基于敏捷思想的重量级IT项目管理框架思考

重量级IT项目具有高度复杂性和不确定性,以过程为基础的项目管理需要借敏捷方法加以改进.本文以阐明IT项目的复杂产品系统特性为起点,从复杂产品系统的模块化及分解入手,讨论了IT产品的动态形成过程,提出了一个基于敏捷开发过程的重量级IT项目管理框架.以提升重载方法开发效率、提高产品质量为目的,探讨了复杂产品分解的随机Petri网概念模型、柔性团队行为模型、重载方法适度规范集以及基于知识转移的敏捷开发过程,并提出了若干管理对策.     

企业联盟中IT整合能力对IT关系能力的影响

本文结合我国的企业联盟实践和相关理论,提出了IT能力的概念,并运用实证方法验证了IT整合能力对IT关系能力的影响。结构方程模型的结果表明,在IT整合能力中,IT集成能力正向影响IT管理能力;在IT关系能力中,IT与业务关系正向影响外部IT联系;且IT整合能力对IT关系能力具有正向影响,IT集成能力通过IT管理能力的部分中介作用正向影响IT关系能力;IT管理能力通过IT与业务关系的部分中介作用正向影响外部IT联系。该研究不仅为基于联盟的IT能力提供了理论基础,也对企业经理管理联盟中的IT活动具有一定的参考价值。     

基于神经网络专家系统的供应商信用等级分析

在供应链(SC)中，如何正确地选择敏捷的、有实力和相容的供应商合作伙伴，影响到整个SC的竞争力。而对供应商信用等级进行正确地评价又是实现优化选择供应商合作伙伴的关键，同时也对提升整个SC的竞争力有着极其重要的作用。本文提出了一个供应商信用等级分析指标体系。构建一个基于人工智能神经网络的专家系统，较好地解决对供应商信用等级进行分析评估的问题。     

面向航天型号软件的需求管理研究

依据军用软件研制能力成熟度模型(GJB5000A)过程域,将航天型号软件的需求管理过程分为5个实践,重新定义结合敏捷方法的这5个实践,给出基于GJB5000A的航天型号软件敏捷需求管理活动流程图。将需求管理活动流程看作一种工作流,引入Petri网技术建立需求管理活动模型,并通过Petri网可达树和可覆盖树分析方法对建立的模型进行初步分析。最后将定义的需求管理过程实际运用到项目中,证明其科学性和可行性。     

Process reference frameworks as institutional arrangements for digital service innovation

Information systems (IS) service organizations are increasingly more concerned with their ability to co-create digital services with customers in service ecosystems. Practitioners and researchers, however, lack understanding of which organization mechanisms effectively contribute to IS organizations’ innovation practices. Grounded in service-dominant logic, we hypothesized that process reference frameworks (PRFs), such as the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL), act as institutional arrangements through their norms, rules, and practices, enhancing IS organizations’ ability to innovate digital services. Data collected from 159 IS organizations confirmed our hypotheses, showing that effects on digital service innovation are mediated by an organization’s digital service climate and co-creation practices. This study makes four major contributions. First, our results contribute to the literature on service-dominant logic and the role of institutional arrangements in facilitating service innovation in service ecosystems. Second, our study offers a novel understanding of PRFs’ role in value co-creation and digital service innovation. Third, by introducing the digital service climate from existing theoretical frameworks that might assist in conceptualizing the role of culture and shared meaning, our study contributes to further theorizing on the social factors that influence service ecosystem practices. Finally, our findings can motivate IT managers to consider using PRFs to develop capabilities for creating business value together with customers.     

IT能力构建及其对企业和谐信息化的影响研究

基于和谐管理理论，对基于资源基础理论和动态能力理论的IT能力进行了重新构建，并进行了维度划分，阐述了其意义所在。基于和谐管理理论与和谐信息化体系理论，和谐信息化有了新内涵，提出了和谐信息化是企业信息化的绩效，也是企业信息化的一个发展方向。通过对华南地区281个中国企业样本的实证研究，验证了IT能力量表构建的信度和效度，实证结果表明，IT人物互动能力是实现企业和谐信息化的最重要因素，由此表明，企业更应注重IT人物互动能力的提升。案例研究也印证了此结论。在今后研究中，可以IT人物互动能力为和谐主题，分析其在企业信息化各阶段的具体表现，并制定科学的提升计划，以促使企业和谐信息化绩效的实现。     

Gender-based differences in culture in the Indian IT workplace

Global outsourcing increases the complexity of managing IT projects. Gender adds another level of difficulty when managing IT projects. Understanding country and gender—level differences may improve chances for success. This paper provides opportunities to better understand underlying country and gender differences of Indian IT workers. We used Hofstede’s value surveys module to analyze gender differences and cultural preferences of 107 Indian IT workers. After correcting for problems with outliers, none of the mean differences between men and women were significant at the 95% level; at the 90% level, we found differences in uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation only. Our results suggest that women and men working in the IT industry may have more similarities in terms of national culture than differences by gender. To overcome possible differences in uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, IT outsourcers to India should ensure adequate professional development opportunities, mentoring programs, and clearly explained career path opportunities. Further, a focus on policies and management strategies that capitalize on the national culture of India, including group work to take advantage of collectivist tendencies, and clearly defined hierarchical systems to take advantage of masculine orientation and high power distances, may allow foreign companies to attract and retain men and women, where in many cases, national culture trumps gender differences. Future research should collect more data from women and investigate the effect of regional differences on cultural perceptions.     

Achieving top management support with business knowledge and role of IT/IS personnel

The business-IT gap is still present in many companies and IT/IS professionals often impute the responsibility for this to management and claim they lack top management's support for their initiatives. The aim of this paper is to show how IT/IS personnel can achieve top management support. Based on more than 50 in-depth interviews with CIOs and CEOs in the last 10 years we hypothesize that top management support can be attained with the business and managerial knowledge and skills of IT/IS personnel as well as with the business-oriented role of the IT/IS department. The impact was empirically tested via structural equation modeling (SEM) using data from 152 Slovenian companies with more than 50 employees. Based on findings some implications for top managers and IT/IS professionals are given, especially for CIOs, on how IT/IS personnel can contribute to bridging the gap.     

Enabling innovation in the face of uncertainty through IT ambidexterity: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of industrial service SMEs

Taking a configurational approach, this paper investigates the causal configurations of IT ambidexterity (i.e., IT capabilities for exploitation and exploration), dynamic capabilities (i.e., innovation and networking capabilities) and environmental uncertainty that are associated to service innovation performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Results from a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 63 industrial service SMEs show that these firms attain high service innovation performance with three different configurations under conditions of high uncertainty. Two configurations highlight the importance of IT exploration capabilities (combined with the absence of innovation and networking capabilities in one configuration and with the absence of networking capabilities and IT capabilities for exploitation in another), whereas another configuration accentuates the importance of IT exploitation capabilities (combined with the presence of innovation and networking capabilities). Our study contributes to the literature in multiple ways. For instance, due to the equifinal properties of the configurational approach, our results suggest that SMEs can attain high innovation performance through both sequential and simultaneous IT ambidexterity, thus providing a starting point for reconciling competing views of IT ambidexterity. Other contributions to theory and practice and avenues for future research are also discussed.     

An empirical study on business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security

The mechanism of business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security is a key antecedent in improving cloud computing security. Based on information value chain theory and IT affordances theory, a research model is built to investigate the underlying mechanism of business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security. The model includes business analytics affordances, decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security, decision-making rationality of cloud computing data security, and the management of cloud computing data security. Simultaneously, the model considers the role of data-driven culture and IT business process integration. It is empirically tested using data collected from 316 enterprises by Partial Least Squares-based structural equation model. Without data-driven culture and IT business process integration, the results suggest that there is a process from business analytics affordances to decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security, decision-making rationality of cloud computing data security, and to the management of cloud computing data security. Moreover, Data-driven culture and IT business process integration have a positive mediation effect on the relationship between business analytics affordances and decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security. The conclusions in this study provide useful references for the enterprise to strengthen the management of cloud computing data security using business analytics.     

The balancing act of social enterprise: An IT emergence perspective

The significance of IT in the context of non-digital social enterprises (SEs) and its influence on the viability of such SEs have been less studied themes in information systems research. In the era of ubiquitous IT, SEs have increasing pressures to cope with the ever-dynamic technological domain while balancing their dual objectives. Data from a single revelatory case of Jaipur Rugs (JR), an SE situated in a developing country context (India), is used to fathom the peculiarities of the SE context with a focus on the sociomaterial phenomena of IT emergence. Using the three fundamental notions of sociomateriality theory (relationality, performativity, and practice) this interpretive study understands the mechanisms underlying the SE’s attempt to balance its financial and social sustainability objectives. Through the innovative use of IT, the SE establishes and maintains shared value, yielding stability and efficiency to the business (financial viability) while simultaneously ensuring scalability and effectiveness of their social impact. This study strengthens the perspective of IT as an emergent phenomenon situated in sociomaterial practices and fills a gap in organizational literature by examining such phenomenon in the rich context of SEs where achieving the balance between dual goals is increasingly dependent on non-human (IT) agents.     

基于AnyLogic企业信息系统创新的学习过程分析

针对“IT悖论”问题,探讨如何通过IS创新的学习过程使信息系统符合企业实际,获得应有的投资绩效。首先,本文将企业IS创新主体分为IT人员和IS使用人员,运用Anylogic软件建立两类企业人员创新学习过程的智能体模型,然后分别针对不同创新人群及不同创新模式的学习过程进行分析,从而提出提高每类创新模式学习过程的最佳途径。研究表明,对于IT人员来说,提高开拓式创新的最优途径是招聘知识储备高、沟通能力好的IT员工；提高升级式创新的最优途径是增强IT部门与业务部门的交流,提高移植式创新的最优途径是培养员工的分析与组合能力；提高模仿式创新的最优途径是大力引进IS新技术。对于IS使用人员,提高创造性使用的最优途径是加强IT团队的支持,而拓展性使用因为较容易实现,企业无需加大投入。     

探索我国信息技术体系的自立自强之路——兼序“构建自立自强的信息技术体系”专题

高水平科技自立自强不是靠单项技术,而是要形成强大的国家技术体系,即"国家平台"。信息技术3.0(IT3.0)时代一定会产生不同于IT 1.0和IT 2.0时代的新技术体系,这是中国构建自立自强信息技术体系的难得机遇。未来的信息技术产业生态将朝着领域专用、百花齐放的方向发展,中国的优势将在未来的竞争中充分体现。构建信息技术体系应重视5个原则:(1)正确处理自立自强与开放合作的辩证统一关系;(2)以系统结构创新为主,重在跨层纵向整合;(3)发展开源生态,构建技术命运共同体;(4)重点发展领域专用产业生态;(5)大力发展敏捷设计和敏捷制造。文章还简要介绍了《中国科学院院刊》"构建自立自强的信息技术体系"专题的8篇文章,这些文章侧重于技术方向和科研模式的选择,一定程度上反映了我国科技人员探索建立信息技术新体系的努力踪迹和期望的愿景。     

Implementation and impacts of IT Service Management in the IT function

In recent years, organizations have made significant IT investments, including digital transformation programs, with the aim of enhancing the quality and delivery of services, and creating greater value for stakeholders. However, deriving value from IT investments and digital transformation necessitates, among other factors, a solid mastery of the IT function. In light of this, IT Service Management (ITSM) has emerged as a crucial and widely implemented approach to managing an organization's IT function, with the goal of achieving both operational and strategic benefits. Yet, despite its wide adoption, this approach has been undertheorized by academics, and there is limited understanding of the impacts that ITSM can generate for organizations as well as the mechanisms through which these impacts are achieved. In order to address this problem, this paper performs a systematic literature review examining research published on ITSM between 2012 and 2021 in order to understand what has occurred rather than what could or should be expected. Based on the findings, the paper advances that ITSM should be considered a Management Control System that includes a variety of control practices to achieve greater performance, transparency, and customer-focus within the IT function. It is also argued that these outcomes in turn increase client satisfaction and business/IT alignment. A model of the organizational impacts of ITSM is developed and ITSM is suggested as a subject for further, richer research into IS controls.     

Dependency-based IT Governance practices in inter-organisational collaborations: A graph-driven elaboration

In an ever more globalised world IT (Information Technology) managers increasingly have to support value creation within inter-organisational collaboration settings. Such organisational forms with their inherent complexity require specific approaches for their IT management within. Especially important for unleashing the chances of networked arrangements is the right form of IT Governance. Choosing the right arrangement for IT Governance is heavily dependent on understanding the concepts on which such business constellations are built. In this paper we provide therefore first a systematically derived, graph-based perspective on the key terms of inter-organisational collaboration. Based on this understanding of concepts and structured representations of inter-organisational dependencies we present interorganisational governance practices for IT. Specifically, we assign accountabilities to top executive roles from both IT and business. By keeping a holistic perspective, the insights gained in this study are highly relevant for strategic information management in terms of Business-IT Alignment as well as monitoring and controlling of inter-organisational information infrastructures in a rapidly changing business environment.     

我国服务外包企业承接能力评估模型研究——基于北京的实证调查与分析

全球服务业转移与离岸外包为我国现代服务业发展带来重大契机,中国服务外包企业迫切需要提升离岸外包业务的承接能力,从而摆脱处于价值链底部的不利地位,并逐步成长为具有国际竞争力的解决方案提供商。结合已有研究文献,并针对我国特定国情及离岸外包实践,作者以资源/能力理论为分析基础,建立了中国服务外包企业承接能力模型及评估指标,并选择北京地区企业进行了实地调研与综合分析。实证结果初步验证了作者提出的研究模型、能力结构及评估指标等,同时结合实证分析探讨了目前我国服务外包企业的承接能力现状、面临问题及相应对策。     

基于SIS模型的异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队知识共享研究

知识共享是异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队提升工作质量的关键。知识共享和人与人之间传染病的传播模式非常相似,主要是通过人与人之间的直接沟通实现的。基于系统动力学视角构建异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队知识共享的传染病动力学SIS模型,通过模型分析和数值仿真,从理论型定量研究的角度给出实现异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队成员与客户团队成员间知识共享与否的阈值,说明沟通可以促进异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队成员和客户团队间的知识共享,但沟通不合理则会起到抑制作用。     

Comparison of competing models and multi-group analysis of organizational culture,knowledge transfer,and innovation capability: an empirical study of the Taiwan semiconductor industry

This study proposes a theoretical model to examine the relationships between organizational culture (OC), knowledge transfer (KT), and innovation capability (CI) in Taiwan’s semiconductor industry. Structural equation modelling is employed to discuss the degree of influence on each construct. In order to recognize what the better model and whether the model will be moderated for different industry chain positions (upstream, midstream, and downstream), this study uses competing models and multi-group analysis. A total of 433 valid responses were collected from 10 Taiwan semiconductor firms’ R&D departments. Through the competing models, we find that supportive culture is better than bureaucratic and innovative culture. Findings also reveal that managers should shape a supportive culture and encourage KT to promote CI in the semiconductor industry supply chain. KT is a partial mediator between OC and CI. In addition, after multi-group analysis, the results show that culture has significantly different relationships with KT and CI.     

论高校体育教研部组织文化建设

学校体育的开展深受体育教研部组织文化的制约和影响,本文从管理学角度分析学校体育与组织文化的联系,阐述高校体育教研部组织文化的含义和特点,探讨高校体育教研部组织文化的建设,为高校体育管理提出新的借鉴与启示。     

中美制造企业敏捷性改进差异的实证研究

本文首先构建了体现敏捷制造外部驱动、战略目标、使能技术和敏捷性能力之间关联关系的敏捷制造战略理论模型。依据该模型和国际制造业战略调查（IMSS）数据，采用因子分析和方差分析，对中国和美国制造企业近3年的敏捷性改进进行了对比。然后，采用方差分析、典型相关分析和回归分析方法，从外部环境、敏捷制造战略目标制定和使能技术应用的角度对造成两国制造企业敏捷性改进差异的原因进行了深入分析。最后，依据实证分析的结论。对我国企业敏捷制造的实施提出了一些建议。