不同水平太极拳练习者运动感知特点研究

从太极拳角度来研究关节位置感,一方面在于寻找形成新技能的"关键性线索";另一方面在于探索传统技术的科学性.用关节位置感测定方法对不同水平练习者进行了感觉测量和分析.通过实验得出结论,在运动过程中太极拳选手动作的准确性、稳定性强于一般练习者.     

从文化遗产到文化商品——消费社会中太极拳的发展路径探析

运用文献资料,逻辑分析等研究方法 ,对消费社会中太极拳的发展路径进行了探究。文章的主要内容有:文化遗产:太极拳的生存困境;文化符号:太极拳的消费价值;文化商品:太极拳的发展路径。研究认为:有"文化瑰宝"之誉的太极拳在消费社会中成了"文化遗产";太极拳是中华民族特有的"文化符号";消费社会中太极拳的发展路径主要有:充分发掘太极拳的文化内涵和价值;塑造技术与文化一体化的文化商品;太极拳演艺应加入更多的美学元素。     

太极拳:一种体认和谐的典型音符

在文化学、社会学的视野下对太极拳的和谐思想进行梳理和解读.认为:太极拳多门派的共同发展是和谐理念的最好体现;太极拳技术运动的核心价值观是"阴阳和谐";身心和谐是太极拳的完美追求;太极拳讲究自我与他者的和谐相处;主体与自然的和谐是太极拳的哲学思想基础;和谐美使太极拳成为解读中国传统美学的"钥匙".指出:在当前追求和谐的时代,太极拳是认识和谐、体验和谐的最佳选择.     

中学特色课“八式太极拳”的德育渗透研究

八式太极拳是太极拳的分支,也是中华传统武术文化的一部分。本文采用问卷调查法、对照实验法对新疆乌苏市第五中学特色课"八式太极拳"的德育渗透进行分析研究。发现在中学校园开展特色课"八式太极拳"的教学,不仅有利于学生的身体健康、修身养性,还有利于学生熏陶中华传统文化,从思想、政治、道德上对学生进行规范教育。建议进一步提升体育教师队伍在教学上的综合能力,成立太极拳文化社团,加强中华传统文化渗透。     

论太极拳的自然和谐理念

笔者从中国太极拳的健身价值和深奥的哲理内涵角度,分析和探讨了太极拳自然和谐理念生成的社会文化根源。指出太极拳自然和谐理念是在"阴阳对立统一"和"天人和一"两个思想相互作用、相互渗透下而不断形成和发展起来;它最终成为中国传统拳术中独特的价值理念被确定下来;从本质上看,太极拳自然和谐理念与现代体育所倡导的"和谐发展理念"具有异曲同工的内在一致性。     

人本主义视角下我国普通高校太极拳教学的问题与建议

作为中国民族传统体育经典项目,太极拳是我国普通高校公共体育主要课程之一。然而受多种因素的影响,当前我国普通高校太极拳的课程开展和教学效果并不尽如人意。本研究尝试从人本主义教育视角出发,对太极拳教学的现状及瓶颈问题进行梳理,提出从育人角度改进教学理念,从学生的兴趣出发丰富教学内容,多渠道提升师资力量等举措,以太极拳运动为...     

我国综合性高校留学生武术教学现状研究

通过对我国综合性高校留学生武术教学现状的调查分析,针对研究结果提出:武术教学内容应多样化,以传统套路、太极拳剑为主,其他项目放在课外的校内武术协会或武术社团;教师方面为校内和校外专家聘请相结合;创编适合留学生学习的武术双语教材;为鼓励和激发留学生学习武术的热情,武术管理部门与推广部门的合作,创造类似"CCTV汉语大赛"的"CCTV留学生武术大赛";学校应给留学生武术课以学时学分为保证;改善留学生教学基础设施。     

高校太极拳的学习兴趣培养策略分析

本文主要着眼于太极拳教学方法和教学内容两个角度,结合大学生发展的具体要求和学校的人才培养目标,就“如何提升学生对太极拳学习兴趣”的问题进行分析,结合笔者长期教学实践经验,提出学生兴趣培养的相关策略,以供参考。     

太极拳影响大学生传统文化态度的实证研究

为检验太极拳对大学生传统文化态度的影响,文章考察了家庭熏陶和学校太极拳教学两条途径的效果和交互作用。研究结果表明:1)由于家庭熏陶,有家人练习太极拳的学生对传统文化更加了解和喜欢,也更加愿意学习太极拳;2)太极拳教学能增加学生对传统文化的了解,培养学生喜爱传统文化的积极情感;3)太极拳能对大学生的传统文化态度产生积极作用,但太极拳教学和家庭熏陶两个影响途径存在交互作用,太极拳基础教学对有家人练习太极拳的学生没能产生积极的效果。     

高校太极拳教学现状的分析与探究

太极拳运动是我国传统文化中的瑰宝,是终身体育的最佳运动项目之一。随着大众体育健身热地和高校普系体育教学改革的发展,太极拳运动以其特有的健身功效,在高校广泛开展。这对于传承和弘扬我国传统体育文化太极拳运动,有着深远的意义。但从目前高校太极拳教学现状调查研究中发现：多数大学生对学习太极拳运动的积极性持续不久,之中外形不重内涵,而且教师对太极拳运动教学的认识也参差不齐,教学不尽人意。文章从太极拳自身特点和高校开设的具体情况出发,对太极拳教学中的重点及教学评价等方面的问题进行探讨研究。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.