such a positive effect is consistent with staggered boards’ long-term orientation and is further confirmed by treated firms’ better product quality after 1990.