文献管理软件研究现状与对策分析

采用文献计量法统计分析我国文献管理软件方面的研究文献,揭示了文献管理软件方面的研究现状和存在不足,提出了加强对用户满意度调查、加强对软件功能升级后的测评、加强其在交叉学科中的应用研究等对策。     

Effective aggregation of various summarization techniques

A large number of extractive summarization techniques have been developed in the past decade, but very few enquiries have been made as to how these differ from each other or what are the factors that actually affect these systems. Such meaningful comparison if available can be used to create a robust ensemble of these approaches, which has the possibility to consistently outperform each individual summarization system. In this work we examine the roles of three principle components of an extractive summarization technique: sentence ranking algorithm, sentence similarity metric and text representation scheme. We show that using a combination of several different sentence similarity measures, rather than only one, significantly improves performance of the resultant meta-system. Even simple ensemble techniques, when used in an informed manner, prove to be very effective in improving the overall performance and consistency of summarization systems. A statistically significant improvement of about 5% to 10% in ROUGE-1 recall was achieved by aggregating various sentence similarity measures. As opposed to this aggregation of several ranking algorithms did not show a significant improvement in ROUGE score, but even in this case the resultant meta-systems were more robust than candidate systems. The results suggest that new extractive summarization techniques should particularly focus on defining a better sentence similarity metric and use multiple sentence similarity scores and ranking algorithms in favour of a particular combination.     

浅谈高校的公文管理与保密

国家科学技术研究的重要力量是高等学校,其承担了大量的研究任务,如重大科研项目、顶尖技术以及国家重要政策,涉密程度极深,并且秘密事项的传递方式大都是公文。因此怎样做好高校公文管理与保密工作,保证国家秘密的安全,是值得我们深思的重要课题。本文主要分析了高校公文管理与保密工作现状,加强高校的公文管理与保密的必要性,高校公文管理与保密工作面临的挑战,加强高校公文管理与保密工作的对策。     

基于本体的云计算文献管理模式研究

云计算以全新的技术和服务形式给互联网带来了变革和挑战,也为文献管理服务的发展带来了契机。本文将本体语义和云计算技术相结合,提出基于本体的云计算文献管理模式。在云计算服务形式的基础上设计了基于本体的云计算文献管理模式框架,并分析了具体的处理流程和应用方案,为提供方便高效的文献管理服务提供了方法和思路。     

浅谈高校档案管理信息化建设

高校档案信息化建设是高校“数字化校园”建设的重要组成部分，遥步实现高校档案资源数字化、信息服务网络化、电子文件和电子档案管理规范化，为教学、科研、管理服务，为高校的建设和发展提供优质、快捷的档案信息，是高校档案工作发展的目标。     

基于文献知识单元的知识组织——文献知识库建设研究

阐述了文献知识与知识组织的区别与联系，提出基于文献知识单元的知识表示和知识组织方法，探讨了文献知识管理的新途径。     

高等院校资料室管理新模式

传统资料室在知识经济时代的弊端已显而易见。本文探讨了一种管理模式，试图改变资料室的现状，使它能在新世纪发挥其应用的职能。     

Legal case document similarity: You need both network and text

Estimating the similarity between two legal case documents is an important and challenging problem, having various downstream applications such as prior-case retrieval and citation recommendation. There are two broad approaches for the task — citation network-based and text-based. Prior citation network-based approaches consider citations only to prior-cases (also called precedents) (PCNet). This approach misses important signals inherent in Statutes (written laws of a jurisdiction). In this work, we propose Hier-SPCNet that augments PCNet with a heterogeneous network of Statutes. We incorporate domain knowledge for legal document similarity into Hier-SPCNet, thereby obtaining state-of-the-art results for network-based legal document similarity.Both textual and network similarity provide important signals for legal case similarity; but till now, only trivial attempts have been made to unify the two signals. In this work, we apply several methods for combining textual and network information for estimating legal case similarity. We perform extensive experiments over legal case documents from the Indian judiciary, where the gold standard similarity between document-pairs is judged by law experts from two reputed Law institutes in India. Our experiments establish that our proposed network-based methods significantly improve the correlation with domain experts’ opinion when compared to the existing methods for network-based legal document similarity. Our best-performing combination method (that combines network-based and text-based similarity) improves the correlation with domain experts’ opinion by 11.8% over the best text-based method and 20.6% over the best network-based method. We also establish that our best-performing method can be used to recommend/retrieve citable and similar cases for a source (query) case, which are well appreciated by legal experts.     

图书馆信息资源的内涵管理

图书馆的信息资源的内涵管理是文献资源物理载体管理的深化，在信息社会图书馆应从理论与技术方面进行创新．以现代的管理理念资源的共建共享图书馆的人文精神等有效的措施来促进信息资源的开发利用，以体现信息资源内涵管理与服务的本质．适应信息社会化的需要。     

Social summarization in collaborative web search

A critical challenge for Web search engines concerns how they present relevant results to searchers. The traditional approach is to produce a ranked list of results with title and summary (snippet) information, and these snippets are usually chosen based on the current query. Snippets play a vital sensemaking role, helping searchers to efficiently make sense of a collection of search results, as well as determine the likely relevance of individual results. Recently researchers have begun to explore how snippets might also be adapted based on searcher preferences as a way to better highlight relevant results to the searcher. In this paper we focus on the role of snippets in collaborative web search and describe a technique for summarizing search results that harnesses the collaborative search behaviour of communities of like-minded searchers to produce snippets that are more focused on the preferences of the searchers. We go on to show how this so-called social summarization technique can generate summaries that are significantly better adapted to searcher preferences and describe a novel personalized search interface that combines result recommendation with social summarization.     

在数字图书馆建设中如何实现从文献管理向知识管理的转变

The article discusses how to realize transformation from document management to knowledge management the construction of the digital library.At present,it may take 2 steps.First,strive to realize document-oriented knowledge management;second,strive to realize knowledge diffusion model-oriented knowledge management.     

试论高校图书馆文献资源的固定资产管理

阐述了高校图书馆文献资源固定资产的内涵,分析其区别于普通资产的特点,强调了加强文献资源固定资产管理的意义,针对当前高校图书馆文献资源固定资产管理存在的问题,提出对策建议。     

Satisfying information needs with multi-document summaries

Generating summaries that meet the information needs of a user relies on (1) several forms of question decomposition; (2) different summarization approaches; and (3) textual inference for combining the summarization strategies. This novel framework for summarization has the advantage of producing highly responsive summaries, as indicated by the evaluation results.     

Generating gene summaries from biomedical literature: A study of semi-structured summarization

Most knowledge accumulated through scientific discoveries in genomics and related biomedical disciplines is buried in the vast amount of biomedical literature. Since understanding gene regulations is fundamental to biomedical research, summarizing all the existing knowledge about a gene based on literature is highly desirable to help biologists digest the literature. In this paper, we present a study of methods for automatically generating gene summaries from biomedical literature. Unlike most existing work on automatic text summarization, in which the generated summary is often a list of extracted sentences, we propose to generate a semi-structured summary which consists of sentences covering specific semantic aspects of a gene. Such a semi-structured summary is more appropriate for describing genes and poses special challenges for automatic text summarization. We propose a two-stage approach to generate such a summary for a given gene – first retrieving articles about a gene and then extracting sentences for each specified semantic aspect. We address the issue of gene name variation in the first stage and propose several different methods for sentence extraction in the second stage. We evaluate the proposed methods using a test set with 20 genes. Experiment results show that the proposed methods can generate useful semi-structured gene summaries automatically from biomedical literature, and our proposed methods outperform general purpose summarization methods. Among all the proposed methods for sentence extraction, a probabilistic language modeling approach that models gene context performs the best.     

飞机装配过程中的电磁铆接技术概述

铆接技术是飞机装配过程中最重要的机械连接技术。当代飞机制造技术要求的提高,对飞机结构疲劳寿命、密封、防腐的要求越来越高,为了满足现代飞机对各种性能的严格要求,航空制造领域发展了各种先进铆接技术,如自动钻铆技术、机器人钻铆技术、电磁铆接技术等。本文通过介绍铆接技术原理及其发展历史,分析了解铆接技术的特点及其工作过程,经过现代铆接技术与传统冲压铆接的对比,现代电磁铆接技术使结构疲劳寿命得到提高,用于新型材料结构铆接可以减少安装损伤,使干涉配合均匀。     

Task-based evaluation of text summarization using Relevance Prediction

This article introduces a new task-based evaluation measure called Relevance Prediction that is a more intuitive measure of an individual’s performance on a real-world task than interannotator agreement. Relevance Prediction parallels what a user does in the real world task of browsing a set of documents using standard search tools, i.e., the user judges relevance based on a short summary and then that same user—not an independent user—decides whether to open (and judge) the corresponding document. This measure is shown to be a more reliable measure of task performance than LDC Agreement, a current gold-standard based measure used in the summarization evaluation community. Our goal is to provide a stable framework within which developers of new automatic measures may make stronger statistical statements about the effectiveness of their measures in predicting summary usefulness. We demonstrate—as a proof-of-concept methodology for automatic metric developers—that a current automatic evaluation measure has a better correlation with Relevance Prediction than with LDC Agreement and that the significance level for detected differences is higher for the former than for the latter.     

知识地图在文献检索网络课程中的运用分析

知识地图作为一种指南,一种导航系统,它以可视化技术显示各种知识及其相互关系,帮助用户方便快捷地找到他们所需要的知识。文章在分析目前文献检索课存在的一些问题的基础上,尝试将知识地图运用于文献检索网络课程教学中,对文献检索网络课程中存在的问题提出一种新的解决思路。

Abstract：

As a guide and a navigation system,knowledge map can display a variety of knowledge and their relationships with visualization technology,and help users find the knowledge they need quickly and easily.Based on the analysis of the problems in the current document retrieval network course,this article attempts to apply the knowledge map in the document retrieval network course,and propose a new idea to solve the problems.     

Text summarization using Wikipedia

Automatic text summarization has been an active field of research for many years. Several approaches have been proposed, ranging from simple position and word-frequency methods, to learning and graph based algorithms. The advent of human-generated knowledge bases like Wikipedia offer a further possibility in text summarization – they can be used to understand the input text in terms of salient concepts from the knowledge base. In this paper, we study a novel approach that leverages Wikipedia in conjunction with graph-based ranking. Our approach is to first construct a bipartite sentence–concept graph, and then rank the input sentences using iterative updates on this graph. We consider several models for the bipartite graph, and derive convergence properties under each model. Then, we take up personalized and query-focused summarization, where the sentence ranks additionally depend on user interests and queries, respectively. Finally, we present a Wikipedia-based multi-document summarization algorithm. An important feature of the proposed algorithms is that they enable real-time incremental summarization – users can first view an initial summary, and then request additional content if interested. We evaluate the performance of our proposed summarizer using the ROUGE metric, and the results show that leveraging Wikipedia can significantly improve summary quality. We also present results from a user study, which suggests that using incremental summarization can help in better understanding news articles.     

图书情报档案信息一体化管理与文献信息资源共建共享

网络信息环境下，图书情报档案一体化管理已经成为文献信息资源共建共享工程的重要组成部分。文献信息资源共建共享是图书情报档案一体化管理的根本和最终归宿。在进行图书情报档案信息一体化管理，推进文献信息资源共建共享的进程中。要注意解决好以下三个问题，既决策机制、动力机制和事业发展机制。     

基于供应链管理的区域学位教育文献资源建设

文献信息资源建设是研究生教育与学科建设必要的保障体系，在实际中却存在着文献资源浪费与不足双重性的问题。利用供应链集成的管理思想和方法，对区域内学住文献资源进行整合，可以改善研究生教育文献资源建设与利用各自为政、条块分割的状况，实现文献资源整体规划、联合建设、共同利用的目标，最大限度地发挥文献信息资源的效用。