实行中小学教师定期流动制的影响因素与对策

如果说教育事业是一个国家生存和发展的根本,那么教师便是促进该项事业不断发展的推进力。但目前教师资源严重分布不均,阻碍教育资源均衡配置与实现教育公平,这在很大程度上影响了我国教育事业的发展。文章提出教师定期流动制,分析了该项制度在目前推行的局限性：教师待遇、区域经济文化差异、教师队伍管理模式等因素阻碍教师流动,并提出相应的对策。     

Factors Affecting Teachers’ Adoption of Technology in Classrooms: Does School Size Matter?

Researchers in educational technology have searched for factors to explain teachers’ acceptance and resistance to using technology for instruction. Among the many identified factors, however, organizational and school factors have not yet been explored and discussed. This study investigates the effects of school size on science and mathematics teachers’ adoption of technology in classrooms. Using national survey data collected from 940 science and mathematics teachers at junior high schools in Taiwan, we employed factor analyses, log-linear analyses, and three-way ANOVA techniques to examine interactions among school factors and teacher factors. Results obtained from the log-linear analyses suggested that both the interactions of school region with school size and school size with technology users were needed to explain teachers’ use of educational technology in classrooms. It appears that teachers at small schools were more likely to use technology for instructional purposes. Additionally, results of the study revealed that teachers at small schools tended to have positive attitudes toward technology use and that among users of educational technology in southern Taiwan, teachers at small schools designed and used significantly more instructional activities with technology. This study suggests that small schools provide a better environment for science and mathematics teachers to implement educational technology in instruction.     

Middle School Science Teachers’ Confidence and Pedagogical Practice of New Literacies

Due to the rapid advancements of information and communication technologies (ICTs), educational researchers argue that multimodal and new literacies should become common practices in schools. As new ICTs emerge and evolve, students need the new literacies skills and practices to successfully participate fully in the civic life of a global community. Are teachers prepared to integrate ICTs in the classroom to develop students’ new literacies skills? The purpose of this study is to suggest a new literacies framework that guides ICTs integration and supports scientific inquiry, as well as investigate middle school teachers’ confidence to practice new literacies in science classrooms. The study adopted mixed-methodology design, surveyed 32 middle school science teachers’ ICTs and new literacies skills, and randomly observed 15 teachers’ new literacies practices in the classrooms. The results revealed that even though teachers have high confidence in using ICTs, the meaningful technology integration and new literacies practices were scarcely observed in their classroom practices.     

县域义务教育教师资源均衡配置的法律制度设计

教师资源均衡配置是义务教育均衡发展的核心要素,也是制约义务教育均衡发展的瓶颈.由于我国教育立法的不完善和教师身份的法律冲突,导致越优质的学校拥有越多的优质教师资源,教师资源均衡配置相当艰难,一定程度上制约了义务教育向均衡发展方向迈进.明确和统一教师在政府与学校之间的法律地位,完善教师聘任制,建立教师定期流动制等法律制度设计有利于促进县域内义务教育均衡发展.     

Cognitive Preferences in Agriculture of Middle‐School Students and their Teachers‡

Summaries

English

A special cognitive‐preference inventory dealing with agriculture was developed, validated and administered to 943 middle‐school students and their teachers. This is the first reported study of cognitive preferences of 7th and 8th grade (12 to 13 year‐old) students. The inventory was found to be a valid and reliable measure of cognitive preferences related to agricultural topics studied in Israeli schools.

Preference for application (A) was found to be negatively correlated in different students with either recall (R) or principles (P) or critical questioning (Q).

Studying the ‘new’ agriculture compared with the ‘old’, resulted in a lower preference for R and a higher preference for A. Female students had, on the average, a higher preference for R and P while males tended to prefer A and Q. Children whose fathers were simple workers had the highest preference for R while children whose fathers were academics had the lowest preference for R. Teachers, when compared with their students, had a much higher preference for P and a much lower preference for R. A close correspondence was found between reported emphasis in classroom tests and the cognitive‐preference modes of teachers.

     

Teachers’ Sickness Absence in Primary Schools,School Climate and Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy

Training programmes may compromise governors' ability to offer an authentic lay’ input. The article reports the views of governors interviewed about their perceptions of the need for a degree of expert status. It is tentatively suggested that training courses may be contributing both to a sense of inadequacy and to the tendency to become ‘incorporated’ into an institutionalised role. Some models of governor training are considered in relation to their possible effects.     

The Impact of Primary School Teachers’ Expectations of Pupils,Parents and Teachers on Teacher Track Recommendations

To advance the understanding about primary school teachers’ allocation process of pupils during the transition to secondary education, this study aims to investigate the influencing teacher expectations of teacher track recommendations. Using a qualitative research design consisting of an inductive approach, interview data were gathered from 15 Flemish sixth-grade teachers. The results indicate that foremost teacher expectations of pupils, more specifically of pupils’ perceived motivation or interests and learning attitude, were considered by teachers as influencing their track recommendations. Although empirical evidence was also found for the impact of expectations held by teachers about pupils’ parents and about themselves as teachers, as well as about teaching, teachers’ awareness of the impact of one’s own expectations was limited.     

教师流动:问题与破解——基于安徽省城乡教师流动意愿的调查分析

研究表明,不同地域群体、年龄群体、性别群体、职称群体的教师对于推行定期流动制表现出不同的意愿与态度。变单一获利为多方共赢,变城乡倒挂的教师编制标准为向农村地区、薄弱学校倾斜的编制标准,变单一的流动推进为多维度的师资队伍建设,变外力型刚性流动为具有实效的可持续的内力型流动是目前构建科学合理的教师流动机制的主要实践对策。     

A Comparison of High School Teachers’ Instructional Postures in Regular Classrooms and in Computing Environments

ABSTRACT

High school teachers' classroom behaviors were observed and compared with their behaviors in the computing environment to determine whether or not the computer might act as a catalyst to promote facilitative behavior in teachers. No significant difference was found in terms of increased facilitative behavior in computer classrooms. However, female teachers adopted more facilitative postures in the computing environment than did male teachers, and the teachers with the greatest number of years of experience in teaching with computers appeared to exhibit more directive postures in both the regular and computing setting than did teachers with fewer years of experience. Implications of this for teacher education are discussed.     

A Survey of Primary School Teachers’ Understanding and Implementation of Moral Education in Trinidad and Tobago 1

Abstract

Results from a survey of teachers’ understanding and implementation of moral education in primary schools in Trinidad and Tobago are presented here, against consideration of the role of moral education in schooling. The paper discusses the range of moral curricula available for the implementation of moral education in schools and constraints on implementation in the classroom. It also compares the need for and applicability of moral education programmes in developing and developed countries. In Trinidad and Tobago, noted for its population and religious mix, the role of moral education has been given importance from the highest levels at the Ministry of Education and elsewhere in government. The survey of a representative sample of teachers in primary schools throughout the country showed that they largely felt themselves responsible for introducing moral education to their pupils, although they rarely drew upon any specific curriculum. They tended to take a ‘virtues’ approach in their teaching of moral education, and were generally satisfied with the results of their efforts. There were few differences between understanding and implementation of moral education that could be attributed to age, sex, experience or responsibilities of the teacher, or the age of the pupils. These results are not just characteristic of a developing country as they mirror earlier findings in England and elsewhere.

     

Primary Physical Science for Student Teachers at Kindergarten and Primary School Levels: Part II—Implementation and Evaluation of a Course

Interchange - This is the second of two papers on a novel physical science course for student teachers that develops and uses an imaginative approach to Primary Physical Science Education....     

The Influence of University Coursework on Pre-service Middle and High School Teachers’ Experiences with Multicultural Themes

The study explored the influence of university-based teacher education courses on pre-service middle and high school teachers’ experiences with multicultural themes in a secondary science alternative certification program. Eight participants (N = 8), six women and two men, volunteered to be a part of the study that took place over a period of four semesters. Qualitative data was collected, coded and analyzed to make meaning of the participants’ experiences. Data comprised of participants’ reflective journals, personal and group interviews, and classroom observations done in middle school practicum and high school student teaching placements. The findings indicated that while the participants became more familiar with the themes of multicultural education, many did not demonstrate fluency with these themes and struggled with balancing their responsibilities as a science teacher and a culturally competent teacher.     

县域教师流动制度:区域师资配置均衡化的重要保障

教师流动是促进教师资源合理配置的重要手段。建构县域教师流动制度,对保障区域师资配置均衡化和实现基础教育均衡发展具有重要意义和价值。建构县域教师流动制度要遵循薄弱地区优先发展等四个基本原则。     

Cultivation of Positive Psychological Quality for Primary School Students： Connotation and Approaches

Positive psychology focuses on positive energy and good training of students＇ positive psychological quality helps to better dig this paper, the positive psychological quality training should be the work. Pupils should develop their positive personality quality cooperative organization system should be built as a positive through qualiiies of human. In primary schools, the and exert students＇ psychological potential. In focus in the school mental health education positive emotional experiences. Parent-school psychological quality training platform. Parent-school cooperation, classroom teaching and students＇ club activities are three ways proposed in the paper for the cultivation of positive mental quality.     

“轮校执教”与教师流动

“轮校执教”是指在一定区域内，一个教师在一所学校连续任教一段时间后，按规定到其它不同水平的学校任教的制度。“轮校执教”的目的是保证各校间师资和教育水平的相对均衡。“轮校执教”虽受到了人们的普遍关注，但不同的国家使用的名称并不一致。在我国与其相似的表达主要有“定期轮岗制度”“教师城乡交流”“教师定期轮换”“教师定期交流制度”“师资流动制度”“轮岗支教”等。     

Primary School Teachers’ Understanding of Science Process Skills in Relation to Their Teaching Qualifications and Teaching Experience

This study investigated the understanding of science process skills (SPS) of 329 science teachers from 52 primary schools selected by random sampling. The understanding of SPS was measured in terms of conceptual and operational aspects of SPS using an instrument called the Science Process Skills Questionnaire (SPSQ) with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.88. The findings showed that the teachers’ conceptual understanding of SPS was much weaker than their practical application of SPS. The teachers’ understanding of SPS differed by their teaching qualifications but not so much by their teaching experience. Emphasis needs to be given to both conceptual and operational understanding of SPS during pre-service and in-service teacher education to enable science teachers to use the skills and implement inquiry-based lessons in schools.