Learning to teach in higher education: how to link theory and practice

In this study the learning process of 12 Dutch novice university teachers was monitored during a five-month induction programme. The teachers were interviewed before and after the programme and were asked to fill in several email logbooks during the programme. A change process was identified, in which experiencing and experimentation played a central role. In particular, modelling by the teacher educator, the observation of video cases, reflection on these with peers and experiencing success in their own practice seemed to be important incentives that encouraged teachers to adopt and eventually implement new pedagogical approaches. On the basis of our data, we think that teachers' conceptions and teaching practice are best developed simultaneously and that the design of induction programmes should support this process.     

Learn to use and use to learn: Technology in virtual collaboration experience

This study examined how global learning teams utilized technology in a virtual collaboration to solve complex problems. The study offers an in-depth explanation of why and how the learning teams used technology to support computer-mediated communication. A model of technology application at different stages of virtual collaborative process is proposed. The model can be used to maximize potential of global teams and facilitate further integration of virtual collaboration into university curricula. Time difference and lack of nonverbal cues were identified as challenges the global teams faced. The benefits of virtual collaboration were the opportunities to: learn how to use technology in a meaningful way; practice using technology to solve problems; and broaden one's perspective by communicating with people from different cultures.     

高校教师绩效管理：问题与对策

当前我国高校实施教师绩效管理存在以下问题:目标和定位上存在偏差;"自上而下"单方面的管理,忽略了沟通的重要性;侧重于绩效考核,忽视了绩效管理的其他环节;注重绩效评价的奖惩功能,忽视教师队伍及其个人的发展等.本文提出了解决问题的基本对策和途径:认真做好教师岗位工作分析,明确绩效管理目标,制定合理可行的绩效计划;进行持续的绩效辅导与绩效沟通,做好绩效信息的收集与记录;实施全面可行的绩效评估,切实反映出教师的能力水平;注重绩效评估结果的应用与绩效反馈,促进教师职业发展.     

Learning to learn: Research and development in student learning

This paper is concerned with systematic attempts to help students to learn more effectively. Current approaches to learning-to-learn, chiefly in Britain and involving groups rather than individuals, are reviewed against the background of recent research findings on student learning. Four issues are identified and discussed: contrasting conceptions of learning-to-learn; responses to the problems posed by subject and contextual varations in learning demands; the implications of autonomy, change and the individual learner; and the relationship between research on learning and the development of approaches to learning-to-learn.     

School to work transitions in Europe: choice and constraints

Starting from the assumption that school to work transitions constitute not only the end goal but also an integral part of educational trajectories, this article reconstructs the narratives of the decision-making processes of young people at the end of lower secondary education, namely the ways in which decision-making is referred to, the temporal horizons in which transitional decisions are embedded, the criteria of decision-making, the actors they mentioned and obviously also the relationship between structural constraints and individual choice, both in explicit references and emerging from interpretative analysis. A special analysis considers the decision-making of disadvantaged youth and the way in which it evolves differently in five European countries, focussing on the questions of whether and to what extent school succeeds in combating social inequality.     

Learning to spell in Hebrew: Phonological and morphological factors

This paper investigates children's developingknowledge of the Hebrew spelling system in view of theclaim that language-specific typology affects the rateand the pattern of development of orthographicspelling. Hebrew is a morphologically syntheticlanguage with a phonologically ``deep' orthography, onthe one hand, and a consistent representation ofmorphology in the spelling system, on the other. Thispaper focuses on the difference between representingcontent words versus grammatical words, and rootsversus morphemic and attached function letters inwritten Hebrew. The paper describes two studies. InStudy 1, compositions from gradeschool children (grade1 through 6) were analyzed for types of spellingerrors; in Study 2, children from grades 2–4 wereadministered a spelling task. Results indicate thatgrammatical words are spelled correctly before contentwords, and that within content words, the correctspelling of function letters precedes that of rootletters. These differences are attributed to factorsof transparency, consistency and frequency, coupledwith gradeschoolers' growing perception ofphonological and morphological patterning in Hebrew.     

课堂教学:学有规律,教有优法——对"教有法而无定法"认识的反思和重构

“教有法而无定法”是教师的“日常教学生活概念”,缺少反思和确证,长期起主导作用的哲学教学论的引导以及以教为要点的教师课堂教学实践是其认识来源,结果导致教学方法选择的随意和教学效率和质量的低下。教学方法的选择受制于教学价值观、学习内容和学习材料的结构体系,应该建立在把握学习方法、学习内容分类和学生学习的规律基础之上。反思“教有法而无定法”,构建“学有规律,教有优法”的教学方法观是重建课堂教学的必然要求。     

乡村教师如何“下得去”和“留得住”:美国经验与中国启示

乡村教师如何"下得去"和"留得住",这是一个世界性的热点和难点。整体而言,美国乡村教师队伍相对稳定,但区位差异较大,教师短缺主要集中在特殊教育、双语、数学和科学等学科领域,且教师入职前五年是其流失的高峰期。美国近年来试图通过经济刺激、专业帮扶、本土培养、乡村学校环境改进等多项举措来整体性提升乡村教师的薪酬竞争力和职业吸引力,为美国乡村教育的发展提供了坚实的人力基础与专业支撑。我国的乡村教师改革要取得突破性进展、迈出实质性步伐,从宏观政策来看,需要打"组合拳",推"一揽子计划";从工作重心来看,需要抓住新教师这个关键群体,紧扣教师专业发展这一重点领域;从改革的路径选择来看,以定向培养本土教师,作为补充乡村教师的长远之计。     

Response to Intervention in Middle Schools: Practices and Outcomes

Response to intervention (RTI) is advocated in elementary school as a system‐wide, multitiered model of academic and behavioral interventions. Middle schools have begun adopting RTI models based on these existing elementary models. This investigation into current middle school RTI practices describes technical aspects as well as some of cultural and contextual issues surrounding implementation. The study included multiple data collection procedures including surveys, discussion groups, phone interviews, and site visits. Although many schools reported substantial progress with implementation, they recognized rigorous implementation of RTI posed such on‐going challenges as changes in staffing, curricular realignments, very limited selections of screening and progress monitoring tools aligned with their curriculum, and scheduling of secondary and tertiary level interventions.     

Deliberate Practice in Medicine: The Motivation to Engage in Work-Related Learning and Its Contribution to Expertise

This study examined physicians’ motivation to engage in work-related learning and its contribution to expertise development beyond work experience. Based on deliberate practice theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 residents and 28 experienced physicians in internal medicine, focusing on the activities they engaged in during work that might contribute to professional development and the goals underlying this behavior. Learning motivation was also measured using a goal orientation questionnaire. Expertise was measured by a case test derived from the Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP). The interviews showed that participants’ learning was largely embedded in everyday work; most of their learning activities were inherent to the job rather than motivated by competence improvement goals. The problems encountered in patient care played a key role in prompting learning. Role, work experience and work situation affected the type of activities engaged in, as well as the intensity of practice. Deliberate engagement in work-related learning activities was related neither to goal orientations nor to case test performance, except activities by the experienced physicians to keep up-to-date. Work experience, in contrast, showed a clear positive relationship with the performance of residents. Two main conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) patient care induced relevant learning activities aimed at performance improvement for the patient’s sake; (2) deliberate investments in learning can be enhanced to promote expertise development. Self-regulated learning by physicians needs to be strengthened and the organization for which they work should facilitate and encourage learning in daily practice.     

诠释学中的存在接受性与意义创造性:从伽达默尔到本体诠释学(下)

无论是西方诠释学还是中国诠释传统都注意到了理解和诠释中所蕴含的接受性和创造性这双重特质.伽达默尔把海德格尔的本体接受性改造成为一种被描述为哲学诠释学的诠释创造性的形式,而《易经》建立起一种“天-地-人”之间的本体诠释学循环,人不仅接受性地经验世界,而且创造性地经验世界,《易经》的卦爻体系充分地体现了“本体-生成-诠释学”意义上的理解创造性.     

Beginning to read in Vietnamese: kindergarten precursors to first grade fluency and reading comprehension

Reading and Writing - Measures of decoding and oral language have been shown to predict early reading comprehension across a wide variety of languages, though the timeframe and strength of the...     

应对风险社会：教育的顺应与变革

当代风险社会是工业和科学技术不受控制发展的结果,不仅涉及政治、经济等方面的问题,还是一种文化的概念.面对风险社会,应该具备风险意识,变革教育.教育需要从传授确定价值观和知识,转变到培养质疑、判断和选择能力;从培养规定角色的社会人,转到培养人的应变能力;从培养掌握专门知识和技能的经济人,转为培养有责任伦理的高素质公民;从为国家培养人才,到培养能够"全球性思考和行动"的人.