论外文数据库的利用

造成高校图书馆外文数据库利用率低的原因,既有读者的外语水平欠缺、信息能力不高等主观因素,也有数据库质量良莠不齐、针对性和适用性不强、网络设施滞后等客观原因。在分析原因的基础上,本文提出从加强用户教育、提高外文数据库质量、改造信息技术设施、加强电子阅览室管理和宣传开发工作等几个方面着手提高其利用率。     

Design,development and utilization perspectives on database management systems

This paper reviews the historical development of integrated database management systems and examines the competing approaches. Topics covered include management and utilization perspectives, implementation and design issues, query languages, security, integrity, privacy and concurrency. Extensive references are provided.     

Performance issues in distributed shared-nothing information-retrieval systems

Many information-retrieval systems provides access to abstracts. For example, Stanford University, through its FOLIO system, provides access to the INSPEC database of abstracts of the literature on physics, computer science, electrical engineering, etc. In this article, this database is studied by using a trace-driven simulation. It focuses on a physical-index design that accommodates truncations, inverted-index caching, and database scaling in a distributed shared-nothing system. All three issues are shown to have a strong effect on response time and throughput. Database scaling is explored in two ways. One way assumes an “optimal” configuration for a single host and then linearly scales the database by duplicating the host architecture as needed. The second way determines the optimal number of hosts given a fixed database size.     

电子病案系统的优势与潜在问题

为了推进医疗信息化建设,电子病历系统的实施势在必行。以我院目前试运行的情况可见,电子病案系统优势明显,但也存在潜在问题,入财政问题,电子病案的信息安全新,编码的准确性等等,虽然如此但是其都可通过技术和政策手段加以改进。总的来说应用电子病案技术对患者与社会以及医院自身的发展大有益处。     

A framework and databases for measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems

Scholarly literature on the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has increased sharply over the past five years. The surge in interest has also heightened the demand for robust empirical measures that capture the complexity of dynamic relationships among ecosystem constituents. We offer a framework for measurement that places collaborative relationships among entrepreneurs, firms, government agencies, and research institutions at the center of the ecosystem concept. We further emphasize the four roles of the federal government as a catalyst, coordinator, certifier, and customer in shaping these relationships. Despite the central importance of these firm-government interactions, there is surprisingly little research on suitable methodologies and appropriate data for systematically and reliably incorporating them into measures of ecosystem health. Our study aims to address this gap in the literature by first developing a conceptual framework for measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems and then describing an array of accompanying databases that provide rich and detailed information on firms and their relationships with government organizations, accelerators, and research institutions. A major advantage of our approach is that all the underlying databases are drawn from non-confidential, publicly available sources that are transparently disclosed and regularly updated. This greatly expands the potential community of scholars, managers, and policymakers that may independently use these databases to test theories, make decisions, and formulate policies related to innovation and entrepreneurship.     

Barriers to electronic mail systems in developing countries

Abstract

Proponents of electronic mail systems (EMS) claim that they increase the productivity and efficiency of operations. Their use has mushroomed in the last five years in industrialized nations. The use of such systems in less developed countries is, however, practically nonexistent. This paper examines the barriers to their use in those countries. These barriers are divided into four categories: technical, economic, political, and social. Some strategies for dealing with those barriers are also presented.     

Decision support systems in academic planning: Important considerations and issues

Academic planning is becoming a very complex problem due to a variety of changes that have impacted the availability of funds for education. Some of these changes such as demographic shifts, social pressures and technological advances are external to the academic institution affected. These factors make planning increasingly important. This paper describes the use of technologically available tools to combat the problems faced in the planning activities at universities. It proposes the use of mathematical models and forecasting techniques to predict and therefore plan for change with enough leadtime so as to make these changes effective. This paper describes how administrators can allocate limited resources to where they are most effective. A model-based decision support system which is used by the decision-maker in planning and responding quickly to changes is presented. The system includes a number of alternative quantitative techniques that vary in complexity to suit the decision-maker's needs of forecasting change before it happens so as to plan for it. The changes insure the requisite quality of graduates. The system also identifies popular software packages referred to as spreadsheets to evaluate “what if” scenarios of budgets and enrollments.     

A conceptual framework for fuzzy query processing—A step toward very intelligent database systems

This paper is concerned with techniques for fuzzy query processing in a database system. By a fuzzy query we mean a query which uses imprecise or fuzzy predicates (e.g. AGE = “VERY YOUNG”, SALARY = “MORE OR LESS HIGH”, YEAR-OF-EMPLOYMENT = “RECENT”, SALARY ? 20,000, etc.). As a basis for fuzzy query processing, a fuzzy retrieval system based on the theory of fuzzy sets and linguistic variables is introduced. In our system model, the first step in processing fuzzy queries consists of assigning meaning to fuzzy terms (linguistic values), of a term-set, used for the formulation of a query. The meaning of a fuzzy term is defined as a fuzzy set in a universe of discourse which contains the numerical values of a domain of a relation in the system database.The fuzzy retrieval system developed is a high level model for the techniques which may be used in a database system. The feasibility of implementing such techniques in a real environment is studied. Specifically, within this context, techniques for processing simple fuzzy queries expressed in the relational query language SEQUEL are introduced.     

An efficient method for the retrieval of objects by topological relations in spatial database systems

In this paper, we present a new method to improve the performance of query processing in a spatial database. The previous approach can process the retrieval of spatial objects by topological relations using R-tree structures based on minimum bounding rectangles. In our approach, we add internal rectangle to the leaf nodes of the R-tree as additional information for helping objects retrieval. As a result, the number of false hits can be reduced and part of the true hits can be identified at the early stage of searching. The experiments demonstrated that the performance of database systems can be improved because both the number of objects accessed and the number of objects requiring detailed inspection are much less than those in the previous approach.     

A semantics and image retrieval system for hierarchical image databases

This work presents a content based semantics and image retrieval system for semantically categorized hierarchical image databases. Each module is designed with an aim to develop a system that works closer to human perception. Images are mapped to a multidimensional feature space, where images belonging a semantic are clustered and indexed to acquire its efficient representation. This helps in handling the existing variability or heterogeneity within this semantic. Adaptive combinations of the obtained depictions are utilized by the branch selection and pruning algorithms to identify some closer semantics and select only a part of the large hierarchical search space for actual search. So obtained search space is finally used to retrieve desired semantics and similar images corresponding to them. The system is evaluated in terms of accuracy of the retrieved semantics and precision-recall curves. Experiments show promising semantics and image retrieval results on hierarchical image databases. The results reported with non-hierarchical but categorized image databases further prove the efficacy of the proposed system.     

A design for an online bibliographic database: The DOBIS-LIBIS database

The database to be used with an online bibliographic information system must meet a number of requirements which are often not satisfied by conventional database management systems. Most important of these is the requirement for full authority file control over the indexes to the database. This paper reviews the special requirements of a bibliographic database and shows how they are met in the database system of DOBIS-LIBIS (Dortmund Library System-Leuven Library System).     

电子科学与技术专业电子实习课程建设探索

电子科学与技术类大学本科学生往往对电子元器件及其测量仪器了解不多,通常是只知道理论,元器件具体什么样,如何进行测量和选择,知之甚少。有的到了大学四年级毕业设计阶段才开始接触实践课程,刚了解到皮毛就毕业走上工作岗位了,真正成为了人们所说的只会空谈的"理论家"。     

Big data: the driver for innovation in databases

<正>INTRODUCTION Advances in the technology frontier have resulted in major disruptions and transformations in the enterprise-wide information technology infrastructures.For the past three decades,classical database management systems have maintained a feverish pace in realizing signiicant eiciencies in dealing with the vast amount of information that needs to be maintained to model the operational characteristics of large-scale enterprises.Database research and     

Big data: the driver for innovation in databases

<正>INTRODUCTION Advances in the technology frontier have resulted in major disruptions and transformations in the enterprise-wide information technology infrastructures.For the past three decades,classical database management systems have maintained a feverish pace in realizing signiicant eiciencies in dealing with the vast amount of information that needs to be maintained to model the operational characteristics of large-scale enterprises.Database research and     

Transparency and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia

Wikipedia is known as a free online encyclopedia. Wikipedia uses largely transparent writing and editing processes, which aim at providing the user with quality information through a democratic collaborative system. However, one aspect of these processes is not transparent—the identity of contributors, editors, and administrators. We argue that this particular lack of transparency jeopardizes the validity of the information being produced by Wikipedia. We analyze the social and ethical consequences of this lack of transparency in Wikipedia for all users, but especially students; we assess the corporate social performance issues involved, and we propose courses of action to compensate for the potential problems. We show that Wikipedia has the appearance, but not the reality, of responsible, transparent information production. This paper’s authors are the same as those who authored Wood, D. J. and Queiroz, A. 2008. Information versus. knowledge: Transparency and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia. In Antonino Vaccaro, Hugo Horta, and Peter Madsen (Eds.), Transparency, Information, and Communication Technology (pp. 261–283). Charlottesville, VA: Philosophy Documentation Center. Adele has changed her surname from Queiroz to Santana     

集群数据库系统多指标动态负载均衡方法的设计与实现

负载均衡是提高数据库集群系统整体性能的重要技术手段之一,其核心在于如何对实际到达的任务进行合理的动态分配.在对比分析现有数据库集群系统的负载均衡方法的基础上,提出一种新的多指标动态负载均衡方法.该方法对后端数据库节点的多个性能指标进行采样,使用多指标决策方法TOPSIS计算各个节点负载情况,用负载最轻的节点作为决策结果.实验结果表明:与传统负载均衡方法比较,该方法可显著提高集群数据库系统的整体性能.     

Privacy and Policy for Genetic Research

I begin with a discussion of the value of privacy and what we lose without it. I then turn to the difficulties of preserving privacy for genetic information and other medical records in the face of advanced information technology. I suggest three alternative public policy approaches to the problem of protecting individual privacy and also preserving databases for genetic research: (1) governmental guidelines and centralized databases, (2) corporate self-regulation, and (3) my hybrid approach. None of these are unproblematic; I discuss strengths and drawbacks of each, emphasizing the importance of protecting the privacy of sensitive medical and genetic information as well as letting information technology flourish to aid patient care, public health and scientific research.     

Automated assistance in the formulation of search statements for bibliographic databases

We report on the design and construction of features of an automated query system which will assist pharmacologists who are not information specialists to access the Derwent Drug File (DDF) pharmacological database. Our approach was to first elucidate those search skills of the search intermediary which might prove tractable to automation. Modules were then produced which assist in the three important subtasks of search statement generation, namely vocabulary selection, the choice of context indicators and query reformulation. Vocabulary selection is facilitated by approximate string matching, morphological analysis, browsing and menu searching. The context of the study, such as treatment or metabolism, is determined using a system of advisory menus. The task of query reformulation is performed using user feedback on retrieved documents, thesaurus relations between document index terms and term postings data. Use is made of diverse information sources, including electronic forms of printed search aids, a thesaurus and a medical dictionary. The system will be of use both to semicasual users and experienced intermediaries. Many of the ideas developed should prove transportable to domains other than pharmacology: the techniques for thesaurus manipulation are designed for use with any hierarchical thesaurus.     

A supporting system for effective construction and sharing of scientific databases by general researchers

A supporting system is presented for effective construction and sharing of scientific databases in a research environment, where various databases are constructed by general users who are often not familiar with the Information Retrieval System (IRS) (ORION) and the DataBase Management System (DBMS) (ADABAS). Although the general-purpose commercial IRS and DBMS are useful for scientific use, their DBA interfaces are not convenient for general users, and expert's assistance is required in database management. Therefore, we have adopted ORION and ADABAS as basic software and implemented a supporting system called COMDBS (Controlling Monitor of DataBase Systems). It consists of a database called DBAT (DataBase Administration Table) storing dictionary information on the individual databases and a set of commands for their effective construction and utilization. DBAT is accessed in executing the commands, and necessary controls are made automatically. With the assistance of COMDBS, users can construct and share their databases easily by themselves with full functions of ORION and ADABAS. Now, at the Hokkaido University Computing Center, about 30 databases have been constructed by general users.