Issues in the management of web technologies: a conceptual framework

The current spate of activities in Electronic Commerce draws upon many web-based technologies. Inspite of the large amount of literature being put out on Electronic Commerce, there is no coherent model or theory bearing on issues of the management of Web technologies. This paper makes a beginning in this direction by outlining a conceptual framework for management of Web technologies. The existing literature in the Mangement of Information Technology reveals four major themes: management of investment; management of change; management of quality; and management of technology organization. This paper elaborates on all the four themes in the light of Web technologies.     

The Politics of Search: A Decade Retrospective

In “Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters,” Introna and Nissenbaum (2000) introduced scholars to the political, as well as technical, issues central to the development of online search engines. Since that time, scholars have critically evaluated the role that search engines play in structuring the scope of online information access for the rest of society, with an emphasis on the implications for a democratic and diverse Web. This article describes the thought behind search engine regulation, online diversity, and information bias, and it places these issues within the context of the technical and societal changes that have occurred in the online search industry. The author assesses which of the initial concerns expressed about online search engines remain relevant today and discusses how technical changes demand a new approach to measuring online diversity and democracy. The author concludes with a proposal to direct the research and thought in online search going forward.     

Neither relativism nor imperialism: Theories and practices for a global information ethics

We highlight the important lessons our contributors present in our collective project of fostering dialogues both between applied ethics and computer science and between cultures. These include: critical reflexivity; procedural (partly Habermasian) approaches to establishing such central norms as “emancipation”; the importance of local actors in using ICTs both for global management and in development projects – especially as these contribute the trust essential for the social context of use of new technologies; and pluralistic approaches that preserve local cultural differences alongside shared norms. May Thorseth then contextualizes our work vis-a-vis broader philosophical discussions of deliberation and democracy.     

基于Web服务的教师管理系统的设计与实现

基于Web服务及XFire,运用Struts,EJB等关键技术,设计并实现了一个松耦合的教师管理系统解决方案。通过EJB数据模块实现对数据操作的封装,通过Web服务技术实现业务逻辑对EJB数据模块的访问,使得它们不依赖于彼此的实现技术和运行环境,具有更好的灵活性和可扩展性;同时,也考虑了教师管理系统与教育信息化项目中其他系统交互的问题。     

学习型网络信息素质教育平台的研发

对信息素质网络教育平台进行了系统需求分析,介绍了平台开发技术,探讨了学习理论基础及3种Web教学模式,并设计了4个子系统:信息检索技能子系统、信息意识与道德子系统、信息分析与组织子系统以及平台管理子系统。     

Applying the technology acceptance model to a Spanish City Hall

This paper examines the relative importance and significance of the four technology enablers introduced by Davis (1989) in the technology acceptance model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using and behavioural intention) for use on four different levels of citizen engagement in e-government (null, publish, interact and transact). An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) is developed to test citizen engagement towards online e-government services from a sample of 307 citizens who used the benefits advisor tool within a Spanish City Hall. Although the proposed model follows TAM and explains the intention towards the actual use of e-government by postulating four direct determinants, “A, PU, PEOU and BI” have been considered as parallel processes, meaning that each can have separate influence in different levels of citizen engagement. To achieve this goal, a multinomial logistic regression is developed and tested to confirm the explanatory power of the four technology enablers on the four different levels of e-government. Our findings further suggest that in order to implement e-government, some of the enablers matter more than others to move from one level of citizen engagement to another. The main contribution of the paper is to question the use of existing models which seek to represent the relationship between technology enablers and the adoption of e-government services without considering their impacts on citizens’ engagement. The implications of the findings are discussed and useful insights are provided in relation to policy recommendations geared to create appropriate conditions to build citizens’ engagement intent of use of e-government services.     

走向有效的公众参与科学——论科学传播“民主模型”的困境与知识分工的解决方案

科学传播中公众参与科学的民主模型是通过政治想象翻译成协商民主来实现的。过去二十年中,虽然公众参与科学无论在理论还是实践上都取得了巨大成就,但也面临着与公共政策中决策科学化与民主化相同的两难困境,使公众参与科学流于表面。这一困境产生的原因在于缺乏自我反省的体制化科学异化公众,进而导致在协商过程中科学家与公众政治地位不平等。实际上,科学家与公众拥有不同类型的知识,关注科学风险的不同维度。通过知识的劳动分工,公众负责决定目标,科学家负责实现目标,可以走向真正有效的公众参与科学。     

“公众科学”研究——公民参与科学新方式

科学传播的理论与实践在经过“科学普及”、“公众理解科学”、“科学对话”等阶段时候开始逐渐进入“公众参与科学”领域。然而传统的“公众参与科学”所强调的实践多集中在科学民主化与科学决策上。“公众科学”概念的出现开始将“公众参与科学”引入到一个全新的科学知识生产领域。本文梳理了“公众科学”概念在西方语境中的提出与发展,并将其与科学传播体系中的其他相关概念进行了比较分析,并结合实际案例阐述了“公众科学”项目的实践模式。最后,在比较“公众科学”在实践中的利弊的基础上为其未来发展提出了讨论。对“公众科学”领域的研究不仅有助于我们与西方科学传播领域的研究相接轨,更有助我们利用全新的理论体系与实践方法为提高公民科学素养提供助力。     

Investigating context factors in citizen participation strategies: A comparative analysis of Swedish and Belgian smart cities

Modern cities currently face numerous challenges related to mobility, waste management, access to resources, etc. Smart Cities integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) to develop innovative solutions that can solve such challenges and create a higher quality of life for their citizens. Two elements need to be considered for smart cities to be successful. First, citizens must participate in the design of the smart city to take advantage of their ideas so that the smart city answers their real needs. Secondly, each city has its own unique characteristics that need to be considered to design a citizen participation strategy truly tailored and adapted to their respective context. In line with these two considerations, the goal of this paper is to identify the context factors that impact citizen participation strategies in smart cities. In order to reach that goal, we performed a qualitative case study of two cities that strive to be smart: Namur (Belgium) and Linköping (Sweden). This analysis allows us to understand how participation is implemented in two different cases and to infer the context factors that impact the respective strategies. Five context-factors have been identified in this study: the smart city consideration, the drivers for participation, the degree of centralization, the legal requirements, and the citizens’ characteristics. By identifying these factors, we can derive context-dependent recommendations about citizen participation for smart cities. These recommendations are then applied to the case of Brussels in Belgium.     

培育农民的公民意识，提升民主素质

当前农民公民意识有待提高,培育农民的公民意识有助于其民主素质的提高。提高农民的公民意识可以通过对公民进行教育,进而促进其民主政治参与。通过教育方面的努力,可以促使公民意识的加强,并逐渐促使农民的公民意识的形成和发展。农民的政治参与纳入制度化、规范化的轨道对于农村民主事业的发展将起到巨大的推动作用。     

高校学生信息管理系统开发

高校办学规模的扩大使需要管理的学生信息剧增,对学生信息管理提出了严峻的挑战,传统的信息管理模式已经无法满足工作需求。本文根据当前高校学生信息管理工作的内容及特点,以软件工程学为指导思想,结合信息管理系统技术,设计并实现了一个基于SSH框架的高校学生信息管理系统,希望以此为同行提供有益的参考。     

Web服务与企业信息系统集成

Web服务是发布到Internet/Intranet上的应用程序模块，可用来建立分布式应用系统和进行企业信息系统集成，本文简单介绍了Web服务的主要特点，实现步骤以及有关的技术，并就基于Web服务的企业信息系统集成问题做了进一步的讨论。     

基于Java Servlet的Web信息系统开发技术分析

本文主要研究Java Servlet技术，分析了Java Servlet三种访问模型，对Java Servlet的功能、生命周期进行了介绍，详细介绍了Java Servlet的调用方法，并对Servlet如何利用连接管理器高效地管理数据库连接进行了详述。最后简述了基于Java客户服务器技术的Web信息库开发方案的发展趋势。     

The effects of information literacy on trust in government websites: Evidence from an online experiment

Information and communication technologies in use in government systems can bring about expected benefits only when citizens are willing and able to use such systems. Previous studies from various disciplines provided a fundamental understanding of human behavior with technology adoption that focused mainly on the technical and supply sides of this adoption. We argue that it is necessary to move away from an assumption that users form a homogeneous group under the phenomenon of the digital divide. Having conducted an online experiment, this study empirically examined the effects of personal factors, particularly the perceived information literacy, and the perceived information overload, on the user’s perceptions on the usefulness and trust in a government website. We find that the higher an individual perceives one’s information literacy, the more he or she trusts the website, and this is mediated by one’s perceived information overload (negatively) and perceived usefulness (positively). This research provides a more balanced understanding of the behavior of e-government adoption, supplemented with the details of citizen engagement factors, and specifies meaningful practical implications for successful e-government policies.     

Managing complex engineering projects: What can we learn from the evolving digital footprint?

The challenges of managing large complex engineering projects, such as those involving the design of infrastructure, aerospace and industrial systems; are widely acknowledged. While there exists a mature set of project management tools and methods, many of today's projects overrun in terms of both time and cost. Existing literature attributes these overruns to factors such as: unforeseen dependencies, a lack of understanding, late changes, poor communication, limited resource availability (inc. personnel), incomplete data and aspects of culture and planning. Fundamental to overcoming these factors belies the challenge of how management information relating to them can be provided, and done so in a cost eff ;ective manner. Motivated by this challenge, recent research has demonstrated how management information can be automatically generated from the evolving digital footprint of an engineering project, which encompasses a broad range of data types and sources. In contrast to existing work that reports the generation, verification and application of methods for generating management information, this paper reviews all the reported methods to appraise the scope of management information that can be automatically generated from the digital footprint. In so doing, the paper presents a reference model for the generation of managerial information from the digital footprint, an appraisal of 27 methods, and a critical reflection of the scope and generalisability of data-driven project management methods. Key findings from the appraisal include the role of email in providing insights into potential issues, the role of computer models in automatically eliciting process and product dependencies, and the role of project documentation in assessing project norms. The critical reflection also raises issues such as privacy, highlights the enabling technologies, and presents opportunities for new Business Intelligence tools that are based on real-time monitoring and analysis of digital footprints.     

Transformative computing approaches for advanced management solutions and cognitive processing

This paper will describe Transformative Computing technologies as a new area of modern information sciences, which plays crucial role in development future IT technologies. Transformative computing allow to join communication technologies, and data processing techniques with advanced AI solutions, which allow to analytically process and manage acquired data. It enhances possibilities of efficient data analysis, and thanks to the application of AI, opens a new areas of data exploration towards planning, decision supporting, and advanced secure information management in distributed systems. In this paper we'll focus on new possible areas of transformative computing applications, especially for semantic information processing, as well as cognitive data reasoning.     

多媒体资源管理系统的设计与实现

随着Web2．0时代的到来,越来越多的人涌入到互联网的大潮之中。更加庞大、繁杂、凌乱的资源被上传、发布和下载,存储在网民的个人电脑里,并且在网民之间频繁的传递、交换和更新。传统的资源管理系统已经不能有效的对这些资源进行管理和提供新的功能需求上的支持。该系统创新性的引入了标签的概念对资源进行分类式管理,以树型结构展示资源,管理起来高效而便捷。系统采用先进的MVC设计模型,在微软．NET框架下构建,具有极强的功能扩展性。     

网络时代政治文化的传播与管理

网络在中国的发展和普及为促使了参与型政治文化的培育和发展,给人们提供了分享与创造更多信息的可能.成为进行公民政治社会化的新型政治传播渠道,但也导致了强势政治文化霸权的扩张,国家对政治信息控制的弱化以及公民信仰的消解诸多问题。针对网络化趋势给中国政治文化传播带来的具体影响,本文提出了网络政治文化的管理策略,使网络能够在中国政治文化建设中充分地发挥积极作用。     

Consequences of media information uptake and deliberation: focus groups' symbolic coping with synthetic biology

Whenever a new, potentially controversial technology enters public awareness, stakeholders suggest that education and public engagement are needed to ensure public support. Both theoretical and empirical analyses suggest, however, that more information and more deliberation per se will not make people more supportive. Rather, taking into account the functions of public sense-making processes, attitude polarisation is to be expected. In a real-world experiment, this study on synthetic biology investigated the effect of information uptake and deliberation on opinion certainty and opinion valence in natural groups. The results suggest (a) that biotechnology represents an important anchor for sense-making processes of synthetic biology, (b) that real-world information uptake and deliberation make people feel more certain about their opinions, and (c) that group attitudes are likely to polarise over the course of deliberation if the issue is important to the groups.