浅谈行为科学与现代学校管理艺术

行为科学把以“事”为中心的管理，改变为以“人”为中心的管理，它为现代教学管理在人际交往、合理地解决教职工的各种需要、有效利用激励机制、培养共同目标和集体意识以及民主诚信等管理艺术方面提供了有益的尝试。     

Differences in Motivation Towards Science Subjects Among Kibbutz and Urban High School Students

This paper study analyzes differences in motivation towards science subjects among kibbutz and urban high school students in Israel. Students' motivational traits in science were explored by a questionnaire whose items corresponded to four motivational patterns: achievement, curiosity, conscientiousness and sociability. The major findings of this study are that a) Kibbutz students were mostly sociability oriented in the learning of science, b) city students were mostly sociability and achievement oriented in the learning of science, c) city students were better achievers than kibbutz students in junior high school, while in senior high school the difference between them was nonsignificant, d) there was a significant increase in kibbutz students' achievement motivation in learning science when passing from junior to senior high school.     

探索我国初中学生学习科学的自主性动机

本研究的主要目的是调查和描述我国初中学生学习科学的自主性动机状态。为了辨明学生对自己学习科学的自主性感知,研究中采用了四个归因变量：学习科学的自主性、科学学习的价值功能、社会控制归因及不明确动机的状态。研究结果表明,我国初中生学习科学的动机中学习自主性扮演着重要的角色。     

Motivation for School Achievement: Measurement and Validation

Abstract

An objective instrument for assessment of motivation for school learning is reported along with evidence of its validity. Rural ninth-grade students in Appalachian Kentucky constituted the sample for studying relation, ships among variables of school motivation, willingness to compete, and achievement in reading, mathematics, and language. Students in general mathematics and in algebra classes were asked to volunteer for an academic type of contest. Later the mean motivation score of volunteers exceeded the mean for non-volunteers significant at the .01 level of confidence. Algebra students’ mean motivation score was significantly higher than the mean for general mathematics students (P > .001). Three months after the motivation scores were obtained scores on the California Achievement Test were collected. Product-moment correlations between motivation scores and achievement scores ranged from .604 to .718.

Although other writers have reported correlations between objective measures of motivation and teachers’ marks, no previous correlations with achievement test results could be found for comparison. Correlations with GPA’s tend to be in the range .32 to .55 which is considerably below the range resulting from this study. Data collected in this project supported hypotheses that the objective measure of school motivation would predict levels of utility for competition and achievement. It is concluded that for the sample of students involved the test presented is reliable and has validity for the prediction of willingness to try and levels of achievement as measured by a standardized test.     

Science Motivation and Achievement Among Minority Urban High School Students: an Examination of the Flipped Classroom Model

Journal of Science Education and Technology - The effect of the flipped classroom model (FCM) on high school students’ science motivation and achievement in an urban public school was...     

农民体育生活方式形成动力及实现途径

《中华人民共和国体育法》、《全民健身条例》、新农村建设等法规和文件从政策层面要求构筑农民体育生活方式,现代农民的生产劳动特点、我国发展体育人口的使命、农民体质状况、农村留守人员闲暇生活状况是农民体育生活方式的形成动力,加强地方政府职能,落实体育法规、政策,加强宣传和引导,组织开展＂体育三下乡＂活动,结合当地民间传统体育文化,丰富农民的闲暇生活,建立健全农村基本公共服务体系,加强体育场地设施建设是农民体育生活方式的实现途径。     

School Chemistry vs. Chemistry in Research: An Exploratory Experiment

This report describes a study which explores, from the out-of-school student viewpoint, why students are not studying chemistry anymore. In a 2-day stay at a research institution three groups of graduating high school students from different schools, together with their chemistry teacher, were confronted hands-on with molecular modeling in industry and in university. Each of these volunteer students had agreed to write an essay on School Chemistry Vs. Chemistry in Research. These essays were evaluated together by the students, the teacher, and the researcher in a meeting at their school. The opinion of the students show that school chemistry does not convey today's chemistry in research and in industry. At the computer screen the students demonstrated their skill in performing molecular modeling experiments. Moreover, at the computer screen, chemistry was fun and easier to understand. Now we begin to see the solution: our students are also our teachers.     

2006年全国高中数学联赛安徽赛区预赛

一、选择题(每小题6分,共36分)　　1.正数列满足a1=1,a2=10,a2nan-2=10a3n-1(n≥3).则a100的值为( ).　　(A)1098(B)1099(C)10100(D)10101　　2.已知lg x的小数部分为a.则lg1/x2的小数部分为( ).　　(A)-2a (B)1-2a　　(C)2-2a (D)以上都不正确　　……     

新一轮学院制改革的动力与路径探析

新一轮学院制改革是高等教育发展的基本需求,改革的难点在于教育资源的重新分配,改革的基本路径就是要重塑大学的办学理念,创新大学内部治理结构,和谐党政与学术的共建关系,确立目标绩效导向下的激励与制约机制.     

Impact of Inservice Education in Elementary Science: Participants Revisited a Year Later

Journal of Science Teacher Education -     

School consolidation vs. decentralization: Trends,issues, and questions

The author examines two opposing administrative/policy trends that have simultaneously influenced the size and shape of American school districts. First,consolidation of school districts has dramatically reduced the number of districts from 130,000 in 1930 to 15,500 in 1990. State officials have viewed this as cost-effective approach and a way of reducing overlapping services and expenses. Local school and community people have seen this trend as a means of undercutting their local identity and pride. Second,decentralization has usually taken place in an urban school setting and involves reducing the size of the school district by dividing it into smaller units. This trend reached its peak in 1980, when 91% of the school districts with 100,000 or more students (n=22) reported some form of decentralization. By the 1990s, both school trends had slowed down; nevertheless, 20 questions are delineated for school administrators and school board members to consider in the event they wish to consolidate or decentralize.     

The Effects of a Web-Based Learning Environment on Student Motivation in a High School Earth Science Course

Collaborating closely with a 10th-grade science teacher, we designed a Web-based learning environment (Web-LE) to improve student motivation to learn science. Factors believed to enhance intrinsic motivation (challenge, control, curiosity, and fantasy) were integrated into the instructional design of the Web-based learning tool. The Web-LE was implemented in the teacher’s 10th-grade classroom as a three-day student-centered learning activity. Data collection methods included individual student interviews, teacher interviews, motivation questionnaires, and observations. This study revealed multiple forms of evidence that the Web-LE and the associated learning activity improved student motivation. This study illustrates the benefits of educational researchers working closely with teachers using design-based research methods to successfully solve instructional problems and identify reusable design principles. Design principles for the integration of intrinsic motivation factors into the development of similar Web-LEs are presented as well as directions far future research.     

Nature of Science in School Science Textbooks

Science & Education -     

Motivation and Attribution at Secondary School: the role of gender

A total of 1068 secondary school pupils completed a questionnaire concerned with enjoyment of school, enjoyment of subjects and what they attributed academic success to. Gender differences were shown in the overall enjoyment of school (girls expressing greater enjoyment). Girls also reported liking friends, teachers, outings and lessons more than boys, while boys reported liking sports and school clubs more. Enjoyment of school subjects reflected traditional sex stereotyping: girls reported more liking than did boys for English, French, German, history, drama, music and home economics while boys reported more liking for science. craft and design technology, physical education and information technology. Some gender differences were shown in rating factors contributing to academic success (girls rating hard work and teachers’ liking for you as more important than boys, and boys rating cleverness, talent and luck as more important than girls) but attributions with respect to academic success varied more with age than with gender.     

高校学生体育学习动力辨析

体育学习动力是学生学习和汲取体育知识、健身强体的源动力。探讨体育学习动力存在的问题和有效释放方式,是高等院校教育中提高体育教学质量,提升学生体质的有效途径。提出了在高等院校体育教育中,调动和释放学生潜在的体育学习动力是关键;关注学生的生命需求是源泉;关注学生的心理需求是根本;调动学生体育学习的积极性创造融洽和谐的教育环境是前提条件;传授科学知识与人文教育并重是释放学习动力充要条件的观点。     

Engineering Competitions in the Middle School Classroom: Key Elements in Developing Effective Design Challenges

Engineering challenges that involve both the design and building of devices that satisfy constraints are increasingly employed in precollege science courses. We have experimented with exercises that are distinguished from those employed with elite students by reducing competition and increasing cooperation through the use of tests against nature, large dynamic ranges in performance, initial prototype designs, and alternative methods of recording and presenting results. We find that formulating easily understood goals helps engage students in fascinatingly creative processes that expose the need for a scientific methodology. Such challenges engage male and female students equally, helping to erase the gender disparity in familiarity with the technology and skills common to physical science.     

文化——学校发展变革的深层动力

文化与学校关系密切,学校本身就是一个文化场所,并担负着文化传递和发展创新的功能。文化的发展变革促进或制约着人类各方面的活动,同时也对学校的发展变革起着促进或制约作用,是学校发展变革的深层动因。因此,大力发展先进文化,营造发展和变革良好外部环境,是学校发展变革的关键所在。     

论高等体育院校实验室的科学管理

针对体育院校实验室的特点,分别在实验教学平台的构建与更新、专业实验人员管理、规章制度的完善建立、仪器设备使用效益的充分发挥等方面的科学创新管理进行讨论,并结合我们的一些实践和体会提出建议。     

论学校情境中的成就动机在EFL教学中的意义

作者以72名英语专业本科生为对象,从认知内驱力、自我提高的内驱力和附属内驱力三方面对学生的学习动机进行了探讨.文中指出教师不应忽视大多数学生的学习积极性受后两种内驱力影响这一事实,并根据研究结果提出了一些将它们转化为认知内驱力的建议.