英国高等教育国际化策略:留学生视角

高等教育国际化是一种全球性趋势,留学生是高等教育国际化的重要体现。从留学生的视角分析了英国高等教育国际化的策略,认为英国大力扩展留学生数量的主要动因是经济利益和确保英国世界一流的学术地位,其成功之道在于政府和大学的高度重视、注重教育质量和品牌优势、制定和完善相关政策、加大境外宣传力度、积极参与国际交流与合作等。     

Methodological Issues in Questionnaire-Based Research on Student Learning in Higher Education

Students' scores on questionnaires concerning their approaches to studying in higher education exhibit reasonable stability over time, moderate convergent validity with their scores on other questionnaires, and reasonable levels of discriminating power and criterion-related validity. Nevertheless, the internal consistency of the constituent scales and the construct validity of these instruments are variable, their content validity within contemporary higher education is open to question, and their wording may need to be revised when they are used with students from different social or cultural groups. Future research should investigate the possibility of response bias in such instruments and the validity of self-reports concerning study behavior.     

Development and Use of the Approaches to Teaching Inventory

This paper describes how research into approaches to university teaching, from a relational perspective, has been used to develop an inventory to measure the key aspects of the variation in approaches to teaching. The Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI) is one of several that derive from the research perspective applied by Marton and colleagues in Europe (Marton, F., Hounsell, D., and Entwistle, N. (eds.) (1997). The Experience of Learning, 2nd edn., Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh) to student learning. A feature of these inventories is that they measure the response of a group to a particular context, rather than more general characteristics of individuals in that group. Studies using these inventories have consistently shown relations between students' approaches to learning and the quality of their learning outcome. The question of interest to many university teachers is whether there are relations between the way teachers approach their teaching and ways their students approach their learning. This question was answered in a study published in 1999 that used the ATI to show that teacher-focused approaches to teaching were associated with students' reproducing orientations. Subsequent research revealed that in subjects where teachers adopted more student-focused approaches to teaching, their students adopted a deeper approach to learning. Some recent research using the inventory is reviewed along with an analysis of the validity of the ATI. The current version of the inventory is reproduced in this paper.     

我国大学生素质教育的战略体系研究

素质教育是我国高等院校的一个改革方向,对提高我国高等教育的水平和质量具有重要的现实意义。我国高校的素质教育战略目前并未取得实质性进展,其重要阻碍因素之一是缺乏科学的战略体系的指导。大学生素质教育战略体系的构建必须密切结合于我国当前大学生素质教育活动的现状与发展趋势。验证性因子分析可以为理论体系的有效性提供现实性检验。     

学会学习:当代大学生的成才之道

随着知识型、信息化社会的来临，人们在关心学什么的同时，更关心怎样学。特别是对当代大学生来说，学会学习既是社会发展的客观要求，也是大学生成才的必经之途。因此，为大学生提供丛要的学习方法与策略指导是当代大学教育的必然选择。     

Viewing comprehension: Students’ learning preferences and strategies when studying from video

This research examined how students at the Open University of Israel studied from video recordings of lectures. At the semesters end, seven history students were interviewed in order to trace their experiences, learning strategies and preferences. It was found that (1) reading comprehension strategies are inappropriate for viewing comprehension, (2) presumed theoretical advantages associated with instructional video may in fact be disadvantages, (3) the medium does indeed influence the message, (4) mismatching medium and message may have deleterious results on students cognitive and affective outcomes and (5) surface-level orientations to study may be hindered by video.     

A critique of the deep and surface approaches to learning model

This paper is a critical analysis of Biggs's deep and surface approaches to learning model, which is prominent in the higher education and tertiary learning fields. The paper reflects on the model's origins and the contextual pressures of the educational landscape extant at that time. It is argued that these pressures have led to a demonstrable lack of serious critique of the model, which has truncated the model's development, leaving it underdeveloped. There are significant problems with the model in the areas of supporting evidence, imprecise conceptualisation, ambiguous language, circularity, and a lack of definition of the underlying structure of deep and surface approaches to learning.     

Approaches to studying and perceptions of the academic environment among university students in China

It has been claimed that students from “Confucian-heritage” cultures approach studying in higher education differently from Western students. This study investigated the experiences and the approaches to studying of students at a university in China. A total of 356 students completed both the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (RASI). Their responses to the CEQ yielded two factors concerned with student support and course demands. Their responses to the RASI yielded two factors: a deep/strategic approach and a surface approach. Students who rated their courses positively in terms of student support were more likely to adopt a deep/strategic approach. Students who rated their courses positively in terms of course demands were less likely to adopt a surface approach. In broad terms, the students' perceptions and approaches to studying were similar to those of Western students, though with some specific differences. The findings add to the literature on Chinese students' approaches to learning and also have practical implications for teachers seeking to promote more desirable forms of studying in their students.     

高职院校课堂合作学习存在的问题及策略研究

高职院校课堂合作学习存在的问题有：合作学习过于形式化;小组的组建存在不合理性;教师在合作学习过程中角色定位不当;学生缺乏合作学习的态度、技能和技巧。通过分析课堂合作学习存在的问题。提出解决问题的策略,主要有合作学习的支持策略;合作学习的准备策略;合作学习的实施策略;合作学习的评价策略。     

Students’ conceptions of good teaching in three different disciplines

This paper explores students’ conceptions of good teaching in three different disciplines. Moreover, the aim is to explore the relation between these conceptions and students’ approaches to learning by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. A total of 695 students from the Faculties of Behavioural Sciences, Law and Veterinary Medicine participated in the study. The students’ conceptions of good teaching were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Furthermore, the students were assigned to homogenous subgroups on the basis of their responses to items measuring approaches to learning and the differences between these subgroups and the students’ conceptions were examined. The association between the conceptions, disciplines and approaches to learning were examined using Chi‐square tests. Twenty‐one dimensions were created from the data and 12 of them differed between the disciplines. Only one dimension differed between the student groups. The study suggests that there is disciplinary variation in students’ conceptions of good teaching and universities should take this into account in the development process of the student evaluation system.     

高职教育应重视教学生学会学习

学会学习是指学习者根据学习规律、现有学习条件以及个人发展特点,运用科学的学习策略,主动地组织自己的学习活动,高效地获得知识和发展自我,并把已掌握的知识和方法迁移到新的学习情境中的能力.高职学生学会学习有利于提高学习质量,有利于他们个性健康发展,并有利于他们持续不断的发展.高职教育可从五个方面,教学生学会学习.     

Unmasking the teaching quality of higher education: students’ course experience and approaches to learning in China

The quality of teaching in higher education is a topic which has generated heated debate in China, though there has been a remarkable paucity of empirical research into the characteristics of teaching and learning in Chinese universities. This study examined Chinese university students’ course experience and its influence on their approaches to learning. A sample of 2529 students from 15 full-time regular universities responded to the questionnaire. Results indicated that the Course Experience Questionnaire could be a promising instrument for assessing the teaching quality in Chinese universities. Chinese undergraduate teaching was characterised by the dominance of developing students’ generic skills, but a lack of emphasis on students’ independence. The study revealed some desirable influences of university teaching on students’ approaches to learning, but an increase in instructors’ effort and commitment to teaching was found to facilitate a surface rather than a deep approach to learning. These findings highlighted the need to reflect on the teacher-centred nature of undergraduate teaching in China.     

A longitudinal study of engineering students’ approaches to their studies

This longitudinal study draws on data from a larger project and examines how students’ perceptions of their opportunities to influence their study environment may be enacted in approaches aimed at influencing their studies, and whether this changes during the course of their studies. Ten students from a 4.5‐year Master’s programme in Engineering were studied throughout their education by means of semi‐structured in‐depth interviews, which were analysed thematically. The results indicate that students’ perceptions of their study environment were enacted in three approaches aimed at influencing their study environment: (i) to adapt to the environment and to study alone; (ii) to try to change the programme, to create an individual curriculum and to interact with teachers; and (iii) to cooperate with their peers. The thematic analysis suggests that students’ perceptions of their study environment were enacted in the different approaches and that these changed along with external demands in the programme.     

英语学习风格、学习策略和英语习得水平的相关性研究

采用英语感知学习风格量表（PLSPQ）和英语学习策略量表（SILL）等,通过使用SPSS18.0统计软件,调研158名高职学生英语风格的偏好情况和学习策略运用状况及其与英语习得水平之间的关系。数据分析结果表明,动手型是学生主要的英语学习风格;学生的英语学习策略整体运用属于中等使用水平;个人型学习风格与英语习得水平有显著的相关关系;学习策略与英语习得水平有显著的相关关系。鉴于此,英语教师应该采取有效的对策,提高学习效率,改进教学效果。     

大学生英语学习策略差异性研究

研究人员发现有意识地使用恰当的学习策略是成功语言学习者的重要特征之一。本研究选用40名大学生进行调查,旨在确定成功学习者与不成功学习者在语言学习过程中所使用的各类策略的频率和质量的差异。结果发现,两类学生在策略使用方面确实存在一些差异,然而,其差异性并无预先所设想的大,这与近年来的研究结果一致,也为课堂策略培训提供了依据。     

高等院校教学质量与教育成果及其关联性的实证研究——基于北京市高校学生学业状况的调研

在经历了高等教育的迅速扩张之后,如何保障高等教育质量,提升学生的教育成果是包括高校、社会、高校学生及其家长等高等教育利益相关者共同关注的问题。本研究基于2007年实施的北京市高校学生调查数据,分析了北京市各类高等院校的教学质量及其与教育成果之间的关联性。分析结果表明,在控制了投入因素和学生家庭背景的前提下,教育质量对教育成果具有重要的影响。高校如果重视注重教学课程的体系性和实践应用性、教学方法的生动灵活性,以及在传统教学场域之外向学生提供学业、心理、就业方面的辅导与咨询,对提升学生的教学满意度和相关能力都有显著的作用。     

Adult,Flexible Students’ Approaches to Studying in Higher Education

A Norwegian translation of the Approaches to Studying Inventory (ASI‐32) was administered to 1477 adult students attending flexible study programs in higher education in Norway (2004‐05). The intention was to investigate their approaches to studying, taking into account their educational backgrounds and their present, challenging study conditions. The latter being characterized by off‐campus studies and shortage of time due to working‐life and family obligations. This article is concerned with two questions: (1) Is prior education correlated with approaches to learning among these students? and (2) To what extent are contextual constraints, personal effort, and self‐efficacy associated with study approaches among these students? This study shows that adult, flexible students are primarily meaning oriented. The first‐time students among them, however, are more reproducing oriented than students with prior higher education. Self‐efficacy turned out to be more strongly associated with approaches than personal efforts. Obligations of everyday life, contrary to hypothesis, did not have the expected impact.     

基于传承传统文化的高职语文教学策略研究

在高职教学阶段,语文是一门主要的文化科目。中华传统文化历史悠久,蕴藏着丰富的文化知识与品质精神,因此,教师应该深入挖掘教材中的传统文化,结合现代化网络技术,对学生进行传统文化渗透,加强学生的传统文化意识,使学生能够将优秀的中华传统文化发扬光大、代代传承。     

Learning in higher education – how cognitive and learning styles matter

The cognitive and learning styles research domain is a highly complex one which has recently been the focus of rigour–relevance debates (Coffield et al. 2004; Evans and Sadler-Smith 2006; Rayner 2006). There is considerable support for the existence and value of style as a construct (Sternberg 1996) even though further work is needed to evidence greater impact on practice. This paper shares the work and experiences of one international research community – the European Learning Styles Information Network (ELSIN) and its attempts to advance understanding of the theory and application of cognitive and learning styles in higher education and other contexts. In so doing it highlights the principles around the development, collation and integration of research as exemplified by the ELSIN experience and considered by other research domains in higher education. Future directions for cognitive and learning styles research within the context of higher education are outlined along with the role of ELSIN in highlighting and leading on these.     

高职非英语专业一年级学生词汇学习策略调查分析报告

词汇学习在英语学习中起着关键作用.从教学实际需要出发,调查研究某职业院校一年级非英语专业学生词汇学习策略的使用情况,在调查分析研究的基础上,对高职学生词汇学习策略的教学提出了具体建议.