鬼灯檠属的系统发育、分类和地理分布

本文对鬼灯檠属Rodgersia Gray的染色体数、花粉体积和纹饰、萼片数目、萼片脉序和脉型、萼片腹面毛被、花梗和花序轴毛被、叶的类型等关键性状进行了分析，确定了其进化顺序，依据性状的系统发生，绘制了鬼灯檠属的瓦格勒尔系统树；确认本属有5种和3变种，其中以R.podophylla为最原始，R.nepalensis为最进化，而R.aesculifolia，R.sambucifolia．和R.pinnata则居于两者之间。本属分两组Sect．Rodgersia，仅含R．podophylla Sect．Sambucifolia J．T．Pan，含R．aesculifolia，R.sambucifolia，R.pinnata，R.nepalensis。依据种的主要分布区，划本属植物为4个分布类型，即：日本—朝鲜间断分布，秦岭—大巴山分布，横断山分布和东喜马拉雅分布。笔者认为，本属的起源地在日本-朝鲜一带，横断山地区是其现代分布中心和分化中心；本属的散布路线是自日本—朝鲜，经秦岭—大巴山，通过横断山地区而进入东喜马拉雅，本属的起源时间，当在晚第三纪以前(晚白垩世至早第三纪)。此外，还报道了鬼灯檠属植物的花粉形态。     

海菜花属的分类、地理分布和系统发育

 The genus Ottelia is one of the great genera of Hydrocharidaceae.  About 25 spe- cies distributed in the Palaeotropics, extending from Africa through India and SE. Asia to Korea and Japan, Australia and New Caledonia, 1 species in Brazil; centres of specific devolopment are found in Central Africa and SE Asia.      The present study is mainly based on the materials collected during the field ex- plorations in the lakes of Yunnan and observations on the structure of the spathe and flowers, the variation of leaf of the plants cultivated in Kunming Bot. Garden. Instead of the wings of the spathe used by Dandy, by the characters such as uni-or bisexual flowers, this genus is divided into two subgenera, which by the number of the flowers in spathe and the number of the carpus in ovary again subdivided into 4 sections.  They are as the following:      A. Subg. Ottelia.  Flowers bisexual.      Sect. 1. Ottelia.  Spathe with 1 flower; ovary with 6(—9) carpus.      Sect. 2. Oligolobos (Gagnep.) Dandy. Spathe with many flowers; ovary with 3 car- pus.      B. Subg. Boottia (Wall.) Dandy.  Flowers unisexual; the male spathe with 1-many flowers, the female spathe with many flowers.      Sect. 3. Boottia.  The male spathe with 1 flower; ovary with 9(—15) carpus.      Sect. 4.  Xystrolobos (Gagnep.) H. Li.  The female spathe with (2-) many flow- ers; ovary with 3 or 9 carpus.      The Chinense species of ottelia is in great need for revision.  All of the species in China previousely described under Ottelia Pers, Boottia Wall., Oligolobos Gagnep, and Xystrolobos Gagen. are here combined into 3 species.  They are O. alismoides, O. cor- data, O. acuminata with 4 variaties.      After a study of the geographic distribution and infer relation-ships among the floristic elements it has been proved that Ottelia is certainly an ancient genus, and the primitive types came into being and widely dispersed before the separation of Laurasia from Gondwana.      During a considerable period of time the elements of the genus Ottelia in fresh- water environment of different continents have been separately differentiated and evolv- ed into more or less derived types.  The structure of flowers in all of the asian species shows the following evolutionary tendenoes: 1. In this genus the plants with unisexual flowers have evolved from plants with bisexual flower; 2.  In the groups with bisexual or unisexual flowers the number of stamens and styles reduced to 3-merous, but the number of flowers in spathe increased. So that the subgenus Ottelia is more primitive than the subgenus Bottia; While in the subgenus Ottelia O. alismoides is a more primi- tive than O. balansae and in the subgenus Boottia O. cordata is the most primitive, butO. alata seems to be the most advanced.     

青藏高原和喜马拉雅地区锦鸡儿属植物的地理分布

锦鸡儿属Caragana是一个典型的温带亚洲分布属。本属在青藏高原和喜马拉雅约有24种1变种，约占整个属的1／3。这些种类几乎全部处于演化高级阶段，且既有叶轴宿存类群，也有假掌状叶类群。反映出种的分化很活跃，在横断山地区形成本属的分布中心、分化中心。本区内绝大多数种类是特有分布。替代现象主要受气候、植被变化作用，沿横断山和喜马拉雅分布的长齿系Ser. Bracteolatae Kom．是一个典型的替代分布类群。锦鸡儿属植物生态适应性很强，可在其生长的灌丛中形成优势种。 寒化和旱化现象十分突出，它们有一系列森林种、草原种和荒漠种及相关的形态变异。用锦鸡儿属植物进行青藏高原和喜马拉雅区域内的分布区关系分析及最小生成树MST和特有性简约性分析(PAE)，表明横断山地区特别是其北部是本属植物的一个地理结点。以此沿横断山向北部唐古特和西部藏东南适应性辐射。横断山和西喜马拉雅联系微弱，看不出植物长距离扩散的踪迹，大多是由于生态因子限制而产生的隔离。虽然本区不可能是锦鸡儿属的起源地，然而，通过本区与邻近地区的地理联系，可推测它们在我国适应性辐射方向是从东北向西南。结合豆科蝶形花亚科其它属化石记录及其分布区局限在温带亚洲等现象，认为锦鸡儿植物是一组特化、晚近衍生的类群，起源于北方东西伯利亚晚第三纪中新世后期至上新世。     

我国人参属数量分类研究初试

 In this paper, 10 species and varieties of the genus Panax from China were studied by means of numerical taxonomic methods.  At first, the geometric approaches and statistical treatments were used and some new characters induced by the funda- mental characters were defined for the numerical representation of the morphological characters of plants.  Consequently, forty-seven morphological, three chemical, one geo- graphical and one cytological characters were adopted.  The principal component ana- lysis and the similarity coefficients were computed on the standardized data.  Based upon the correlation matrix and the distance matrix respectively, the Q and R cluster analyses were carried out, and UPGMA was used in both Q and R cluster analyses.      According to the R cluster analysis, all characters are mainly divided into 5 sets: A, B, C, D and E (Fig. 2).  The tree-like diagram illustrates that chemical constitu- ents of triterpenoids and the chromosome numbers are related to some morphological characters, such as the roots, the rhizomes, the seeds and the leaves. It is of interest to note that the thicker the fleshy roots, the larger the seeds and the wider the teeth of leaflet, the higher the content of the tetracyclic triterpenoids of dammarane type it contains.  On the other hand, the Q cluster analysis showed that Panax as a whole may be divided into two groups (Fig. 3).  The first group includes P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng and P. zingiberensis and the second group  includes P. stipuleanatus, P. pseudo-ginseng, P. japonicus var. japonicus, P. japonicus var. angus- tifolius, P. japonicus var. major and P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus.  The results of the computation of principal component analysis indicate that the  first  principal component consistes of the characters occurring in the sets A and B.  It shows that the variation in Panax has two opposite directions.  One of them, corresponding to the set A, is represented by the first group, and the other, corresponding to the set B, is by the second group.      Finally, some questions about the use of the genus in medicine were discussed.     

新疆贝母属植物分类研究

In the present paper the genus Eritillaria in Xinjiang is revised.  There are altogether eleven species and four varieties recognized in this region, of which four species and four varietie are new to science, and one species is new to Chinese flora     

马兜铃科的地理分布及其系统

马兜铃科基本是一个热带科。  东亚的横断山至华南一带是其原始分布与分化中心，热带美洲是其次生分布与分化中心。科的形态演化趋势是花被由分化的双被到不分化的单被，由分离到合生，由杯状到管状；雄蕊由多数到少数，由分离到与雌蕊结合成为合蕊柱；于房由半下位到完全下位；果实由蓇葖状蒴果到蒴果。马兜铃科分2亚科4族6属。