Self-rated mental health, school adjustment, and substance use in hard-of-hearing adolescents

This survey, "Life and Health-Young People 2005," included all 15/16-year-old adolescents in mainstream schools in the county of Orebro, Sweden. Just students with a slight/mild or moderate hearing loss were included. There were 56 (1.9%) "hard-of-hearing (HH) students with multiple disabilities," 93 (3.1%) students who were "just HH," 282 (9.7%) students with some "other disability than HH," and 2,488 (85.2%) students with "no disability." "HH with multiple disabilities" reported considerably higher scores for mental symptoms, substance use, and school problems than the "no disability" group. Those with "just HH" and those with "other disability than HH" had more mental symptoms and school problems than the "no disability" group but no significant differences in substance use. In conclusion, the combination of a hearing loss and some other disability strongly increases the risk for mental symptoms, school problems, and substance use. This group, thus, is an important target for preventive measures.     

Are separate room test accommodations effective for college students with disabilities?

Abstract

College students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disabilities are frequently allowed to complete examinations in a separate, distraction-reduced setting. Although separate room test accommodations are believed to provide students with equal access to testing and thereby improve performance, little experimental research has examined their effects on actual test scores. We randomly assigned college students to complete a high-stakes Spanish language placement examination in either a group or separate room setting. Then, we categorized students based on their (1) disability status, (2) history of test accommodations, and (3) self-reported history of test anxiety. Results showed a significant setting x disability status interaction. Contrary to expectations, all students performed equally well in the group setting, but students with disabilities earned significantly lower scores than their classmates without disabilities when tested in a separate room. Similar results were found when we restricted our analyses to students with a history of test accommodations. Separate room testing had no effect on the scores of students with test anxiety. Altogether, our findings suggest that separate room testing does not mitigate the effects of ADHD, learning disabilities, and/or test anxiety on performance and, in some cases, may actually lower test scores.     

纳西族特殊的联姻方式及部分遗存

纳西族的联姻方式带有强烈的民族色彩,诸如到丈母娘家服务的"服务婚"和因贫穷、残障而行的"交换婚"、家无男儿或为寡媳"招夫养子"的入赘婚以及买卖寡媳的买卖婚以及抢婚、跑婚等。这些联姻方式在20世纪80年代后仍有不同表现和不同原因的部分遗存。     

对Michael Olive的社会模式残疾观的解读与反思

残疾观对残疾的定义、残疾人应获得的资源以及残疾人的自我认同等方面均起到了重要的作用,它深刻影响了残疾人的生活及社会对他们的态度和反应。随着20世纪80年代残疾人运动的开展,社会模式残疾观受到相关专业人员的广泛关注,并使得学术界对此展开了热烈的讨论。文章阐述了社会模式残疾观的缘起及核心观点,对该模式下的残疾观进行解读和反思,以期为残疾观的研究提供一点思考,促进更多学者对残疾观进行深入系统的研究。     

“诗可以怨”与晚清文学革命

古典诗学中,＂诗可以群＂与＂诗可以怨＂是很难分开的。＂怨＂是诗人以文学为手段来进行政治实践的方式,是为了更好地实现＂群＂的价值伦理,但它受到＂止乎礼＂的限制,＂群怨俱宜＂正是这种态度在美学上的表现。而到了晚清,＂怨＂彻底从＂礼＂的束缚中暴发出来,以＂革命＂的激进方式介入到政治实践当中。＂革命＂成为一种激进的美学态度,而新文学的精神正是那种激进的革命精神和批判意识。     

Self-Concept of Young People with Physical Disabilities: Does integration play a role?

Different countries have approached the education of students with a disability in different ways. Some have advocated for maximum integration, while others have maintained separate schools for those with special needs. The impact of the different educational settings on the self-concept of young people with a physical disability so far has received very little empirical attention. This study compared four groups of students with a physical disability who differed in their level of school integration: (a) US integrated students ( n = 53), (b) Czech integrated students ( n = 14), (c) Czech students educated at special schools on a daily basis ( n = 51), and (d) Czech students attending special schools on a residential basis ( n = 66). In addition, these young people with a disability were compared to a normative sample of Czech students without a disability. The comparisons were made on self-reported self-perceptions, aggression/emotional instability, view of the world, and dependency using the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Rohner, 1991). Significant between group differences favouring integration were found. More integrated students reported lower levels of aggression, more positive views of themselves, and more positive views of the world. Discussion addressed implications for educational policies for children with special needs.     

Re-visiting the role of disability coordinators: the changing needs of disabled students and current support strategies from a UK university

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the system designed to support disabled university students from the perspective of disability coordinators. The research on this topic specifically is limited. Disability coordinators from a particular UK university were interviewed to better understand the support system from their own perspective. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was conducted to reveal themes related to supporting students. IPA is a tool to understand participants’ social and emotional world. The final themes were: interest in and internal motivation regarding disability issues; flexibility and disability; personal experiences of disability; good practices; and finally, time and disability. The theme time and disability appeared as a separate theme but also was embedded within the whole analysis. In addition, the results indicated that the support issue is dynamic in nature and that student needs continuously change as new needs emerge. The demographic characteristics of disabled university students have changed over time. Students are also increasingly more competent at using technology. Consequently, disability coordinators should be more active and provide faster solutions to meet higher expectations. The results and policy implications of this study are discussed with reference to the impact of time, change and context.     

Is there a "disability" for learning a foreign language?

Recently, talk of a new type of learning disability (LD)--a foreign language learning disability, or FLLD--has made its way into the LD and foreign language (FL) literature. However, no empirical evidence has been published to support the concept of a "disability" for FL learning by those professionals who use the term. In this article, the author takes the position that there is not a distinct "disability" that can be called an FLLD. He reviews several years of research evidence indicating that any proposal for such a distinct entity is problematic. To support his position, he reviews problems with the current definition and diagnostic criteria for LD. He then cites the many difficulties inherent in the development and use of (a) a logically consistent, easily operationalized, and empirically valid definition of and (b) diagnostic criteria for the FLLD concept. The author then discusses how FL learning problems occur along a continuum of very strong to very poor language learners, and he explains how the proponents of an FLLD misuse the concept of FL aptitude. Finally, the author cites implications resulting from the research evidence on FL learning problems and use of the term FLLD.     

Can Mathematics Education and History of Mathematics Coexist?

Despite the wide interest in combining mathematics education and the history of mathematics, there are grave and fundamental problems in this effort. The main difficulty is that while one wants to see historical topics in the classroom or an historical approach in teaching, the commitment to teach the modern mathematics and modern mathematical techniques necessary in thepure and applied sciences forces one either to trivialize history or to distortit. In particular, this commitment forces one to adopt a Whiggish approach to the history of mathematics. Two possible resolutions of the difficulty are (1) radical separation – putting the history of mathematics on a separate track from the ordinary course of instruction, and (2) radical accommodation – turning the study of mathematics into the study of mathematical texts.     

'Emancipatory disability research': project or process?

The early 199Os witnessed the emergence of a radical new approach to researching disablement known as 'emancipatory disability research'. This paper provides a broad-based overview of the core principles and implications of this methodology. Drawing on research initiated and conducted by organisations controlled and run by disabled people it suggests how the emancipatory research paradigm has begun to transform the material and social relations of research production. The paper concludes by suggesting that emancipatory disability should be perceived as a process rather than a project.     

重新审视IQ在学习困难鉴别中的作用

通过回顾学习困难界定中IQ的出现渊源及其在现有学习困难鉴别中的条件和要件作用,指出虽然能力(智力)-成就差异模式是当前广为采用的学习困难鉴别模式,但在研究实践中却存在着诸多问题,难尽人意。本文从具体操作、IQ自身、逻辑假设三个方面重新审视了IQ在学习困难鉴别中的作用,就能力(智力)-成就差异模式的必要性进行了讨论。     

Identifying specific learning disability: is responsiveness to intervention the answer?

Responsiveness to intervention (RTI) is being proposed as an alternative model for making decisions about the presence or absence of specific learning disability. I argue that there are many questions about RTI that remain unanswered, and radical changes in proposed regulations are not warranted at this time. Many fundamental issues related to RTI are unresolved, and a better strategy may be to more rigorously implement existing identification criteria (e.g., discrepancy and psychological processing deficits) in a structured psychometric framework. Suggestions on how to modify present procedures are provided.     

Inclusive education and the cultural representation of disability and disabled people within the English education system: the influence of electronic media in the primary school

This paper examines the picture of disability portrayed within the electronic media presented to primary‐aged pupils in England. The study employed proto‐text analysis to examine 494 separate electronic resources which contained 4485 illustrations, 930 photographs and 59 video clips. The major finding of the research is that the media examined contained a limited picture of disability, one contextualised within medical deficit. The study highlights that the sample media examined promoted a social construction of disability based upon ‘inexact scholarship’ omission and imbalanced information. The research concludes that inclusive education must confront the resources and facilities that children encounter so as to overcome the current injustices which dominate the electronic media presented to primary‐aged pupils.     

Counselling for Educational Problems of School Children with a Sensory Disability

This is a study of deaf children in Bhimavaram, West Godavari district Andhra pradesh. Physical disability hampers personality development of the child, because of the social stigma that such disability conditions carry. Children with hearing disability cannot speak also as they are deprived of learning and imitating sounds in the environment. Because of the disability of hearing and speaking they are segregated from the rest of world due to the lack of communication. Due to its invisible nature, the disability does not evoke the necessary response from the public. Compared to other human positions, hearing is next to mind itself, mans most important assistant for an integrated and satisfying social existence. It can isolate a person from his/her family, peers and community. Those who do not understand this disability may subject the victim to extremely negative attitudes.     

阅读困难诊断标准与模式的“后智力—成就差异”趋势

阅读困难是学习困难研究中最受关注的一个领域,对整个学习困难研究领域具有重要影响。对阅读困难的有效诊断是阅读困难的研究和干预的基础。在阅读困难的诊断中,曾经广泛应用的智力—成就差异标准与模式在有效性、敏感性以及对干预的指导意义等方面存在严重不足,受到越来越多研究者和实践者的屏弃。目前,核心技能缺陷和干预—应答两类诊断标准和模式日益受到关注和采纳。我国迄今较少系统研究阅读困难的诊断标准与模式,不过,有关汉语阅读困难的初步研究鉴别出语音缺陷、快速命名缺陷和语素技能缺陷,为发展和应用核心技能标准和模式提供了重要基础,也为建立干预—应答模式提供了参考。确立汉语阅读困难诊断的核心技能与干预—应答标准与模式还有待系统和深入的研究。     

我国残疾人体育运动发展历程的思考

残疾人体育是与社会经济的发展而不断发展的,随着2008年残疾人奥运会的临近以及“以人为本、构建和谐社会”理念的深入人心,残疾人体育将不断受到全社会的关注和重视。本文主要对我国残疾人体育运动半个世纪以来的发展历程作一个回顾,指出其存在的问题和不足,并提出自己的建议。     

Children with behavioral, non-behavioral, and multiple disabilities, and the risk of out-of-home placement disruption

Objective

This study examined the relative risk of placement disruption for 3-10 year-old children placed in out-of-home care based on the biological relatedness of the placement caregiver and child disability status: no disability, a non-behavioral disability only, a behavioral disability only, or both a non-behavioral and behavioral disability.

Methods

Data were used from the baseline and 36 month follow-up of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, a national probability study of children investigated for child abuse and neglect in the United States. Disability status was derived using several different nationally-normed measures of language development, daily-living skills, social skills, and behavioral problems.

Results

Around 1 in 4 children placed in out-of-home care experienced a disruption. Placement with kin decreased the likelihood of disruption for a majority of children, and children with different types of disabilities were no more or less likely to disrupt in kinship care compared to children with no disability. Older children with a behavioral disability only or both a non-behavioral and behavioral disability were more likely to disrupt compared to younger regardless of placement.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that maltreated children placed with kin will be afforded the same stability provided to children without a disability.     

Reading disability and chromosome 6p21.3: evaluation of MOG as a candidate gene

Linkage analysis has localized a gene influencing specific reading disability (dyslexia) to 6p21.3. The myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) gene, which maps to this region, was selected as a candidate. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a membrane protein, a member of the immunoglobin superfamily, that is found on the outermost lamellae of mature myelin. Although the exact function of this protein is unknown, its presence in the central nervous system and the hypothesized relationship between dyslexia and temporal processing rate as well as a suggested relationship with intelligence made this gene a candidate for dyslexia. Analysis of the coding exons and adjacent splice sites in a subset of 22 children with dyslexia from 10 sibships found a missense mutation in exon 4 in 2 of the sibships. This change from the published sequence also occurred in 86 of 96 random controls, making it considerably less frequent in this small sample of individuals with dyslexia. Subsequent typing of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in 74 nuclear families in which at least one child had reading disability showed no significant difference in frequency from the controls, however. Sib-pair linkage analysis with these families did not show significant linkage with the SNP nor with a separate polymorphic dinucleotide repeat marker in the MOG gene (MOG31/32), but association analysis identified two alleles of MOG31/32 that were associated with reading disability phenotypes with a low level of significance. Thus, although alleles in the MOG gene may be in linkage disequilibrium with a locus that contributes to reading disability, it is unlikely that the MOG gene itself is involved.     

Life after LEAD: A Retrospective Analysis of What Members Learned from a Collegiate Disability Awareness Group

Interactional diversity, defined as informal engagement with diverse peers that occurs outside of the classroom, is one way for colleges and universities to facilitate connections between and among students (Bowman, 2010). Little is known, however, about the enduring effects of interactional diversity, particularly as it relates to disability. LEAD, an institutional, undergraduate disability awareness group, provides context for the exploration of interactional diversity and disability. The purpose of this retrospective, qualitative study was to understand what 17 LEAD alumni believed they learned as a result of their interactions with peers with disabilities. The results of this research highlight the potential of collegiate disability awareness groups and their importance as a possibility for promoting interactional diversity.     

Teaching Against the Grain as an Act of Love: Disrupting White Eurocentric Masculinist Frameworks Within Teacher Education

What is radical love in teaching? How can radical love incite change and transformation within teacher education? What does radical love entail to prepare critically minded teachers for urban schools? In this conceptual paper, we respond to these questions through our individual and collective experiences as social justice oriented teacher educators preparing students to teach in urban schools. We engage with our womanist ways of knowing (Walker in In search of our mothers’ gardens: womanist prose, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, 2004) and “theory in flesh” (Moraga and Anzaldúa in This bridge called my back: writings by radical women of color, 2nd edn, Kitchen Table/Women of Color Press, New York, 1983) to collaboratively reflect and analyze our conversations, reflective journaling, meetings, and other telling moments about what it means to practice radical love in teaching. More specifically, we identify three central concepts of what love as an act of resistance or teaching against the grain entails: (1) vulnerability, (2) collective support and healing, and (3) critique. Through these concepts we offer a framework from which to practice radical love in teaching and work in solidarity with others to transform oppressive systems in urban (teacher) education.