Carbon fibre comes of age

In the autumn of 1963 Bill Watt, Bill Johnson and myself planned at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, the series of experiments which led to the discovery in the following spring of high-strength, high modulus carbon fibres and their composites. These results were made public in June 1966, just twenty-one years ago: thus, by the old-fashioned definition carbon fibres have this year attained their majority. In the meantime much research and development work has been done, resulting in vigorous commercial application in many fields. What was no more than a promising new substance twenty-one years ago has become an established, if rather specialized, engineering material. This is, therefore, an appropriate moment to summarise recent history and consider future prospects.     

甜橙果肉膳食纤维与水解酶活性的变化研究

以果肉质地差异的明显 "罗伯逊脐"和"伏令夏"橙为试材,研究了果实发育中果肉膳食纤维、PE、PG和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的动态变化.结果表明:1)两品种质地组成的变化趋势均为ADF、NDF、CEL和HC随果实的发育逐渐下降,而果胶和SDF上升;罗脐的ADF、NDF、CELL、HP和HC含量显著低于伏令夏橙,WSP和SDF反之;2)PG在幼果期和成熟前活性高;PE和β-葡萄糖苷酶均为逐渐上升趋势,成熟时略降;3)品种间水解酶活性与其变幅均为罗脐大于伏令夏橙;4)ADF、NDF、CEL、HP和HC含量的不同和变幅是造成甜橙果肉质地差异显著的主要原因;PE是影响果肉质地的主要水解酶类,β-葡萄糖苷酶与PE共同影响伏令夏橙的质地.     

某棉纤维生产车间防雷防静电技术探析

通过对粉尘车间的生产流程及防雷防静电措施现状的调查和分析,指出现有防雷防静电装置中的缺陷,并提出了整改建议,已采取的措施取得了明显的效果。     

FSO关键技术及其在光纤网络备份中的研究

本文提出一种将FSO技术用在光纤网络备份中，以锦州市宽带网为设计背景对该技术进行应用。分析了锦州市的天气情况，从可靠性、接入速率、系统功率富余量方面对锦州市宽带部分节点进行无线光通信备份设计。结果表明，满足光通信系统可靠性和传输质量的要求，同时具有接入速率高、施工周期短、安装使用方便、成本低等优点。对FSO用户在配置通信系统的时候具有指导意义和参考价值。     

Patenting and inventive activity on synthetic fibre intermediates

The demand-pull theory of invention and innovation has drawn much of its support from the work of Jacob Schmookler on patent time series. In this work, Schmookler found no evidence that scientific discoveries or major inventions had provided the stimulus for important inventions. However, it is argued here that his method was not well designed to detect such effects.Any effect of a particular scientific or technological development is likely to occur in a rather narrow area of technology, so that detection of science-push and technology-push will be favoured by the examination of narrow areas of inventive activity. Manufacturing processes for groups of chemical products subject to similar demand-side factors provide convenient such areas.In this study time series of patents on processes for eight intermediates for synthetic fibres have been examined. They are not consistent with a simple demand-pull theory, but rather with the view that inventive activity is affected both by demand and by technological opportunity. Two of the intermediates have been examined in detail, and evidence has been presented that in one case a major invention arose from science-push and in the other one arose from technology-push.