The World Bank and financing higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa

This article critically examines World Bank andother donor agency's policy changes towardfinancing of higher education in Sub-SaharanAfrica. It concludes that policy vicissitudeshave adversely affected these institutions. Therecommendation is that the unique context ofeach state play a role in higher educationfinancial policy formation and implementation.     

The growth of private higher education in Brazil: implications for equity and quality

There has been a dramatic growth in private higher education in Brazil in recent years. The World Bank has promoted this expansion on the basis of the private providers’ ability to ensure a rapid increase in enrolment, to improve quality through competition between institutions and to bring benefits for society at little public cost. However, the charging of fees means that the majority of Brazilians do not have access, and that inequalities are reproduced due to the relation between course costs and the value of the final diploma. Equitable access is, therefore, far from being achieved and is unlikely even with an increase in student loans and government subsidies. The contribution of private universities to the long‐term development of society is seen to be limited, due to lack of investment in research and academic staff.     

世界银行职业教育政策的演变

世界银行是对教育项目资助最多的国际组织,几十年来世界银行的职业教育政策经历了几个阶段性的演变,对世界各国的职业教育政策产生了重要影响.本文梳理了世界银行的职业教育贷款政策演变进程,并对其政策进行了评价.     

终身教育理论与远程开放大学的改革与发展

建立和完善终身教育体系是我国教育改革的主导方针,现代远程开放大学在本质上蕴涵着大众性、开放性和终身教育的意义,它将成为21世纪人们终身学习的第一选择。构建未来以计算机高新技术为主要手段的个别化教学模式成为远程开放大学改革和发展的主要方向。     

A comparison of outcomes of virtual school courses offered in synchronous and asynchronous formats

As part of the formative evaluation of Alabama's pilot of its virtual schooling system (the Alabama ACCESS Distance Learning Program), the Alabama State Department of Education examined outcome data from courses offered in the two distance delivery systems: web-based course management and interactive videoconferencing (IVC). In light of Bernard et al's. [Bernard, R., Abrami, P., Lou, Y., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Wozney, L., et al. (2004). How does distance learning compare with classroom instruction? A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 379–434] recent meta-analysis finding that asynchronous distance environments generally had more positive outcomes than synchronous ones, a comparison of online (asynchronous) and IVC (synchronous) platforms provided an opportunity to explore and shed more light on outcome comparisons between synchronous and asynchronous platforms. Though there were some outcome differences, the dominant finding was of no differences between platforms.     

Changing the course: equity effects and institutional risk amid policy shift in higher education financing in Kenya

Reform in higher education financing in Kenya has been occasioned by both endogenous and exogenous variables. Internal pressures of a declining economy, rapid demographic growth and increased inter-and intra-sectoral competition for scare financial resources, couple with external neo-liberal doctrine championed by global donors like the World Bank have resulted in a new market-competitive policy of financing higher education. This paper analyzes the equity and risk effects of the new policy for the main stakeholders, namely students, academics and institutions themselves. The paper contends that the policy shift has had a significant effect on equity just as it has introduced universities to risks through engagement in academic capitalism with its emphasis on marketization of university programs and services. The paper concludes with suggestions on some policy options that could help to mitigate the negative consequences of this new policy.

精英教育与大众教育之间的大学品格

古典的大学传统以完整的人的培养作为大学理念的核心。当高等教育从精英教育走向大众教育之时,大学必然要适应普通个人对职业教育的需求,使得古典大学教育传统难以为继,导致大学品格的俯就。我国大学品格的建设不仅面临着高等教育大众化的冲击,还面临着自身大学人文传统的重建问题。当前大学品格的建设,应注重大学自身的定位,甄定大学培养目标,并确立不同类型大学教师的发展方向。     

高等院校在科学教育中的功能与作用

高等院校具备生产新的科学知识和传播科学理念的功能;具有培养人的科学素养和将科技知识运用于实践并推动社会生产力发展的作用。努力发挥高校的这种功能与作用,有助于提高全体公民的科学素养,从而推动社会文明的进步。     

世界银行参与中国职教改革项目专家组作用机制研究

在世界银行参与中国职教改革项目中,专家组以专业知识为项目学校和世界银行提供咨询与服务.结合世界银行贷款职业教育合作项目形成的背景,了解专家组的组成、职责、地位与作用,特别是项目专家组的行动框架和运作机制,有助于国内了解和参与国际教育合作.     

试论高校图书馆的文化素质教育培训基地功能

本文分析和论述了高等学校图书馆在高校文化素质教育中所具有的不可替代的优势和作用，以及将高校图书馆建成文化素质教育培训基地的具体措施。     

英国都铎时期大学教育的世俗化

英国大学教育在都铎王朝(1485-1603)统治时期发生了显著的世俗化改变:世俗王权取代教会成为大学的管辖者,世俗子弟成为大学学生的主体,世俗文化成为大学教育的重要内容。这种变化的主要动因是人文主义思潮的浸润,宗教改革的推动,国家需求的导向,经济和社会发展的促进。大学教育世俗化的影响是积极的,它带来了大学制度的变革,顺应并引导了社会的发展,促进了科学教育的勃兴。     

教育技术和远程教育发展的新时期--世界远程教育发展历史追溯和展望(6)

21世纪人类社会的经济形态是知识经济。开放与远程教育被认为是实现终身教育、终身学习和学习社会理想、加速人力资源开发、推动知识经济发展的未来教育形态。本文论述教育技术和远程教育在21世纪的发展前景。     

The role of ethnicity in the attainment and experiences of graduates in distance education

In the UK, the attainment of White graduates (as measured by the class of honours that they have been awarded) tends to be higher than that of graduates from other ethnic groups. This is apparent, in particular, in graduates who have taken courses by distance learning with the Open University. Analysis of data from Open University graduates over three successive years yielded no evidence that the latter trend could be attributed to confounded demographic variables. A postal survey found little variation in perceptions of academic quality or reports of personal development among Open University graduates from different ethnic groups. Quantitative variations in the attainment of graduates from different ethnic groups are not necessarily reflected in qualitative variations in their experience of distance education.     

《教育世界》与西方教育的传入

《教育世界》是我国最早的教育专业杂志,是第一个向国人系统地传播西方教育的窗口。它积极引入西方的教育制度、教育思想、极大地冲南啊旧的封建教育思想和教育体制,对清末新教育的发展起了重要作用。     

University teacher competencies in a virtual teaching/learning environment: Analysis of a teacher training experience

This paper attempts to shed light on the competencies a university teacher must have in order to teach in virtual learning environments. A teacher training experience was designed by taking into account the methodological criteria established in line with previous theoretical principles. The main objective of our analysis was to identify the achievements and difficulties in a specific formative experience in order to assess the suitability of this conceptual-methodological framework for the design of training proposals aiming to develop teachers’ competencies for virtual environments in higher education.     

Higher education marketisation and its discontents: the case of quality in Kenya

This study addresses the implications of higher education marketisation for quality in Kenya. It focuses on full fee-paying programmes, the de facto market source of revenue for Kenya’s public universities. The study argues that Kenya’s public universities were precipitately subjected to diminished public capitation, and so was their plunging into marketisation. These institutions started enrolling full fee-paying students at a time when they were strained in terms of institutional capacity. There were not enough physical facilities, and most of those available were suffering decay following many years of neglect. They did not have enough teaching staff, a problem, which the marketisation agenda has made worse. The desire to claim a bigger share in the student market has seen the introduction of many new courses in advance of capacity to offer them. The study concludes that by seeking economic self-determination through full fee-paying programmes, in advance of a well-developed institutional capacity, the subsequent pressure seems to have made the quality situation worse.     

大学生党员在高校思想政治教育工作中的作用研究

高等学校历来把学生的思想政治教育工作作为学校发展培养人才的重点工程,特别是16号文件出台以来,思想政治教育工作方法的创新和成果的巩固变得尤为重要,而大学生党员是高校学生群体中的先进分子,他们的言行举止对广大学生具有极强的示范作用,因此,创新高校学生党建工作,加强对学生党员的教育管理,发挥学生党员的先锋模范作用,对促进高校大学生思想政治教育的完善具有深远意义。     

创新教育与高师院校的管理创新

创新教育是以培养人的创新精神和创造能力为基本价值取向的教育实践。它至少应包括创新意识、创新思维、创新人格和创新行为四个方面的培养和训练。推进高等师范院校的管理创新,就是要推进学校管理理念创新、学校管理体制创新、学校人事分配制度创新、人才培养模式创新、教学管理模式创新和教学评价机制创新。