试论手机媒体内容的信息网络传播权

当前,手机已成为继报刊、广播、电视、互联网之后被公众所广泛认知的"第五媒体",即手机媒体。手机媒体内容作为无可置疑的著作权法涵盖客体是手机媒体传播的主要对象,其信息网络传播权因手机媒体传播方式的多样性而受到巨大威胁。手机媒体内容信息网络传播权研究是著作权法学理论应用于手机媒体领域中的一项重要课题。文章以手机媒体内容的作品性为研究基点,探讨其信息网络传播权的内涵与特征,进而界定了常见的侵权行为。     

科研团队学术交流与学科服务设计

以研究所科研用户为调查对象,通过问卷调查了解科研团队内学术交流现状、存在的问题、影响因素和需求。调查结果显示,目前科研用户均有强烈的交流意愿,能利用网络工具有效地获取信息,使用多种交流工具,但是团队交流仍然是采用比较传统的组会和面对面的方式,在信息共享和存储上较少利用有效的网络工具。学科馆员可以在团队许可下,介入科研团体的学术交流,发挥信息服务的优势,担当信息中介人,帮助构建科研信息环境平台,有针对性地提供各类科研资讯,从而促进团队科研交流的深化。     

Reaching a Moving Target: How Local TV Stations are Using Digital Tools to Connect With Generation C

Local television in the United States is experiencing dramatic changes due to shifts in viewership and digital technologies. This study examined the extent to which a sample of local television stations in the United States are meeting the demands and needs of Generation C/Millennials through the use of social media, mobile technology, and other online communication tools. The major finding of this study was that television stations have a growing repertoire of social media and other connectivity tools with which to engage their viewers, but that stations in larger markets are making fuller use of interactive technologies.     

情报学与传播学理论比较研究——以信息交流为轴线的探析

从基础理论层面的理论来源、研究对象、研究任务与内容、分支理论层面的媒介与符号研究、内容分析、受众/用户研究、效果研究7个方面，对情报学及传播学相关理论进行比较分析，勾勒出两者的主要相同、相似、联系及区别之处，以期为情报学研究借鉴传播学理论及指导专业实践提供启示。     

科技期刊传播学研究的6个层面

作为科技期刊学的重要分支学科,科技期刊传播学研究是21世纪科技期刊研究的发展方向之一.以传播学理论为依据,提出以科技期刊传播学原理、传播主体、传播媒介、传播内容、传播对象和传播效果研究等6个研究层面构成的科技期刊传播学的学科框架.     

Strategic communication? Measurement and evaluation of Twitter use among municipal governments

Government entities utilize social media to communicate with primary, secondary, and tertiary constituents. The microblog Twitter serves as a rapid and inexpensive means of communication, allowing municipal governments to reach a large and diverse audience with limited time or resource costs. Lacking in the existing research are examinations of whether governments are using social media outlets like Twitter as strategic communication tools or merely as ad-hoc communication outlets. By applying the Barcelona Principles 3.0 as the theoretical framework, this study explores whether U.S. municipalities measure and evaluate their Twitter activity as part of a formal communications process informed by modern public relations standards, an whether differences in municipal resources and demographics predict the integration of social media measurement and evaluation. The results suggest that while formal communication plans are reported to exist, there is not a sufficient presence of goals, policies, procedures, and metrics to consider Twitter a formal, strategic communication tool for participating municipalities. Total population and the administrative role of the social media account manager were also found to impact the perception of defined procedures and specific assessment metrics. Though these results suggest a lack of formal integration of social media measurement and evaluation, more research is needed to explore the factors which may impact this situation.     

Toward a typology of government social media communication: Democratic goals,symbolic acts and self-presentation

Social media have provided new environments for both individuals and organizations to communicate. The literature on government use of social media has noted that these platforms provide a variety of democratic functions for government institutions, in their ability to increase transparency and citizen participation. However, there is less recognition and understanding in this context about the symbolic and presentational content governments communicate on social media. This is the case despite the fact that social media are tools for self-presentation, the exchange of symbolic content, and marketing. We have conducted a literature review from diverse sources, including e-government, business, human-computer interaction, social psychology and human communication to develop a typology of government communication on social media. We present a classification scheme with 12 specific categories and discuss the potential purposes of these various types of communication. Via empirical content analysis, we code a total of 2893 Facebook posts of local governments across the U.S., in a pilot and in a confirmatory study. This analysis allows us to better understand the categories of communication and the extent of their presence. Although we find that most content on local government Facebook pages falls into the category of democratic information provision, almost half of all messages refer to symbolic and presentational types of information exchanges. We illustrate our results with examples, and present a discussion of these findings with implications for practitioners and future research.     

Digitizing the Social Contract: Producing American Political Culture in the Age of New Media

Campaigns are complex exercises in the creation, transmission, and mutation of significant political symbols. However, there are important differences between political communication through new media and political communication through traditional media. I argue that the most interesting change in patterns of political communication is in the way political culture is produced, not in the way it is consumed. These changes are presented through the findings from systematic ethnographies of two organizations devoted to digitizing the social contract. DataBank.com is a private data mining company that used to offer its services to wealthier campaigns, but can now sell data to the smallest nascent grassroots movements and individuals. Astroturf-Lobby.org is a political action committee that helps lobbyists seek legislative relief to grievances by helping these groups find and mobilize their sympathetic publics. I analyze the range of new media tools for producing political culture, and with this ethnographic evidence build two theories about the role of new media in advanced democracies-a theory of thin citizenship and a theory about data shadows as a means of political representation.     

移动互联网用户阅读交流行为研究

在梳理交流与协作信息行为相关研究成果的基础上,提出移动阅读交流行为模型。实证研究发现,大部分移动阅读用户都会与别人交流阅读内容,26-30岁、本科学历的用户移动阅读交流的比例最高,收入越高的用户交流比例越高;即时通信工具和微博是当前移动阅读交流最受欢迎的公共平台,腾讯、新浪、中国移动、百度的阅读平台是最受欢迎的专门阅读社区;移动阅读用户交流最多的对象是自己的好友,其次是其他读者和作者;交流最多的内容是评论,其次是摘要,再次是阅读笔记、标签、批注等;使用最多的移动阅读交流方法是聊天讨论,其次是发表评论,再次是转发、发表日志心情、关注或收看收听、上传、推荐;移动阅读交流后最多的延伸行为是查询了解相关知识,其次是访问相关链接网站。基于调查分析结论,提出有针对性地改进移动阅读服务内容和方式的策略。     

国内外博物馆社交媒体应用研究综述

本文通过梳理国内外博物馆社交媒体应用的相关研究,发现国外研究主要聚焦于社交媒体对博物馆权威影响的探讨、博物馆社交媒体应用情况的综合分析、社交媒体促进博物馆教育的策略应用、社交媒体对博物馆管理的影响、行业社交媒体应用指南的发布,这些主题从分析社交媒体应用的可行性到观察应用效果,再到思考应用影响、提出初步的应用规范。而国内研究主题明显分为三个时段,即以借鉴启示为主的萌芽阶段、以传播营销为主的实践阶段、博物馆核心职能实践与探讨阶段,整体上更关注社交媒体应用的正面效应。相对而言,国内博物馆社交媒体应用研究主要集中于传播和营销,特别关注现象级博物馆社交平台运营策略;在国内各类博物馆社交媒体应用的定量研究中,研究对象类型比较单一;少部分研究关注社交媒体与博物馆教育等核心功能及相关管理机制的影响,但极少关注如何规范社交媒体的运营以确保博物馆的权威性和可信度。     

情报学与传播学基本理论问题及分支理论比较研究——以信息交流为轴线的探析

从基础理论层面的理论来源、研究对象、研究任务与内容、分支理论层面的媒介与符号研究、内容分析、受众/用户研究、效果研究7个方面,对情报学及传播学相关理论进行比较分析,勾勒出两者的主要相同、相似、联系及区别之处,以期为情报学研究借鉴传播学理论及指导专业实践提供启示。     

社交媒体中新冠疫情科学信息传播效果与危机应对策略选择影响因素研究——基于科学家群体相关热门微博文本的实证分析

[目的/意义]从科学传播与危机传播的角度,分析影响新冠疫情期间科学信息传播效果相关因素,探索影响危机回应选择的策略机制。[方法/过程]利用Python进行数据挖掘和抓取,将具有代表性的十名医学专家作为科学传播信息来源对象,得到疫情期间科学信息的相关数据。进一步结合内容分析法,使用SPSS数据处理软件对新冠疫情期间科学信息传播与应对策略选择影响因素进行分析,得出传播效果与应对策略选择的影响因素模型。[结果/结论]以视频为主的富媒体文本形式对于疫情科学信息传播效果至关重要;内容主题、发布主体、文本形式、内容倾向与科学传播模式都与危机回应策略选择密切相关。基于此,建议在运用科学信息进行危机回应时,要善于运用视频等融媒体形式;在进行危机回应策略的选择时,需要考量文本特征选用不同科学传播模式,避免出现策略选择失当造成应对效果偏差。     

Political ideology and information technology in government online communication

Government agencies are directed to communicate objective and scientific information to the public, but studies show that political ideology may play a role in how much information governments provide. In this paper I argue that the ideology of a head administrator, and its alignment with agency mission, can restrict the kinds of information that government agencies provide, which may or may not amount to a type of regulatory capture. This impact may also be moderated by the specific media in which the communication takes place. I explore this theory via a case study of the United States Environmental Protection Agency online communication over a period of 32 months, during the years of 2013–2014, under the Democratic Administrator Gina McCarthy, and 2017–2018, under the Republican Administrator Scott Pruitt, via topical terms and document analyses of Twitter posts and web news releases. The information—topics, policies and issues—remain largely consistent across administrations and media channels, but notable distinctions are observed that point to the political ideologies of administrators in office, including a restriction of relevant scientific information on climate change during the misaligned administrator. Moreover, results show differences across media types which may reflect speed and popularity affordances of Twitter compared to website communication. I conclude by discussing the importance of policies to protect against ideological partisanship, and how social media may be better used as tools in government information policy and online communication.     

Engagement@web 2.0 between the government and citizens in Singapore: dialogic communication on Facebook?

Responding to the rapid adoption of new technologies, political parties, both incumbent parties and minor ones, have been quick to leverage web 2.0 technologies for party communication and mobilization. A coterie of work addressed how social media such as Facebook are used as political tools for the promotion of candidate and party campaign platforms. However, a present bias is observed as current literature focus on western democracies. To bridge the gap, this study examines the gradual, yet significant, evolution in technology deployment by the ruling elite in Singapore. This paper traces the developments in e-engagement to bridge the affective gap between the ruling elite and an increasingly IT-savvy population, one which has demonstrated its astuteness in using new media to articulate its disenchantment. Developments in the last five years indicate that the government's earlier endeavor to centralize and streamline its political engagement via a single portal, REACH, is insufficient to say the least. Between the general election in 2006 and the watershed election in May 2011, the repertoire of media tools deployed by the political elite has broadened, with the inclusion of personal blogs, Facebook, and Twitter. In this paper, we apply Kent and Taylor's public relations dialogic communication framework to examine how Facebook fosters greater mutuality, propinquity, and empathy between the government and the electorate. However, problems arising from new technologies themselves inadvertently create risks and challenge the government's ability to commit to dialogic communication.     

The Selfie Study: Archetypes and Motivations in Modern Self-Photography

Photographic self-portraits have existed since the mid-19th century, but the emergence of digital photography and social media as tools that facilitate rapid visual communication have contributed to a surge of self-photographs, or selfies, and the practice has become a ubiquitous part of today's culture. This exploratory research employed a Q-method analysis to quantitatively and qualitatively identify what archetypal motivations exist among individuals who take and share selfies. The findings largely validated past scholarship on the uses and gratifications of photography, new media, and visual rhetoric individually, but also identified that the motivation to take and share selfies is a complex balance of preservation, communication, and entertainment for most individuals who engage in the practice.     

Understanding risks,benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector

Social media such as blogs, microblogs or electronic social networks can transform the ways in which we relate to other people and organizations. Government organizations are experimenting with social media to communicate with their constituents, and many analysts see in these media a powerful set of tools to reinvent government–citizen relationships. In this paper, we present the perceptions of risks, benefits and strategic guidelines about social media applications gathered from 250 public servants from Central Mexico, most of them working in information technology, as web masters or responding to Freedom of Information Act requests. The conclusions of the analysis are 1) that governments' participation in social media may result in improved communication and citizen participation, more transparency, and transfer of best practices among government agencies; 2) that a good implementation strategy is necessary to realize these benefits and to avoid risks; and 3) that the implementation of social media highlights the importance of updating laws and regulations, and of promoting changes in government culture and organizational practices.     

Developing Social Media to Engage and Connect at the University of Liverpool Library

ABSTRACT

This case study presents the Liverpool experience of using social media as an academic library to enhance audience engagement and create a community of users. It looks at the development of social media in the library, focusing on the concerted effort to grow followers and develop a meaningful use of these tools. It considers the value of taking a team approach, ensuring a diversity and breadth of output. Using social media effectively enables libraries to connect with users in a space they already occupy and bring added value to existing activities. A strong, well maintained social media presence enhances a library's national and international profile and ensures good on campus relationships with main stakeholders. This case study demonstrates the relevance of social media as a communication channel and the importance of selecting the correct platform depending on audience or aims. A literature review and recommendations based on experience are included.     

Using Message Maps to Stay on Your Communications Message

ABSTRACT

In this article, media trainer Tripp Frolichstein introduces librarian readers to positive points, positive proof points, distinguishing points and message maps as appropriate tools to plan and carry out effective communication for organizations and companies. In addition, the author provides a list of tips that reiterate and enrich preparation as individuals serve as their organization's media spokespersons.     

Social media use in local government: Linkage of technology,task, and organizational context

Social media technologies have begun to enter the governmental workplace as tools to accomplish improved public service and engagement. Widespread recognition of the potential of social media technology for achieving public outcomes does not match our understanding about how and why specific tools are being used for specific purposes. This paper makes use of newly collected national survey data from local government managers in five different agencies to address the questions: which social media tools are being used, for which tasks or purposes; and what organizational characteristics influence the coupling of task and technology. Findings reveal patterns of social media tool application for particular purposes, although organizations do not all use social media tools in the same way. Moreover, regression analysis shows that different organizational factors – work characteristics, innovativeness, technology and management capacity and stakeholder influence – predict each of the four technology–task couplings — social media for dissemination, social media for feedback on service quality, social media for participation, and social media for internal work collaboration. This study demonstrates that social media tools are not a monolithic group and calls for greater research attention to the complex interactions among social media technology, task and organizational context.     

域外揽萃（英文）

<正>1.Shah,Dhavan V.(2016).Conversation is the soul of democracy:Expression effects,communication mediation,and digital media.Communication and the Public,1(1),12-18.A bstract:A si zable body of empi r ical ev idence indicates political conversation—both face-to-face and online—drives participatory engagement.Digital,social,and mobile media provide new avenues and tools for