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Rebecca Knuth 《The Information Society》1999,15(1):11-19
Because of rapid developments in information technology, abuses of sovereignty by authoritarian governments have received much publicity in recent years, raising public consciousness of massive human rights violations to new levels. Contributing to the dialogue on the influence of information technology on social systems, this article explores (1) the contested role of information in disaster relief efforts, (2) the clash of political and social values emerging from the use of information within the international community's involvement in high-profile crises, such as those in Somalia, Bosnia, and Rwanda, and (3) the resultant rethinking of government's power within national borders, sovereignty. With life-anddeath stakes, international affirmation of a free flow of information during disasters is emerging as a global human rights mandate. 相似文献
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我国<气象灾害防御法>的立法构想包括总则、气象灾害防御组织、气象灾害防御计划、气象灾害预防、气象灾害应急措施、气象灾后复原重建、其他及附则等八章,重在构建双重多级气象灾害防御机制,确保国家财政与地方财政有关气象灾害防御的定期投入,建立资源同化与信息共享制度,创建"以民间商业投资为主、以国家基础投入为辅"的气象灾害复原与重建制度并建立一整套违法惩处机制,在法律保障和法律监督的前提下完善"体现民生、实现和谐"的气象灾害防御体系. 相似文献
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近些年,在国家政策的大力支持下,"农超对接"这个全民项目开展得如火如荼。该项目是一项有利于国民、有利于政府的宏伟壮举,农民、商家、消费者实现了互利共赢。由于该项目开展时间较短,所以该项目的实施范围还不是很广,更为突出的是其信息化建设不健全,网上交易系统构建更加缺失。提出了一套合理的网上交易系统构建方案,并详细分析研究了在农产品生产基地与超市之间的动态信息流;对"农超对接"网上交易系统做出评估并进行了总结。 相似文献
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学校信息设备管理与使用有3个参与方:财务部门、信息设备管理部门和使用者,账务部门侧重于资产管理,使用者不参与管理,因此信息设备管理的主角是设备管理部门(通常是信息中心)。设备管理部门的工作包括设备需求规划、设备选型、设备采购、安装调试、日常使用、日常维护、故障维修、报废处理等环节。建立信息设备管理信息系统需要确定信息设备管理的基本流程、构建信息设备基本信息库、编制信息设备管理应用程序。在介绍学校信息设备管理内容的基础上,建立了信息设备管理基本流程,并构建了信息设备基本数据集,以期为建立信息设备管理信息系统提供基础。 相似文献
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信息时代企业组织单位的设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本论文根据顾客需求的复杂性和企业产品技术的复杂性,将信息时代企业内的组织单位——过程团队分成职能过程团队、产品过程团队、项目团队、业务员等四种类型,深入分析了这四种过程团队的特点、适用条件及其建立的前提条件。最后,总结出信息时代企业组织结构的模式。 相似文献
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结合酒店自身特点和商业规则,建立了一个结构合理的综合管理信息系统,集酒店的入住、餐饮、票务于一体,给出了系统的功能分析,并对各个级别的用户职能作了较详细的解析。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):391-401
Online gambling utilises advanced telecommunications technology to provide access to gambling across national borders, presenting unprecedented opportunities for industry and new challenges for government regulation and national sovereignty. It also promises to revolutionise the way people gamble, raising critical issues about social and economic impacts. Nations have taken a variety of approaches to online gambling, ranging from unregulated legalisation to prohibition, creating a perplexing and uncertain legal environment. This paper will examine the development of Internet and interactive gambling, the responses by governments and industry, and the issues for policy-makers and regulators. 相似文献
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煤矿是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一。而采矿引起的一系列地质灾害不仅威胁矿区安全,而且影响和制约着经济的发展,从而引发一系列社会问题和矛盾。大同地区最主要的矿山地质灾害是以煤矿开采引发的地面塌陷。而遥感作为信息获取的快速、有效的工具,具有宏观性好、更新周期快、人为因素干扰小等优点,可以直接为地质灾害监测的决策者提供丰富的客观数据,还可以通过推理、演绎和归纳等科学方法,提炼出需要的科学数据,这样不仅丰富了地质灾害监测决策的技术手段,还大大提高了决策的效率。 相似文献
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科技支撑是应对突发公共卫生事件的重要引擎,如何通过科技支撑体系的建设提升应急管理能力是当下亟待解决的问题。从TOE框架出发,基于NCA和fsQCA分析法,探究科技支撑对我国突发公共卫生事件处置水平的影响机制。研究发现:生物医疗创新、数字技术创新、监测预警能力、成果转化产业环境是影响突发公共卫生事件处置水平的必要条件;突发公共卫生事件高处置水平组态存在4类驱动路径,即科技—政策驱动、数字创新驱动、制度创新驱动和预警驱动型,这些路径有助于突发公共卫生事件的应对,保护公众健康,促进社会的稳定,推动“健康中国”新发展。 相似文献
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During crises, there is a need for a large amount of information in a short period. Such need creates the base for misinformation to spread within and outside the affected community. This may result in misinformation harms that can generate serious short term or long-term consequences. In such situations, there is a need for a joint human-machine effort to mitigate misinformation. Though there has been research in the area of management of AI in the recent past, there has been scarce work in examining situations where machines and humans interact for mitigating misinformation. In order to systematically analyze misinformation and suggest mechanisms for mitigation, we draw on Activity Theory to conceptualize a suitable framework. Such a framework will enable investigating human-machine interactions through loops of “misinformation generation” and “misinformation mitigation” activities for mitigating misinformation harms. The paper also validates the framework using three different target audiences, undergraduates, graduates and professionals. 相似文献
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Advances in GPR-based landmine automatic detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As an application of mechatronics, this paper presents the advances in surface-adaptive ground penetrating radar (GPR)-based anti-personnel landmine detection project in Nagoya University. These advances can be summarized in three items: (1) GPR manipulation where a low-pressure-tire vehicle capable of moving inside a mine field, to facilitate machine-based sensing in place of manual sensing, is applied; (2) enhancement of underground landmine suspects’ images through geography adaptive scanning and measurements signal processing of a vector frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) GPR; (3) GPR fusion with metal detector (MD) for automatic decision making through experimental-based fuzzy learnt fusion rules. The state-of-art of these advances as well as directions for future research work is to be presented. 相似文献
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The complex and uncertain environment of the humanitarian response to crises can lead to data bias, which can affect decision-making. Evidence of data bias in crisis information management (CIM) remains scattered despite its potentially significant impact on crisis response. To understand what biases emerge in complex crises and how they affect CIM, we conducted a combined interview and document analysis study. Focusing on the largest humanitarian crisis in the world, i.e., the conflict in Yemen, we conducted 25 interviews with managers and analysts of response organizations, and assessed 47 reports and datasets created by response organizations in Yemen. We find evidence of a cycle of bias reinforcement through which bias cascades between field, headquarters and donor levels of crisis response. Researchers, as well as practitioners, need to consider these underlying biases and reinforcement loops because they influence what data can be collected when, by whom, from whom, and how the data is shared and used. To the CIM literature, we contribute an in-depth understanding of how four types of data bias emerge in crises: political, accessibility, topical, and sampling bias. 相似文献
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In this case study, a collaborative risk method for information security management has been analyzed considering the common problems encountered during the implementation of ISO standards in eight Turkish public organizations. This proposed risk method has been applied within different public organizations and it has been demonstrated to be effective and problem-free. The fundamental issue is that there is no legislation that regulates the information security liabilities of the public organizations in Turkey. The findings and lessons learned presented in this case provide useful insights for practitioners when implementing information security management projects in other international public sector organizations. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):271-276
Television's coverage of the tragic events of September 11 can be viewed and understood as a paradigmatic disaster marathon. The salience of the attack's visual images, their exclusivity on the screen for a protracted period, and the invisibility of their perpetrators enhanced the attack's effectiveness. The paper highlights a number of problems that the September 11 disaster marathon poses to the profession of journalism and to society, and points out possible remedies for the future. It ends with a short discussion of the ways in which television's coverage of the event both resembled and differed from the media-event model, and of theoretical aspects of its unique dimensions as a disaster marathon. 相似文献
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现代社会与信息经济学 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
信息经济学是经济学的一个重要分支。随着近半个世纪来信息技术的飞速发展,人类文明已进入信息社会,社会生产与生活的经济行为主要的反映为信息相关性,信息经济构筑了国民经济的基础,信息产品有形性与信息价值的无形性集中反映于信息设施的技术与信息传递的水平。本文从社会发展的客观性出发,对社会经济的特点进行一定的分析,研究社会经济结构及其长期发展的本质,对信息经济学的产生及未来趋势进行讨论。 相似文献
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秩序是自然界、社会进程以及思想精神层面中存在某种程度的协调性、连续性和确定性。重大自然灾害是一场秩序大地震:它动摇和颠覆了灾区的自然秩序、社会秩序与精神秩序。因此,灾后重建不仅仅是物质家园的重建,更重要的是秩序的重建。秩序的重建使人与自然关系重新和谐、人与人关系重新协调、人与自我关系重获意义 相似文献