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1.
We engage with recent applications of the Marxist “labor theory of value” to online prosumer practices, and offer an alternative framework for theorizing value creation in such practices. We argue that the labor theory of value is difficult to apply to online prosumer practices for two reasons. One, value creation in such practices is poorly related to time. Two, the realization of the value accumulated by social media companies generally occurs in financial markets, rather than in direct commodity exchange. In an alternative framework, we offer an understanding of value creation as based primarily on the capacity to initiate and sustain webs of affective relations, and value realization as linked to a reputation based financial economy. We argue that this model describes the process of value creation and appropriation in the context of online prosumer platforms better than an approach based on the Marxist labor theory of value. We also suggest that our approach can cast new light on value creation within informational capitalism in general. 相似文献
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Christian Fuchs 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):179-196
This article argues that in informational capitalism, the notion of class should not be confined to capital as one class and wage labor as the other class. The notion of class needs to be expanded to include everybody who creates and recreates spaces of common experience, such as user-generated content on the Internet, through their practices. These spaces and experiences are appropriated and thereby expropriated and exploited by capital to accumulate capital. The rise of informational capitalism requires us to rethink the notion of class and to relate the class concept to knowledge labor. 相似文献
3.
Eran Fisher 《The Information Society》2018,34(1):40-48
In the 1990s the aphorism “information wants to be free” reigned supreme, limiting our thinking in consequential ways. In actuality this aphorism was a fragment of a much more nuanced statement by Steward Brand, who also talked about “information wants to be expensive.” It seemed for quite a while that there was no resolution to the contradiction: information as both free and expensive. Eventually Web 2.0 resolved this contradiction by providing an architecture where information could be both free and expensive. Web 2.0 was not a product of technological advances: social media, wikis, big data platforms, and so forth. It was borne out of the understanding that free information on media platforms could yield profitable data on users. This article lays bare the discursive moves through which this understanding came about. 相似文献
4.
John Michael Roberts 《The Information Society》2016,32(1):28-39
Some argue that the “co-creative labors” of “prosumers,” who often work for free on social media sites, represent new types of exploitation insofar that they provide novel ways for capitalists to accumulate surplus value. For others, however, prosumers illustrate how capitalism is now dominated by commercial and noncommercial informational networks that build brand value in innovative ways, especially through “immaterial” relations of communication and information. This article argues that each perspective has limitations. By working from an alternative Marxist perspective the article outlines some of these limitations and then argues that co-creative labor and prosumers are best explored as representing unproductive labor that helps transfer, but not produce, already generated surplus value from the productive to unproductive spheres of the global economy. Through their free labor, prosumers thus have the potential to cut costs for new media companies in the unproductive sphere of the economy. The article further suggests that the “unproductive” actions of prosumers are compatible with a financialized form of knowledge capitalism. 相似文献
5.
Carrie Heeter 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):61-64
Peter G. W. Keen, Shaping the Future: Business Design Through Information Technology Harvard Business School Press, 1991, 264 pp. 相似文献
6.
符号政治经济学是鲍德里亚早期文本中的重要思想,是一个在现代工业社会中成立的命题。鲍德里亚认为,在今天的社会中,商品不再作为一种使用价值而存在,同时物也不再作为商品而存在而是作为一种符号而存在,充斥整个世界的不是商品而是符号。鲍德里亚通过对商品使用价值、交换价值、人的需要和商品拜物教的否定,从而彻底否定了马克思的政治经济学。他断言马克思的政治经济学的核心已经发生了本质的变化,要推动政治经济学的发展必须把政治经济学全面推进到符号政治经济学。 相似文献
7.
Govindan Parayil 《The Information Society》2005,21(1):41-51
The far-reaching advances in information and communications technologies (ICTs) in tandem with the globalization of trade, investment, business regulation, production, and consumption have signaled the rise of “informational capitalism.” This article reflects on the social and economic inequalities of informational capitalism by examining two contradictions of ICTs-led economic development—increasing returns and the digital divide. Two main and interrelated strands of evidence are presented: First, contrary to expectations that rising income per capita will tend to reduce wealth and wage disparities, the distribution of income and wealth both between countries and individuals has sharply skewed in the information age; second, knowledge production is a self-reinforcing cycle that tends to disproportionately reward some and exclude others. The so-called digital divide is as much a symptom and a cause of these broader techno-economic phenomena, and regarding it as a simple issue of connectivity is simplistic and reductive. 相似文献
8.
技术进步和社会生产力的发展,使以科技创新、生产管理、社会服务和教育培训为主的第三产业在国民经济和社会发展中的作用不断提高。大量社会服务业并不制造有形产品,却能提供包括效率、便利、精神享受等在内的效用。社会服务领域的大发展已经造就了一种新的经济形态,这就是服务经济。超越劳动价值论,确立劳动-效用相统一的价值论,就能使服务劳动及其价值得到充分的经济学解释。 相似文献
9.
This perspective explores the production of user-generated content by contrasting two analyses that are convergent in some respects, divergent in others. In our first line of analysis we use the work of Negri (1996) and Moulier-Boutang (2007) on “cognitive capitalism” to extend some elements explored by Fuchs (2010; 2012) and Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012) on labor and value. This approach foregrounds the adaptability of capitalism and suggests that workers are endowed with “an inventive subjective power” that simultaneously influences and reproduces the mode of production. Our second line of analysis explores the later work of André Gorz (1997; 2003), who invites us to imagine a society in which social relationships would no longer be determined by the laws of the market, a postmarket utopia. This approach points to the importance of collective organization and relational value production of user-generated content and suggests recentering the debate not around individuals and their labor, but on the web of affective connections between them. 相似文献
10.
Bruce Robinson 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):44-51
This perspective examines the source of value in Web 2.0 enterprises such as Facebook and Google by analyzing the advertising model that supplies the bulk of their revenues. Drawing on Marx's understanding of the circulation of value within the capitalist economy as a whole and his concepts of unproductive labor, subsumption of labor, costs of circulation, commercial capital, and primitive accumulation, we analyze the economic relationships of Web 2.0 capital, proposing that revenues from advertising come from value produced in non-Web 2.0 sectors of the economy. On this basis we critique both Fuchs's and Arvidsson and Colleoni's positions on the origin of value in Web 2.0 and recognize some of the difficulties and contradictions of the advertising model as a form of monetization of free services for Web 2.0 capital. 相似文献
11.
对社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值论的时代思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在充分肯定马克思劳动和劳动价值理论的历史和现实价值的基础上，分析了100多年以来的时代发展对传统的劳动和劳动价值理论提出的挑战，在时代因素和制度因素的结合上对社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值理论作了初步分析，提出了深化对社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值论认识应该创新的几个观念，最后分析了科学认识社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值论的重要理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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运用马克思劳动价值论分析技术和专利作为商品的二因素,可以发现技术和专利的价值都不包含\"不费分文\"的前人科研劳动成果,专利作为商品出售所获得的剩余价值有限,专利作为生产资料发挥其使用价值能够在专利保护期内获得持续的超额剩余价值,在专利实际工作中专利运营的最终目标还应放在专利作为生产资料的实施应用上来。 相似文献
13.
文章对邓小平提出的“什么是马克思主义”和“什么是社会主义”两个历史之问,进行了较详细的讨论,并从这两个问题入手,以中国社会经济发展的史实和中国共产党发展壮大所经历的艰难曲折为依据,系统地讨论和阐明：为什么马克思主义的政治经济学认为,生产力的发展才是决定人类社会发展进步,最主要和根本的动力。而作为反映和总结人类社会这一历史进程的理论——政治经济学,包括马克思主义理论本身,也必将在这一进程中不断发展和丰富,有所扬弃,有所进步,有所发展。中国革命的经验对马克思主义理论的贡献,就是最好的证明。而当代社会生产力随着科学技术的飞速发展与进步,特别是高度信息化、网络化与智能机器人的发展和应用,不仅鲜明地表明：先进的科学技术不仅对当代社会生产力的决定性的推动,还直接导致传统意义下的工人和农民群体正在萎缩,并将逐步消失。这就不可避免地冲击了马克思主义政治经济学中,关于劳动价值和剩余价值的基本理论。文章作者提出的具体方案是：当今社会财富,即使用价值的产生和积累,并非简单的等于工人和农民创造的劳动价值,而是由他们所创造的价值,再乘以广义的科技放大因子。后者包括了智力劳动所带来的一切提高效率和创新的科技成果,以及规划和管理、市场推广、营销等带来的效率提高。在当今社会,这一效率因子,特别是某些高技术领域,可以很大。这就具体而定量地刻画了：科学技术是第一生产力。文章还可以进一步证明：这一广义科技效率因子,就是古典经济学中的全要素生产率。这不仅为马克思的政治经济学补上了当今经济社会生活中不可或缺的重要经济学概念,同时也给古典经济学中凭经验,唯象地引入的 Solowresidue（索洛剩余）参数,赋予了实体的内涵。 相似文献
14.
Fuchs (2010, 2012) argues that users of social media produce value and surplus value in the Marxian sense. Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012) critique this hypothesis, claiming that Marx's theory of value is irrelevant to the regime of value production on social media platforms in particular and in informational capitalism in general. They claim that the affective relations and financial speculations that generate value on social media are not dependent on labor time. This article critically engages Fuchs, and Arvidsson and Colleoni, by revisiting Marx's theory of value. Contra Fuchs, we argue that audiences do not produce value and surplus value—neither for social nor for mass media. Contra Arvidsson and Colleoni, we argue that so-called affective relations (philia) do not produce value either. Instead we demonstrate that social media generate revenue from four primary sources—by leasing advertisement space to generate advertisement rent, by selling information, by selling services to advertisers, and by generating profits from fictitious capital and speculative windfalls. All four, we argue, can be adequately explained by Marx's theory of value. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了亚洲金融危机的起源,指出了危机并非是投机而是生产过剩引起的,并证实了马克思的经济价值论,指出劳动价值论不仅影响劳动商品价格还影响非劳动商品价格。 相似文献
16.
劳动价值论和效用价值论作为经济学学科的基础理论之一,对商品价格的形成和发展发挥着不可替代的作用。通过研究两种理论关于商品价格决定的分歧,得出劳动价值论和效用价值论共同决定商品价格波动的范围,市场供求关系决定商品价格的确定值。为提出科学的价格分析机制,须辨证地看待供求均衡论以及重视供给侧结构性改革。 相似文献
17.
Ramesh Srinivasan 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):49-60
Networks are both imagined and directly experienced. While most people have trouble concretely explaining what networks are and how they structure our world, very few doubt their prominence in an increasingly globalized world where information moves at a dizzying pace. Networks speak to the link between the local and global—linking an event in a small village in Tunisia to the evening news in London. Yet they bind peoples and ideas not only across distance, but also in proximity. How are such networks imagined by peoples across dimensions of class, religion, gender, and generation in the dynamic environment that is revolutionary Egypt today? This article presents initial findings from initial ethnographic and interview-focused fieldwork conducted with Egyptians across a range of demographics. It presents insights around how technological, institutional, and human networks coordinate to present convergent and divergent actions, insights that shape an ever-changing Egyptian political reality. 相似文献
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《The Information Society》2007,23(4):235-250
Rob Kling's legacy is a corpus of work that exemplifies the craft of inquiry and the social enterprise of science. This article examines his contribution to social informatics through an analysis of the multiple theories, methods, and sources of evidence he relied on to make his arguments about the social life of computing and the consequences of computerization. His citation identity demonstrates that he transcended disciplinary boundaries but grounded his analysis of the political and social order in interpretive theory and critique. Kling created a working vocabulary for theorizing about computerization and social life. His sustained inquiry and critique, a very public record of his work, enthusiasm, and charisma, contributed to the penetration of his ideas and the fostering of a world-wide community of interest for a domain of study called social informatics. 相似文献
20.
Alice Robbin 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):235-250
Rob Kling's legacy is a corpus of work that exemplifies the craft of inquiry and the social enterprise of science. This article examines his contribution to social informatics through an analysis of the multiple theories, methods, and sources of evidence he relied on to make his arguments about the social life of computing and the consequences of computerization. His citation identity demonstrates that he transcended disciplinary boundaries but grounded his analysis of the political and social order in interpretive theory and critique. Kling created a working vocabulary for theorizing about computerization and social life. His sustained inquiry and critique, a very public record of his work, enthusiasm, and charisma, contributed to the penetration of his ideas and the fostering of a world-wide community of interest for a domain of study called social informatics. 相似文献