History and Habit in the Mobilization of ICT Resources

Evidence demonstrates that the digital divide is deepening despite strategies mobilized worldwide to reduce it. In disadvantaged communities, beyond training and infrastructural issues, there often lies a range of cultural and historically formed relationships that affect people's adoption of ICTs. This article presents an analysis of local resident's engagement with their council's pilot project to develop a computer facility in their community center. We ask, to what extent can people in poor urban communities, once trained, be expected to volunteer to work on furthering community education and development in ICTs in their local area? Findings indicate four patterns of individual engagement with the computer project: reflexive, utilitarian, distributive, and nonparticipatory. It is argued that local people engaged with the intervention in historically patterned and locally distinctive ways that served immediate personal and pragmatic ends. They did not adopt the long-term strategic goals of the council or university.     

ICT Inclusion and Gender: Tensions in Narratives of Network Engineer Training

Government, major information and communications technology (ICT) companies, and educational institutions in the United Kingdom currently claim that ICT skills training offers inclusion into the new economy. We focus on a private-public training initiative and its impact on the socially excluded, specifically lone women parents. Narrative data from four United Kingdom educational sites participating in this computer network engineer training program highlight a systemic paradox: that ICT skills development initiatives designed to support lone women parents are simultaneously working in opposition to broader policy goals such as work-life balance and ironically serve to reproduce the participants' classification as socially excluded. The assumptions underpinning the model of social inclusion driving the ICT skills training course are analyzed critically using the concepts of community of practice, classificatory systems, and marginalization. Our findings suggest that ICT training courses and initiatives should be accompanied by changes in pedagogic practice that accommodate the more wide-ranging needs of those targeted for inclusion, as well as changes in employment settings. We conclude by exploring the implications of this for government policy formation, business vendor qualifications, the design of ICT skills training initiatives, and our understanding of the role of ICT skills in overcoming the digital divide.     

我国数字鸿沟的社会效应分析

数字技术在给我们带来诸多便利的同时,也带来了新的不平等和新的社会分化,这就是数字鸿沟.数字鸿沟对社会产生的影响即是数字鸿沟的社会效应.教育鸿沟、性别鸿沟、城乡鸿沟是其3个主要方面.直接影响着经济社会的和谐发展.     

Determinants of ICT Usage among Low-Income Groups in Colombia,Mexico, and Peru

The authors examine the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) usage among low-income people in three developing countries: Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Using two composite indicators, they focus on cross-country differences and similarities in ICT usage across gender, age, education, and income levels. The authors’ analysis indicates that the single most important factor limiting the digitalization of low-income people in all three countries was lack of education. The impact of income itself was low although positive. Their findings also suggest that comprehensive measures that mix standard ICTs with very advanced ones can be misleading.     

国际互联网发展现状分析及思考

国际互联网在世界范围内飞速发展,联网计算机和网络用户数每天都在激增,互联网改变了人们的生活,但是,国际互联网发展的不平衡带来了数字鸿沟,造成发达国家与发展中国家的信息不对称,使得全球信息安全问题更加突出,从而使全球政治经济的稳定受到威胁,向世界各国,特别是发展中国家提出新的挑战。所有的国际组织和国家应该把促进国际互联网的平衡发展当作自己的责任,共同关注和确保发展中国家信息时代的发展权,建立公平合理的国际互联网价格体系,为实现全球经济的全面和共同繁荣而努力。     

Promoting Broadband and ICT Access for Disabled Persons: Comparative Analysis of Initiatives in Asia-Pacific Region

Despite the promise of broadband to improve the lives of persons with disabilities, there are wide disparities in access and usage between disabled and nondisabled populations. This article examines ten case studies of policies and programs promoting ICT and broadband access for persons with disabilities in the leading economies of the Asia-Pacific region, in order to identify factors behind programs that succeed on the basis of effectiveness and cost efficiency.     

国外二级鸿沟研究综述

目前,国外学界对二级鸿沟问题的研究十分关注,已取得不少研究成果.文章对国外围绕二级鸿沟展开的相关研究进行了总结,具体包括二级鸿沟的提出过程、二级鸿沟的含义,二级鸿沟的形成原因及解决措施等,并分析了二级鸿沟的研究意义.     

Making a Community Network Sustainable: The Future of the Wired High Rise

Much time and money has been committed by governments, private business, and the third sector over the last 5 years in establishing opportunities for underserved populations to gain access to new forms of information and communication technologies, in an effort to overcome the so-called “digital divide.” This article traces the efforts that have been made to establish a networked community at a single high-rise public housing estate in inner Melbourne, Australia, and considers some of the potential opportunities for and barriers to ensuring the continuity of the network, which is large, complex, costly, and potentially fragile, into the future.     

Making a Community Network Sustainable: The Future of the Wired High Rise

Much time and money has been committed by governments, private business, and the third sector over the last 5 years in establishing opportunities for underserved populations to gain access to new forms of information and communication technologies, in an effort to overcome the so-called “digital divide.” This article traces the efforts that have been made to establish a networked community at a single high-rise public housing estate in inner Melbourne, Australia, and considers some of the potential opportunities for and barriers to ensuring the continuity of the network, which is large, complex, costly, and potentially fragile, into the future.     

电子商务对返乡创业绩效的作用及影响机制研究

为了回答互联网和电子商务等技术手段在农村地区的逐渐普及是否有助于缩小城乡之间的“数字鸿沟”这个问题,本文运用一项在2019年针对返乡创业者的全国性调查数据考察了电子商务对返乡创业企业经营绩效的影响。研究发现,电子商务显著提高了返乡创业企业的经营绩效,并且这一结论在考虑了内生性问题后仍然成立,说明电子商务的使用有助于缩小城乡之间的数字鸿沟,但又产生了返乡创业者群体之间的“数字鸿沟”。进一步,电子商务可以通过增强信息获取优势、扩展市场性关系网络和风险承担能力来提升返乡创业绩效。另外,电子商务对中西部地区的企业、中型及以上规模企业以及第一和第二产业企业的经营绩效提升作用更大。有关部门应继续鼓励互联网技术创新,扩大中西部农村的互联网普及率,加强对小微企业的电商培训力度,以缩小不同创业者群体、地区、企业和行业之间的“数字鸿沟”。     

Community Technology and Community Building: Early Results from the Creating Community Connections Project Special Issue: ICTs and Community Networking

As community technology and community-building initiatives move toward greater synergy, there is a great deal to be learned regarding how they can be mutually supportive, rather than mutually exclusive. This article sheds light on the possibilities inhered at this nexus. The project that constitutes the basis for this paper is the Camfield Estates–MIT Creating Community Connections Project, an ongoing effort at Camfield Estates, a predominantly African-American, low- to moderate-income housing development. As part of this project, we worked with residents to establish a technological infrastructure by offering every family a new computer, software, high-speed Internet connection, comprehensive courses, and a web-based community-building system, the Creating Community Connections (C3) System, that I codesigned with residents. This article presents an overview of the Camfield Estates–MIT project, theoretical framework developed in relation to this work, research design and methodology, project methodology and timeline, and early results. It concludes with a set of recommendations for the community technology and community-building movements.     

Community Technology and Community Building: Early Results from the Creating Community Connections Project

As community technology and community-building initiatives move toward greater synergy, there is a great deal to be learned regarding how they can be mutually supportive, rather than mutually exclusive. This article sheds light on the possibilities inhered at this nexus. The project that constitutes the basis for this paper is the Camfield Estates-MIT Creating Community Connections Project, an ongoing effort at Camfield Estates, a predominantly African-American, low- to moderate-income housing development. As part of this project, we worked with residents to establish a technological infrastructure by offering every family a new computer, software, high-speed Internet connection, comprehensive courses, and a web-based community-building system, the Creating Community Connections (C3) System, that I codesigned with residents. This article presents an overview of the Camfield Estates-MIT project, theoretical framework developed in relation to this work, research design and methodology, project methodology and timeline, and early results. It concludes with a set of recommendations for the community technology and community-building movements.     

从网络信息无障碍的角度探讨缩小数字鸿沟

在简单介绍网络信息无障碍和网站无障碍设计的基础上,从网络信息无障碍的角度探讨如何缩小数字鸿沟.重点论述网站无障碍设计在缩小数鸿沟中所起的作用,如何通过网站无障碍设计来缩小地区之间、城乡之间的数字鸿沟,青少年和中老年人之间的数字鸿沟,残疾人和健康人之间的数字鸿沟.     

统筹城乡发展背景下重庆市城乡数字鸿沟及其影响因素的实证研究

本文构建了城乡数字鸿沟的测度指标体系,对重庆市2003-2014年城乡数字鸿沟及其影响因素进行了实证分析。研究发现重庆市的城乡数字鸿沟整体上呈现不断扩大趋势。经济因素、城乡居民受教育程度的差异以及地理、制度因素等是城乡数字鸿沟的重要影响因素。文章提出了相应的对策措施以弥合城乡数字鸿沟,促进城乡统筹发展。     

江苏省高职院校图书馆数字资源建设与利用调查分析

采取网络调查与问卷调查方法,对江苏省80所高职院校数字资源建设及学生利用情况进行调查,分析其存在的问题．对如何做好江苏省高职院校数字资源建设提出建议。     

基于数字鸿沟与教育鸿沟的高校馆读者信息素质塑造冷思考

本文作者从普通高校图书馆践行信息教育职能的实际情况出发,在分析了数字鸿沟、教育鸿沟产生的原因及负面影响后,指出了图书馆在填充高等教育鸿沟工程中的重要作用,并阐述了几项切实可行的操作方法,供业内人士参考、商榷。     

增进与超越——一个关于互联网对社会资本影响的研究综述

不管是个体层次的社会资本研究者,还是群体层次的社会资本研究者,其观点的背后都认为社会资本存在于社会网络之中（Lin1995,2003）。社会网络（含社区、社团及其他组织）参与情况,可以用来评估互联网对社会资本的影响。已有的研究成果表明,互联网的推广和应用一方面增进了传统形式的社会资本,另一方面又由于其自身的特点,丰富、补充,甚至超越了传统社会资本的形式。     

我国数字鸿沟的空间表现及原因分析

文章介绍了数字鸿沟的概念,用GIS软件表现出我国数字鸿沟空间差距并给予相应的分类,分析了我国地区间和城乡间数字鸿沟的具体体现,并对产生这种数字鸿沟的原因给予相应的具体分析。     

浅谈社群信息学

阐述了网络社会、数字鸿沟和黑客精神这三个概念对社群信息学发展的推动作用;简单讨论了社群信息学的概念,明确了社群信息学与社会信息学的关系及区别,概述了社群信息学的理论意义。     

“数字鸿沟”与我国企业文化的系统分析

"数字鸿沟"不仅是宏观问题,更是体现在企业信息化差距的微观问题.本文从企业文化角度出发,采用系统分析方法,将企业文化分为3个结构体系:物质文化、行为文化和精神文化,并通过这3个结构体系研究企业"数字鸿沟"产生的原因,最后提出企业跨越"数字鸿沟"需要在企业营造一种相互信任、始终学习、开放融合、主动创新、灵活应变和人本精神的企业文化.