The beast within

Wolves are such ferocious and useless creatures that all other animals detest them, yea they even hate each other, and therefore scarcely ever live together, each one in its separate hole. Perhaps of all other animals, wolves are the most hateful while living and most useless when dead... The continual agitations of this restless animal renders him so furious, that he frequently ends his life in madness.Sarah Greenleaf is a former elementary school librarian who currently reviews and writes articles for Boston University'sAppraisal; Science Books for Young People.     

Authoring systems reassessed

A study of authoring system technology was done to update a previous study done in 1985. While the earlier study focused on software selection methods, the current one emphasizes trends in authoring tool characteristics, vendor approaches to the market-place, and evaluation methods. It also raises questions about some of the often tacit assumptions underlying the technology's development and use.     

心灵深处的音乐

Life...What is it?See it in the colors of autumn,A gentle snowfall in winter,A sudden shower in spring,The radiance of a summer day.Behold it in the laughterOf the young and the old.Know of it in a surge of hope,The blessings that are bountiful.What is li…     

党内民主是党的生命

中国共产党的十六大报告强调指出 :党内民主是党的生命。要发展党内民主 ,必须正确处理党内民主与集中、走群众路线、民主政治建设和团结稳定的关系 ;加强制度建设 ,注重制度的自觉执行、监督 ,解放思想、转变观念、增强民主意识、注意手段和目的的统一 ,克服发展党内民主问题中的片面性。     

Combating Poverty: The Third World within the First World

This study addresses issues related to international strategies of lifelong education. The case of the United Kingdom is used to explore the degree to which approaches based on human-capital strategies can contribute to resolving inequalities. It is argued that claims made for the role of education as a means of protecting individual and national economic welfare have become almost hegemonic in nature. Yet these claims conceal stark internal contradictions. New work in the future may actually require less skills than at present; massive high-skill and high-income employment is unlikely. This study takes the view that most current forms of education employ a utilitarian discourse that depoliticises learning and individualises achievement. The author contends that a more appropriate way forward in lifelong education lies in developing a critical consciousness – a feature of education for the dispossessed in all contexts.     

The teacher leadership process: Attempting change within embedded systems

This embedded case study examines the leadership practices of eleven teacher leaders in three urban schools to identify how these teacher leaders attempt to change the teaching practice of their colleagues while working as professional learning community leaders and as mentors for new teachers. Using a theoretical framework integrating complex systems theory with Kotter’s (Leading change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1996) eight steps for leading organizational change, we analyze the work and perspectives of individual teacher leaders, and we examine how teams of teacher leaders and principals function collectively in their efforts to lead instructional change. Our findings have implications for schools seeking to utilize teacher leadership as a reform strategy for authentic instructional improvement.     

Combating Poverty: The Third World within the First World

This study addresses issues related to international strategies of lifelong education. The case of the United Kingdom is used to explore the degree to which approaches based on human-capital strategies can contribute to resolving inequalities. It is argued that claims made for the role of education as a means of protecting individual and national economic welfare have become almost hegemonic in nature. Yet these claims conceal stark internal contradictions. New work in the future may actually require less skills than at present; massive high-skill and high-income employment is unlikely. This study takes the view that most current forms of education employ a utilitarian discourse that depoliticises learning and individualises achievement. The author contends that a more appropriate way forward in lifelong education lies in developing a critical consciousness – a feature of education for the dispossessed in all contexts.     

The collaborative apprenticeship model: Situated professional development within school settings

Professional learning is a social enterprise where peers rely on the expertise and support of one another to adopt innovative practices. Reciprocal interactions in a community of practice, where teachers take responsibility for each other's learning and development, may provide an effective means of supporting situated professional learning. We propose a collaborative apprenticeship model featuring reciprocal interactions as an approach to promote professional development, encouraging peer-teachers to serve as modelers and coaches of strategies and ideas aimed at improving instruction. collaborative apprenticeship is designed to help teachers learn and implement new teaching skills and strategies through four development phases, beginning with implementation of best practices from a mentor to the development of their own. Teachers, in turn, contribute new ideas to their teaching environment and become future mentors in order to sustain skills and strategies across a community of teachers. In addition to the model, we discuss various influences related to affect, beliefs, environment, culture, cognition, and personality that characterize the nature of reciprocal interactions in order to stimulate collaborative apprenticeship.     

100阶以内的群的单性

有限群尽管是只有有限个元素的群,然而其内容是非常丰富、非常深刻的.有限群不同于无限群之处在于其阶是一个正整数n,有限单群在有限群类中起"基本构件"的作用.文章利用初等群论的方法和Sylow定理,着重讨论了100阶以内的群的单性.     

The Larger Project within Fantasy Literature: the Lewis/Pullman Divide

This article deals with Philip Pullman's insistence on the importance of the creative power of stories in education and the need for children to think deeper about texts than the surface plot; the suitability for fantasy literature to be used for this ‘larger project’ and the current power of children's fantasy, leading to Pullman's winning of the Whitbread Prize; and Pullman's vehement rejection of links between His Dark Materials and C.S. Lewis's Narnia books. Both series are influenced by Paradise Lost but read from their own religious position: Lewis is the conservative traditionalist and Pullman the liberal reformer. In both, Christian allegory is used to encourage deeper readings of the works. Ultimately, Pullman's criticism of Narnia draws attention to similarities between the two series and the power of both to provoke challenging questions rather than straightforward answers.     

合并高校内部审计风险的成因及对策

随着合并办学的不断深入，高校内部机构调整和人员重组也发生了显著的变化，从而引发了高校内部审计环境的变化，对内部审计工作产生了一定的审计风险，为了帮助内部审计人员充分认识审计风险，防落了化解内部审计风险，有必要从统一经济规章制度、增强审计人素质、改进审计手段和规范内审程序等方面入手，探索防范和化解合并高校内部审计风险的具体对策。     

The game within the game: girls' underperforming position in Physical Education

Since 1980 the Swedish compulsory school curriculum has stipulated that Physical Education (PE) should be taught co-ed and schools are legally required to promote gender equality. The latest evaluation of PE in Sweden shows that more boys than girls ranked the subject highly and that they had a higher level of activity during the PE lessons. Drawing on a case study, the aim of this article is to illuminate how games placed girls and boys in different subject positions. The logic governing the observed lessons was ‘proper game’, i.e. playing according to the official rules. Combined with hegemonic masculinity and the passivity of the teacher, this kind of logic resulted in the game being dominated by several dominant boys and by the ball-playing girls either being positioned or allowing themselves to be placed in situations in which they consistently underperformed. A gender category in late modernity, resting on hegemonic masculinity, can be seen as a cultural flashpoint that reflects problems in society rather than problems in the gym.     

The ally within: An innovatory approach to networking and staff development

This paper reports on an innovative approach to faculty development where the centralized unit has established a network of locally-based faculty developers. In contrast to the more conventional model of faculty development where centralized units are vested with the responsibility for devising programs for faculty development for the University at large, this model draws on the expertise of faculty already at work in a particular area. Once appointed, the locally-based faculty developer provides support to colleagues in their shared work place and also contributes to the program offered by the centralized unit. This alliance between the centralized unit and the locally-based faculty developer has led to positive outcomes for both parties, and for the University community.Philip Candy, professor and Director of the Academic Staff Development Unit at the Queensland University of Technology, received his Ed.D. from the University of British Columbia. His research interests are mainly in the theoretical and conceptual aspects of adult education, and constructivist approaches to research and teaching. His book,Self-Direction for Lifelong Learning, won the 1991 Cyril Houle World Award for Literature in Adult Education. Jill Borthwick, a senior lecturer in the Academic Staff Development Unit at QUT, is coordinator of the Unit's Teaching Development Program. Her Ph.D. on developmental approaches to teacher education is from the University of Queensland, and her research interests are predominantly in the areas of gender studies, and language and literacy.     

The politics of similarity within difference: A pedagogy for the other

The cultural political struggles of five female teachers in a heavily populated minority urban school in Southern California depicts bothsimilarity anddifference. Similarly, each teacher struggles to help overcome her own and students' oppression, subordination, and alienation. Through understandingsimilarity, different teacher and student voices make understanding the other easier. It is argued that understanding similarity within difference opens space for a democratic imaginary, that, while not clearly articulated at any one moment, acts to variously challenge the oppressive forces existing within and outside of schools.