Recent progress in the chemistry of the sugars

This paper reviews the work of Emil Fischer upon sugars and ferments. The synthesis of monoses, disaccharides and glucosides are described. The fermentation of the sugars and the action of the various inverting enzymes are discussed, as is also the lock-and-key theory of enzyme action. The splitting of racemic sugar derivatives into their active components, and asymmetric syntheses within the sugar group are also considered.     

Visualizing a protein's sugars

<正>As the Human Genome Project was declared complete in the early 21th century,it was obvious that the human genome contains fewer genes than previously predicted[1].Soon scientists realized that the biodiversity and complexity observed in humans cannot be simply explained by numbers of genes nor by the size of the human genome.Many other     

浙江省中心城区竞争力综合评价与分析

以浙江省中心城市市区经济为研究对象,构建浙江省城区竞争力综合评价指标体系,从综合经济实力、资金实力、开放程度、人才及科技水平、基础设施等5个方面共14项指标,运用主成分分析原理和方法,采用SPSS统计软件对2004年度数据进行统计分析,得出浙江省城区竞争力综合评价函数,并对浙江省中心城区竞争力进行了综合评价与分析。     

纳米能源领域技术发明能力比较研究

鉴于能源短缺和环境问题,纳米能源科技备受世界各国关注。本文将纳米能源技术划分为八个领域,基于德温特专利数据库收集了1991-2015年间的纳米能源各领域的专利数据,采用专利计量的方法进行分析,探讨纳米能源各技术领域技术的总体分布、结构分布、时间序列分布、地域分布以及技术热点等。研究发现:纳米能源各领域的技术活动呈现不均衡性发展;中国、美国、日本和韩国是纳米能源各领域技术活动的强国;各领域技术能力分布存在差异且技术热点不同。在未来的发展中,中国应巩固和增强现有的技术优势,实现各领域均衡协调发展。     

长白山森林土壤剖面氨基糖的分布

研究了长白山土壤剖面中3种氨基糖的垂直分布规律及其对土壤有机质库的贡献,样品采自长白山北坡3个样点(海拔分别为600m,1680m和2580m).3种氨基糖对总氨基糖的贡献为氨基葡萄糖>氨基半乳糖>胞壁酸,剖面中氨基糖的含量及氨基糖对土壤有机质的贡献,在表层土壤中随土壤剖面深度增加而增加,但在矿质层中规律不同.不同纬度的氨基葡萄糖/胞壁酸比值与氨基葡萄糖/氨基半乳糖比值不同,说明它们来源于不同的微生物种群.     

产业集群知识创新机制的一个新视角——基于知识发酵理论研究

我国许多地方通过产业集群提高了产业竞争优势,拉动了地方经济的增长。产业集群拥有强大的知识创新能力,因此研究产业集群知识创新机制对于提高产业竞争力和促进区域经济的发展具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。文章借助仿生学原理,运用知识发酵理论阐述了产业集群知识创新SEC I过程各要素构成,弥补了当前有关知识创新理论的不足,为产业集群知识创新提供了一种新的思路和理论框架。     

两年制硕士研究生科研论文能力的探讨

针对两年制硕士研究生科研论文能力的培养,根据科研论文工作时间较短的特点,提出了从论文选题突出研究生科研能力培养,为研究生提供良好的论文工作科研环境,保证研究生有充足的时间投入论文科研工作等3方面加强培养研究生科研能力的建议。     

OECD国家知识增长动力模型与科技知识生产量测算

运用知识计量学的基本思想,从科技知识计量指标(论文、专利等)的增长主要受到科技系统的繁殖力、创造力和环境影响力三种力的作用的角度,作者提出了评价论文和专利这两个科技知识计量指标的动力增长模型,并用此模型构造了知识生产函数。论文采用的样本为21个OECD国家从1995年到2000年的相关数据,并对这些国家知识生产量的评价结果进行了分析。     

制造业服务化绩效的生成逻辑:基于企业能力理论视角

制造业向服务化战略转型已深受业界关注。但对制造业服务化战略转型过程中应具备何种企业特殊能力以支撑制造企业服务化战略成功转型这一问题在过往研究中没有引起足够重视。本文拟从企业能力理论出发,以制造业企业服务化战略转型过程中应具备何种相关特殊类型能力以支撑制造企业服务化绩效的实现为研究视角。通过对珠三角、长三角、华中经济区200家不同行业的典型制造业服务化企业的数据收集与整理。研究发现：与制造业服务化战略类型保持相对匹配的企业特定情境能力在对制造业企业服务化战略成功转型中扮演积极的影响作用。     

国家自主创新示范区“四力”甄选体系与应用

通过对高新区示范能力关联要素的理论遴选和实证筛选,从载体支撑力、自主创新力、国际竞争力和集聚辐射力四个维度,设计了国家自主创新示范区“四力”甄选指标体系,并采用均衡判别模型和威弗组合指数构建了综合甄选模型;以2007-2011年指标均值为依据对56个国家高新区进行了“四力”甄选的实证应用,确定国家自主创新示范区最佳创建数量为7个,选定北京、上海、武汉、广州、成都、天津和西安为重点建设对象,并结合各高新区“四力”强弱提出了强化示范效应的政策建议;“四力”甄选体系的构建,以期为高新区示范能力诊断和国家自主创新示范区创建提供一种合理有效的评价工具.     

Lectin in agglutination and its role in detection of sugars on the surface of RBC of normal and cancer patients

In the present studies the property of Lectins as agglutinin and to bind sugars in the blood on normal and cancer cervix patients has been studied. Out of 36 lectins extracted from the seeds of various plants, 25 were non-specific haemagglutinins and 11 were non-reactive with the RBC of normal persons. The titre value greatly varied from 1∶4 to 1∶4096. The titre value of RBC of patients of carcinoma cervix (Stage III) was compared with the normal person’s RBC. Out of 25 non-specific haemagglutinins 16 lectins did not show any difference in titre value. Nine lectins agglutinated RBC of cancer patient at a higher dilution than the normal. On the contrary, 3 lectins agglutinated the cancerous patient’s RBC at a higher concentration than the normal (Control). Sugar specificity of 25 non-specific haemagglutinins was tested with 13 sugars separately. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) reaction showed marked difference in the RBC of normal and in carcinoma cervix patient. Four marked reactions were noticed. RBC of normal (N) and carcinoma patient (C) with positive HI reaction (C₊/N₊), with negative HI reaction (C_?/N_?); with C positive and N negative HI reaction (C₊/N_?) and with C negative and N positive HI reaction (C_?/N₊). Three lectins were specific to sugar moieties.Vicia faba JV II showed dissimilarity with fructose and glucose moiety and also indicated that cellulose is common in both RBC of normal and cancer cervix patient.Triticum vulgare lectin showed the difference in cellulose moiety.Linum usitatissimum lectin showed the difference in lactose moiety and indicated that melibiose is present in both. It was also observed that mannose gave positive HI reaction with lectins ofR. communis, L. esculentus, P. sativum, P. sativum Pusa 10,P. sativum R?1,D. lablab, A. indica, H. vulgare andZ. mays in the blood of cancer cervix patient suggesting that mannose perhaps is present in the RBC while it may not be present in the normal person’s RBC. Raffinose also gave the positive HI reaction with cancer patient’s blood and not with the normal person’s blood.     

Absorptive capacities approaches for investigating national innovation systems in low and middle income countries

This review article covers some of the founding literature that helps develop our understanding of the National Innovation System (NIS) concept. Subsequently, several versions of NIS, including system-functional approaches, are discussed and compared with narrow research and development (R&D) and market-based approaches. Finally, the article contends that the system-functional and other narrow approaches are limited in application to the developing low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, it makes a case for more inclusive absorptive capacity approaches and explains how they might be more relevant in investigating the NIS of an LMIC. Such approaches suggest LMICs be strategic in building their innovation base and plead for strong local conditions (capacities) to produce knowledge as well as capture and improvise on incoming knowledge from abroad. The research is important as it provides insights into analyzing and capturing innovation processes in LMICs, which are prime candidates for development and innovation studies and practice.     

The innovative performance of firms in heterogeneous environments: The interplay between external knowledge and internal absorptive capacities

This paper investigates the link between firm-level innovative performance and innovation prone external environments where knowledgeable individuals tend to cluster. Organizational ambidexterity and absorptive capacities (potential and realized) make it possible for firms to leverage the availability of external knowledge and boost their innovation performance. The empirical analysis focuses on England and is based on a novel combination of Community Innovation Survey (CIS) firm-level data and patent data. The results show that only firms complementing potential and realized absorptive capacities are able to take advantage of favorable external environments by actively combining internal and external sources of knowledge.