谈幼儿节能环保教育的途径

节能环保是21世纪的重要主题。在幼儿园实施节能环保教育,要渗透到教育管理与教学内容的日常行为中。幼儿园开展节能环保教育的主要途径有:创建绿色校园,营造育人氛围;敦促学生每日一行;自编环保教材,在课堂上培养学生探究能力;利用节假日加强学生的公益教育等。     

Identifying and evaluating teachers’ knowledge in relation to child abuse and neglect: A qualitative study with Australian early childhood teachers

Child abuse and neglect are serious social problems that make extraordinary demands on teachers’ knowledge and professionalism. Yet the field of education has been slow to develop a discipline-specific knowledge base about child abuse and neglect for teachers and teacher education programmes and there is a paucity empirical research into teachers’ knowledge in relation to child abuse and neglect. This paper describes a qualitative study of eight purposively selected early childhood teachers. To identify and evaluate their child abuse and neglect knowledge, Grossman's [(1990). The making of a teacher: Teacher knowledge and teacher education. New York: Teachers College Press; (1995). Teachers’ knowledge. In L. W. Anderson (Ed.), International encyclopedia of teaching and teacher education (2nd ed., pp. 20–24). Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon] typology of teachers’ knowledge is used as an analytic framework on which to map the teachers’ interview data. Findings reveal that, in the absence of preservice and inservice education specifically about child abuse and neglect, early childhood teachers held and deployed knowledge in resourceful ways. They used, as a basis, their existing early childhood knowledge and adapted this knowledge by augmenting it with a range of personal and professional knowledge resources to fit their particular challenges and situations. This approach, however competent and innovative, also reveals shortfalls in knowledge. Implications of this research are drawn for child abuse and neglect curriculum development in initial and continuing teacher education including the case for specialist knowledge needed to establish teachers’ professional reputation for dealing capably with cases of child abuse and neglect.     

清代方略与纪事本末体史书的比较研究

清代的方略，虽仍属纪事本末体，但已不同于传统的纪事本末体史书：在采撰取材上不同；是一种官修纪事本末体史书；是清朝的军事战争专史，“一事一书”是它的一个鲜明特点；服务于现实政治的倾向更突出。方略是纪事本末体史书发展的新形式。     

Maternal experiences of childhood abuse and intimate partner violence: Psychopathology and functional impairment in clinical children and adolescents

Objectives

The current study examined the independent effects of mothers’ childhood abuse (CA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) on psychopathology and functional impairment in children; and the potential moderating and mediating role of individual and family factors in these relationships. Additionally, this study explored the potential cumulative effects of both maternal CA and IPV on children's outcomes.

Method

The sample included 547 Spanish children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years, and their parents, who had accessed mental health services. The assessment was based on structured interviews with the children and their parents. Statistical analyses were carried out through hierarchical multiple, negative-binomial and logistic regressions, and Structural Equation Models.

Results

Children whose mothers experienced CA and those whose mothers suffered physical IPV showed increased DSM-IV disruptive disorders and externalizing behavior problems, respectively. Children who directly observed physical IPV and also suffered physical punishment by parents showed increased internalizing problems. IPV had effects, either direct or indirect by physical punishment, on children's externalizing problems. Cumulative effect analyses indicated that the prevalence of disruptive disorders was highest in children whose mothers had suffered both CA and IPV.

Conclusion

Spanish children whose mothers have suffered CA, IPV or both, are at high risk of serious conduct problems, whereas children exposed to IPV and who were also physically abused are at greater risk of internalizing problems. Physical punishment of children contributes in part to explain externalizing problems of IPV-exposed children. These findings indicate potential targets of assessment and intervention for families seeking help in mental health services.     

行走在民国百姓的餐桌旁——《民国杭州饮食》解读与评介

《民国杭州饮食》是近期一部研究民国饮食文化的佳作。本文从纲领、治史观念、民国杭州名菜演变等角度,解析和评价该书。该书是全方位研究民国杭州饮食的首部著作,其在史料考证、价值立场、研究方法和撰写方式上都表现出著者治学的严谨和新意。全书生动细腻的再现民国杭州百姓饮食习俗和风貌,是该领域经典之作。     

Association between psychosocial stressors with emotional and behavioral problems among children of low-income addicted families living in Brazil

BackgroundChildren exposed to substance use in their families are vulnerable to multiple risk factors in their development and at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems. The aims of the study were as follows 1) estimate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among children aged 6–11 years old, living with addicted family members in a low-income urban community of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil; 2) evaluate the children’s exposure to family psychosocial stressors and substance use; and 3) investigate the factors related to the increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems and substance use.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 children aged 6–11 years old (M = 9.16 years, SD = 1.61). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Psychosocial Stress Factors (PSF).ResultsHigh prevalence of problems was found for this sample: the CBCL showed 26.7% of clinical scores for Internalizing Problems, 40.6% for Externalizing Problems, and 40.6% for Total Problems. Exposure to family psychosocial stressors was also high, including severe disease (33%), physical aggression (28.9%), death (27.8%), psychiatric hospitalization (16.7%), suicide attempts (15.5%), and suicide (9.3%). Exposure to these family stressors was associated with an increase of two to four times in the prevalence of internalizing and externalizing problems.ConclusionsChildren exposed to substance abusers have more mental health problems than general population, even when compared to peers living in similar low-income areas. This is a group that should be target of a selective preventive intervention.     

The New Zealand earthquakes and the role of schools in engaging children in emotional processing of disaster experiences

The earthquakes that rocked the city of Christchurch and surrounding districts in Canterbury, New Zealand, were to take their toll on families, schools and communities. The places that had once represented safety and security for most children were literally and figuratively turned upside down. Rather than reinforce the trauma and continue to frame children as passive victims, the study reported here aimed to help children reframe their experiences through active engagement in participatory research projects. This article reports on three schools drawn from a UNESCO-funded project in which schools recorded their earthquake stories. While children were the centre of each of the school’s earthquake stories, schools engaged children to different extents in their chosen projects. These three schools exemplify different places along a continuum of children’s engagement in research on their own experiences. In one school, children, families, teachers and the principal all contributed to an illustrated book of their experiences. In another school, children created a series of mosaic panels to record the community’s story before, during and after the earthquakes. In the third school, children became documentary makers and interviewed other children about their earthquake experiences. In all cases, children found their projects positive and helpful activities, enabling them to put their experiences into a broader context. This article argues that schools have an important role to play in providing emotional processing activities which help children gain perspective and distance as part of their recovery from large-scale disaster events.     

Classification of children with learning problems and the establishment of special classes in Delaware from the 1930s to the mid-1940s

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on J. E. Wallace Wallin, who recognised the rights of children with disabilities to receive an education, and who tackled the scientific classification of children and the provision of special classes in the state of Delaware from the 1930s to the middle of the 1940s. This study intends to clarify how Wallin recognised and classified children who exhibited learning problems, and how he provided an educational environment for them. Wallin advocated the democratic philosophy of providing differentiated education based on the individual differences among children. He classified children with learning problems as “mentally deficient”, “backward”, and “special subject-matter disabilities”. He also recommended special educational treatment in not only special classes but also regular classes. He insisted that regular class teachers and special class teachers share the responsibility of educating children with disabilities. However, in addition to tailoring education based on the diversity exhibited by children with learning problems, it is essential to tailor it for disabled children in public school special classes established in their communities. In terms of both human and material resources, it was difficult to address learning problems suitably in regular classes while improving the quality and quantity of education in special classes.     

浅谈新劳动法出台后高校编制外合同聘用人员档案管理工作的应对

在新劳动法出台施行后,原有的高校编制外聘用人员档案管理模式,将导致高校在对编制外聘用人员的人力资源配置、利用上滞后,不利于对高校全范围编制外聘用人员的有效管理,而且面临着劳动用工管理、劳资纠纷等问题。因此,需要围绕“按照新劳动法的规定、参照原正式工档案录入”的原则,对编制外聘用人员的档案管理进行调整。     

经术与诸子:廖平、蒙文通的经史传承与民国学术

对经学价值的探讨是近代学术史的重要课题,从廖平到蒙文通的学术传承为研究这一问题提供了重要视角。蒙文通对经学的研究侧重于对学术自身发展与演进轨迹的探讨,他打破了传统经学研究的壁垒,注意到先秦诸子与经学之间的互动,并以此解释经学的周秦之变。基于对儒家经解的研究,他将诸子之学纳入儒学系统中探讨,形成了自己独特的经学研究方法。蒙文通经学研究方法的形成和他与其师廖平的学术传承密切相关。蒙文通虽然不认同老师廖平晚年的观点,但廖平的"大小"、"天人"学说却打通了诸子间的壁垒,且暗合中国传统学说整体化的时代趋势,从而为蒙文通的经学研究创造了条件。蒙文通在廖平经学研究的基础上,打破孔子的权威,也就在廖平处解放了诸子。蒙文通通过自己的研究,对清季民初的经学归宿为何的历史性问题给出了自己的答案,他用历史的眼光来看待经学的发展,但其治学宗旨是强调经学对中国历史、文化之特殊价值,从而为经学正名。     

创建陕南生态保护与发展示范区的战略途径与发展模式

要实现陕南的突破发展,可建立“陕南生态保护与发展示范区”这样一个工作平台。从体制、产业模式、运行机制等方面进行大胆创新,以实现生态淘汰的保护与开发,推动贫困山区群众的脱贫致富。