《情报杂志》质量及学术影响力分析

以中国引文数据库为数据来源,以中文核心期刊《情报杂志》2008-2012年刊载的文献为研究对象,运用文献计量及引文分析方法,从被引量、引文量、h指数、即年指数、影响因子等方面,对《情报杂志》的质量及学术影响力进行分析.     

Big Data Analytics in Building the Competitive Intelligence of Organizations

Over recent years, organizations have started to capitalize on the significant use of Big Data and emerging technologies to analyze, and gain valuable insights linked to, decision-making processes. The process of Competitive Intelligence (CI) includes monitoring competitors with a view to delivering both actionable and meaningful intelligence to organizations. In this regard, the capacity to leverage and unleash the potential of big data tools and techniques is one of various significant components of successfully steering CI and ultimately infusing such valuable knowledge into CI strategies. In this paper, the authors aim to examine Big Data applications in CI processes within organizations by exploring how organizations deal with Big Data analytics, and this study provides a context for developing Big Data frameworks and process models for CI in organizations. Overall, research findings have indicated a preference for a rather centralized informal process as opposed to a clear formal structure for CI; the use of basic tools for queries, as opposed to reliance on dedicated methods such as advanced machine learning; and the existence of multiple challenges that companies currently face regarding the use of big data analytics in building organizational CI.     

利用商业数据库获取竞争情报

竞争情报是增强企业竞争实力的有效手段,在企业竞争中起着至关重要的作用.企业要在竞争中赢得竞争优势,必须重视竞争情报的收集.目前,获取竞争情报的途径很多:比如Internet、行会协会、数据库、大众传媒等,而本文将深入讨论如何从商业数据库来获取竞争情报,并对主要的商业数据库进行详细地归纳.     

The use of bibliometric data for the measurement of university research performance

In this paper we present the results of a study on the potentialities of “bibliometric” (publication and citation) data as tools for university research policy. In this study bibliometric indicators were calculated for all research groups in the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Leiden. Bibliometric results were discussed with a number of researchers from the two faculties involved.Our main conclusion is that the use of bibliometric data for evaluation purposes carries a number of problems, both with respect to data collection and handling, and with respect to the interpretation of bibliometric results. However, most of these problems can be overcome. When used properly, bibliometric indicators can provide a “monitoring device” for university research-management and science policy. They enable research policy-makers to ask relevant questions of researchers on their scientific performance, in order to find explanations of the bibliometric results in terms of factors relevant to policy.     

Technology readiness and the organizational journey towards AI adoption: An empirical study

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is viewed as having potential for significant economic and social impact. However, its history of boom and bust cycles can make potential adopters wary. A cross-sectional, qualitative study was carried out, with a purposive sample of AI experts from research, development and business functions, to gain a deeper understanding of the adoption process. Technology Readiness Levels were used as a benchmark against which the experts could align their experiences. A model of AI adoption is proposed which embeds an extended version of the People, Processes, Technology lens, incorporating Data. The model suggests that people, process and data readiness are required in addition to technology readiness to achieve long term operational success with AI. The findings further indicate that innovative organizations should build bridges between technical and business functions.     

竞争情报在我国企业管理中的运用研究

当今社会，情报已被国际公认是继资金、技术、人才之后企业的第四大生产要素，情报竞争也日趋白热化。竞争情报已经引起了全世界的关注，这种关注更主要体现在企业界对竞争情报的高度重视。而随着计算机技术、网络技术、数据库技术等相关技术的不断发展和进步，如何在这种背景下开展竞争情报工作，对于企业的生存和发展来说至关重要。本文对竞争情报的基本理论进行简要描述，阐述了竞争情报在企业管理中实施标杆管理，并对竞争情报如何为企业制定经营战略服务进行了详细的分析，对企业在网络环境下建设竞争情报系统和开展竞争情报工作具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

Analytics-based decision-making for service systems: A qualitative study and agenda for future research

While the use of big data tends to add value for business throughout the entire value chain, the integration of big data analytics (BDA) to the decision-making process remains a challenge. This study, based on a systematic literature review, thematic analysis and qualitative interview findings, proposes a set of six-steps to establish both rigor and relevance in the process of analytics-driven decision-making. Our findings illuminate the key steps in this decision process including problem definition, review of past findings, model development, data collection, data analysis as well as actions on insights in the context of service systems. Although findings have been discussed in a sequence of steps, the study identifies them as interdependent and iterative. The proposed six-step analytics-driven decision-making process, practical evidence from service systems, and future research agenda, provide altogether the foundation for future scholarly research and can serve as a step-wise guide for industry practitioners.     

Lean information for lean communication: Analysis of concepts,tools, references,and terms

Communication and information processes are vital in any company. The use of lean manufacturing concepts applied to the communication and information process aims to reduce waste and make the flows leaner and simpler. Lean information is a new strand of lean concepts and applications. The purpose of this study was to analyze quantitatively the publications concerning the subject, outlining an overview for the new research field of lean communication. Aiming for a deeper understanding, the concepts of lean information were applied in a real process. The quantitative analysis was carried out to find the main authors and works, as well as the main terms used in related works. We used the methods of citations works, co-citation references, and co-occurrence of words using the VOSviewer software. This software was primarily designed to analyze bibliometric networks in order to create, visualize, and assess maps based on network data generated from queries in journals. We found a lack of a methodology for the development and implementation of lean information concepts. We observed a gap which had not been addressed yet, that is, mapping communication flows and developing and implementing lean information. Moreover, there was no method for improvement, implementation, and control.     

危机决策中政务信息采集模型研究

本文在研究危机决策中政务信息采集的原则和障碍的基础上,通过结合政府危机决策过程,构造了危机决策中政务信息采集模型,并对政务信息采集方式和政府信息资源网的建设进行了进一步研究,为政府在危机决策中顺利采集政务信息奠定了理论基础.     

我国风险评估研究的内容、方法与趋势*——基于文献分析视角

从文献计量的视角,深入分析我国风险评估研究领域近20年的研究内容、方法及趋势。以CNKI期刊数据库1997-2017年发布的风险评估领域相关文献为研究对象,按发文量划分为三个阶段,通过关键词共现分析、社会网络分析及数据可视化等方法,总结风险评估研究的潜在热点和发展趋势。通过词频统计及网络分析发现信用风险、食品安全、环境风险及信息安全,是风险评估的主要研究内容。模糊综合评估和层次分析法是应用频次最多的方法,但随着时代需求的变化和数据收集与存储技术的发展,一些基于大数据和深度学习的方法,在风险评估研究中的受关注程度得到提升。     

基于知识图谱的国际技术竞争情报可视化分析研究

通过文献计量学的方法,将ISI Web of Science数据平台中的SCI-EXPANDED、SSCI和CPCI-SSH等3个引文数据库在2003—2013年间所收录的技术竞争情报相关研究文献作为分析样本,先进行时空维度的计量分析,然后利用信息可视化分析软件Cite Space绘制国家(或地区)共现、所涉及学科领域和共词网络知识图谱,对技术竞争情报的研究热点及趋势进行确定,并对研究热点与前沿领域进行详细阐述。     

An evaluation of adaptive filtering in the context of realistic task-based information exploration

Exploratory search increasingly becomes an important research topic. Our interests focus on task-based information exploration, a specific type of exploratory search performed by a range of professional users, such as intelligence analysts. In this paper, we present an evaluation framework designed specifically for assessing and comparing performance of innovative information access tools created to support the work of intelligence analysts in the context of task-based information exploration. The motivation for the development of this framework came from our needs for testing systems in task-based information exploration, which cannot be satisfied by existing frameworks. The new framework is closely tied with the kind of tasks that intelligence analysts perform: complex, dynamic, and multiple facets and multiple stages. It views the user rather than the information system as the center of the evaluation, and examines how well users are served by the systems in their tasks. The evaluation framework examines the support of the systems at users’ major information access stages, such as information foraging and sense-making. The framework is accompanied by a reference test collection that has 18 tasks scenarios and corresponding passage-level ground truth annotations. To demonstrate the usage of the framework and the reference test collection, we present a specific evaluation study on CAFÉ, an adaptive filtering engine designed for supporting task-based information exploration. This study is a successful use case of the framework, and the study indeed revealed various aspects of the information systems and their roles in supporting task-based information exploration.     

主题模型视阈下的《国家情报法》法律文本分析

[目的/意义]通过分析《国家情报法》法律文本内部的逻辑关系,构建出一个逻辑意义上的模型和框架,既能够使这部法律的内涵和精神更加充分的体现出来,同时也对分析其他类似的法律法规起到借鉴和参考,还能够为在现实中将模型进行实现奠定了基础.[方法/过程]从《国家情报法》的法律文本入手,对文本内容进行必要的处理之后,采用R语言中的...     

面向大国竞争的美国科技情报活动规律研究——以美国打击华为公司为例

[目的/意义]面向大国竞争的美国科技情报活动实质上特指特朗普政府发起中美科技战过程中的科技情报运作体系,中国对这一个问题的研究既紧迫又短缺,需要在理论和实践层面深入探索。[方法/过程]该研究采用案例分析和理论总结的方法,探索面向大国竞争的美国科技情报运作规律。[结果/结论]美国科技情报活动意在封锁中国技术输出,在政府层面具有明确的职能分工和全政府投入特征,以及结构化信息采集与分析、跨部门协同作战等特点。     

知识管理和商务智能关系研究

知识管理和商务智能是改善决策者所获得信息和知识质量的两项核心技术.在概述知识管理和商务智能的基础上,从技术、处理过程、企业文化、加工深度、处理结果等角度对二者的共同点和不同点做了对比分析.对于知识管理(KM)和商务智能(BI)的关系,学术界有三种观点:(1)KM是BI的子系统;(2)BI是KM的帮手;(3)KM和BI是功能互补的系统.为了充分发挥两个系统的优势,弥补各自功能的不足,应该集成知识管理和商务智能.对知识管理和商务智能的三种集成方式做了分析,最后构建了KM和BI并重的集成模型.     

智慧信息服务大数据框架下网络舆情信息集成应用研究

【目的/意义】随着互联网及大数据的飞速发展,网络信息海量涌现,对网络舆情信息集成与分析成为及时 应对用户网络行为规律以及优化政府决策的重要手段。【方法/过程】在分析了网络舆情信息集成的发展现状、研究 意义以及主要研究方向的基础上,辨析了大数据及网络舆情的概念及特征。基于此,本文以智慧信息服务大数据 框架下网络舆情信息为研究对象,结合日志分析法和统计分析法,采用Awstats软件大数据集成技术等对智慧信息 服务大数据框架下网络舆情的主要特征进行全面分析;进一步利用回归系数显著性检验方法,获得网络用户的行 为规律,并将其应用到优化政府决策中。【结果/结论】实证结果表明,描述性分析的回归系数显著性检验结果低于 0.05,推断性分析的回归系数显著性检验结果低于 0.1,相关性和聚类分析的回归系数显著性检验值皆低于 0.001, 说明可根据描述性、推断性、相关性和聚类分析,获得有效的网络舆情集成分析结果,可将其应用到优化政府决策 中。【创新/局限】但由于条件有限,本文设计的集成方法在集成效率方面还有所不足,未来的研究方向可以从提高 集成速度入手,加强舆论信息集成的效果。     

Managing complex engineering projects: What can we learn from the evolving digital footprint?

The challenges of managing large complex engineering projects, such as those involving the design of infrastructure, aerospace and industrial systems; are widely acknowledged. While there exists a mature set of project management tools and methods, many of today's projects overrun in terms of both time and cost. Existing literature attributes these overruns to factors such as: unforeseen dependencies, a lack of understanding, late changes, poor communication, limited resource availability (inc. personnel), incomplete data and aspects of culture and planning. Fundamental to overcoming these factors belies the challenge of how management information relating to them can be provided, and done so in a cost eff ;ective manner. Motivated by this challenge, recent research has demonstrated how management information can be automatically generated from the evolving digital footprint of an engineering project, which encompasses a broad range of data types and sources. In contrast to existing work that reports the generation, verification and application of methods for generating management information, this paper reviews all the reported methods to appraise the scope of management information that can be automatically generated from the digital footprint. In so doing, the paper presents a reference model for the generation of managerial information from the digital footprint, an appraisal of 27 methods, and a critical reflection of the scope and generalisability of data-driven project management methods. Key findings from the appraisal include the role of email in providing insights into potential issues, the role of computer models in automatically eliciting process and product dependencies, and the role of project documentation in assessing project norms. The critical reflection also raises issues such as privacy, highlights the enabling technologies, and presents opportunities for new Business Intelligence tools that are based on real-time monitoring and analysis of digital footprints.     

国内竞争情报人才培养研究现状及问题分析——基于期刊文献的计量与主题分析

[目的/意义]本文旨在发现和揭示国内竞争情报人才培养的研究现状及存在问题,为我国竞争情报人才教育体系的建立健全提供参考,也为今后相关研究提供借鉴。[方法/过程]以国内竞争情报人才培养研究的期刊文献为考察对象,结合文献计量分析与主题归纳分析,借助Ucinet、NetDraw等软件工具,对国内竞争情报人才培养研究现状进行了分析,最后针对存在问题提出了参考建议。[结果/结论]从文献数量上看,近年来国内竞争情报人才培养研究取得了丰富的成果,整体上呈波动发展的态势;国内竞争情报人才培养研究文献集中分布于以《现代情报》为代表的少数几个期刊中;综合发文数量和影响力2个指标分析,发现了8位具有较高影响力的作者;国内竞争情报人才培养研究合著网络密度较小,且具有小世界效应;热点聚类和主题归纳分析结果表明,目前国内竞争情报人才培养研究主要聚焦在3个方面;国内竞争情报人才培养存在的问题可以归纳为3点;最后,针对存在的相关问题为建立健全竞争情报人才培养教育体系提出了4点建议。