Political censorship: A different view

This article originally appeared in the March 1989 issue ofPS.     

美国联邦政府人力政策的起源

自立国之初,美国联邦政府和地方政府的某些政策已经涉及到人力资源的开发和利用。罗斯福新政的以工代赈和杜鲁门政府追求"最大限度的就业"的政策奠定了美国联邦人力政策的基础。从冷战思维出发实施的复兴欧洲和第四点计划的经验和教训证明了人力资本是一种重要的社会资本。上述政策内容共同构成战后美国联邦人力政策的起源。     

Animate affects: censorship,reckless pedagogies,and beautiful feelings

ABSTRACT

This paper argues that affect bears a potent teaching capacity. To do so, it explores the intensities that built around a student-teacher's dismissal from a US school placement. In this incident, the topic of homophobia in a poetry lesson elicited a buzz among students that enacted a pedagogy that exceeded the speaking subject. It was these animating capacities of affect, the author argues, that were deemed particularly threatening by the school. Affect as pedagogy puts pressure on legacies that position the human, usually the teacher, as the sole locus of pedagogy in the classroom and that privilege telos-driven notions of curricular ‘progress’. The paper concludes by drawing connections between the animating capacities of affect and larger debates around trigger warnings on curricular materials. The author suggests that, rather than seeking to foreclose intensities in classrooms, educators might pay more attention to how affect offers richly generative, but often overlooked, sites of pedagogical force.     

市场经济体制下行政审批制度改革探析

"行政审批"与"行政许可"并不是同一概念,二者有着较大的差异。市场经济体制下行政审批制度有其存续的价值,但是由于本身固有的缺陷制约了市场经济的发展,因此必须对它进行改革。改革的实质是彻底转变政府职能。     

苏联疆域剧变的联邦制因素

由于历史与现实的原因,苏联联邦制的建立缺乏坚实的根基,再加上实行＂民族区域原则＂和＂双重主权原则＂,致使联邦制不是在强化统一的国家认同和整体功能意识,而是在强化各加盟共和国的民族认同和局部功能意识。苏联联邦制因缺乏充分整合各民族形成强有力的民族凝聚力的能力而成为苏联疆域剧变的一个重要原因。     

Comprehensive Services for Children and Families: The Federal Role

Comprehensive services for children and families bring together an array of formal services and informal supports and make them available and accessible at the community level with a goal of improving the well-being of children and families. Since the early 1970s, federal policy has moved between periods of support for integrating services and support for separate and discrete programs. Three streams of change in the federal role in comprehensive services are traced over the past 10 years: (a) a change from supporting the process of integrating services to providing incentives for achieving results for children and families, (b) a change from focusing on service providers to focusing on customers, and (c) a change from supporting projects to changing the systems that serve children and families. Despite these changes and the devolution of responsibility for many social programs to the states, there is still a need for a federal role in supporting system change to serve children and families. The federal government can be most effective when a high-level agency takes on a leadership and coordinating role in support of comprehensive community efforts.     

An analysis of guidelines for expert reviewers

Forty eight sets of recommendations identified by their authors as practical heuristics for the evaluation and revision of instructional materials were reviewed and consolidated. These guidelines were extracted from professional journals, book chapters and independent publications. Initially, all items were compiled, and then sorted into three categories according to their specific focus: content (subject matter), design, and presentation. In a second sort, identical items were eliminated and semantically equivalent items were grouped together. Three independent judges performed the same tasks for reliability. The outcome is a comprehensive list of 67 items, representing all of the reviewed guidelines. This instrument could be a successful aid in identifying deficiencies of instructional materials in the areas of content, design and presentation.