The cubicle warrior: the marionette of digitalized warfare

In the last decade we have entered the era of remote controlled military technology. The excitement about this new technology should not mask the ethical questions that it raises. A fundamental ethical question is who may be held responsible for civilian deaths. In this paper we will discuss the role of the human operator or so-called ‘cubicle warrior’, who remotely controls the military robots behind visual interfaces. We will argue that the socio-technical system conditions the cubicle warrior to dehumanize the enemy. As a result the cubicle warrior is morally disengaged from his destructive and lethal actions. This challenges what he should know to make responsible decisions (the so-called knowledge condition). Nowadays and in the near future, three factors will influence and may increase the moral disengagement even further due to the decrease of locus of control orientation: (1) photo shopping the war; (2) the moralization of technology; (3) the speed of decision-making. As a result, cubicle warriors cannot be held reasonably responsible anymore for the decisions they make.     

新时代催生着新经济的出现

随着时代的演进以及科学的进步,伴随人类而产生的经济活动也在不断发展中。根据现实和未来预测,今后经济发展将会出现如下几种模式。一、集群经济在生态学上,不同族群因彼此依存关系,而“共生”同一栖所。在现代产业系统中,不同企业组织为了生存和发展,也形成了“共生”关系,从而产生了集群经济。