宁德市中专学校学生营养状况分析

了解宁德市中专学校学生营养状况动态变化。对我宁德市中专学生2000—2005年6年问学生营养状况进行动态分析,发现6年间学生营养不良率平均为40．39％,以轻度营养不良为主,男生轻度及中重度营养不良率均低于女生,学生营养不良率高峰出现在高三阶段．总之中专学生营养状况问题不容忽视,学校应加强预防措施．     

Developing creativity through outdoor physical activities: a qualitative exploration of contrasting school equipment provisions

Creativity is described as an important cognitive process by which ideas are generated, developed and transformed. Despite the importance of creativity for students’ intellectual development, the types of outdoor physical activities students engage in within primary schools according to creativity criteria has yet to be explored. The purpose of the Creative Recess Engagement during Activities Time Exploratory (CREATE) study was to qualitatively capture how physical activities developed by students (n = 279) meet creativity criteria in two primary school with differing playground equipment provisions. Using a momentary time sampling qualitative field note observation procedure, a combined total of 730 scans of the school grounds were undertaken with written accounts and analysed according to creativity criteria. The CREATE study provides exploratory insights into how the development of primary school students’ creativity can be supported or hindered, by the type of equipment provisions made available for students' physical activities within school grounds.     

中学生身体自尊与锻炼态度关系的研究

经常性地参加身体活动和体育锻炼对生理和心理健康都有积极的作用.随着社会的进步,物质生活水平的提高,独生子女的增加,以及学习任务压力的加大,中学生从事体育锻炼的程度相对减少.外在因素固然影响体育锻炼参与,但内在动机更是影响中学生参与体育锻炼的重要的因素.阐述中学生身体自尊与锻炼态度的关系.     

Fundamental movement skills and their relationship with measures of health-related physical fitness of primary school children prior to secondary school transition: a Welsh perspective

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to investigate levels of fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency and their relationship with measures of health-related physical fitness of primary school children prior to their transition to high school in Wales. The results demonstrated that overall levels of FMS proficiency with these children were low with significant differences existing between the genders. In addition, the measures of health-related physical fitness significantly correlated with FMS proficiency in both genders. In summary, these findings suggest that primary school children lack the foundational elements to support their transition to high school physical education.     

学校体育对学生心理健康发展的影响

文章针对目前青少年学生心理健康存在的问题,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、调查访问法和数理统计法,重点分析了学校体育对青少年学生心理健康发展的促进作用,并提出了在学校体育教育中加强青少年学生心理健康教育的有效途径和方法,为在学校体育教育中加强青少年学生心理健康教育提供一些理论借鉴和参考。     

A school-based motivational intervention to promote physical activity from a self-determination theory perspective

The authors analyzed the effects of a multidimensional intervention to promote physical activity (PA) in school, based on self-determination theory. The study involved 88 students, between 14 and 17 years old, who were divided into a control group (n = 59) and an experimental group (n = 29). In the experimental group, a 6-month intervention was conducted, applying a teaching unit of fitness and health in physical education (PE) classes, an extracurricular program of healthy PA, and meetings with families. Questionnaires were administered to measure different motivational variables and PA levels at four time points. Significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in parental and peer autonomy support; integrated regulation in PE; autonomy, intrinsic, and identified regulation in leisure-time PA; moderate, hard, and very hard PA; and physical self-worth. Motivational effects were maintained over time but the effects on PA levels disappeared at 6 months.     

Incorporating physical activity‐based interventions in school psychology research and practice: A systematic review

Physical activity provides a myriad of well‐documented social‐emotional, behavioral, and academic benefits for youth. While research suggests that physical activity should be integrated within the school day to support the well‐being of students, an understanding of related empirical work within school psychology research and practice is unclear. School psychologists are well positioned to systematically incorporate physical activity within their intervention practices, particularly given their role and expertise in implementing and evaluating interventions. Authors engaged in a systematic review of 20 years (1998–2018) of physical activity intervention research within 10 peer‐reviewed school psychology journals and six school psychology‐related journals. Authors analyzed 22 studies to glean a comprehensive understanding of the literature base and highlight the ways in which physical activity can be incorporated to support school and student outcomes. Suggestions for research and practice in school psychology are discussed in light of the examined literature.     

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour during outdoor learning and traditional indoor school days among Finnish primary school students

In this study, we aimed at comparing Finnish primary school students’ physical activity and sedentary time during outdoor-learning and traditional school days. Outdoor learning is defined as purposeful and planned learning experiences in the outdoors . The study population consisted 20 students in grades 1–6 at one primary school. Physical activity was measured objectively by hip-worn accelerometers. The amounts of physical activity and sedentary time were compared for the same students between five school days with outdoor learning and four traditional school days. The study’s main findings show that, moving from traditional classroom teaching to an outdoor-learning environment decreases students’ sedentary time and increases light- and moderate-intensity physical activity during the school day. No differences were observed in leisure-time physical activity on school days with or without outdoor learning. Thus, outdoor learning is an effective complement to traditional classroom teaching in promoting physically active children.     

Restrictive physical interventions and teacher professionalism: a discussion

This article examines how the use of restrictive physical interventions (RPIs) for pupils within a social, emotional and mental health (SEMH) special needs primary school relate to teacher professionalism. The dialogue is written from the perspective of the headteacher of such a school. It is a personal response to the suggestion that teachers are sometimes reluctant to identify themselves as professionals, and examines the extent to which RPIs cast them as carers rather than educators. The discussion addresses the question: To what extent does the use of RPIs in a SEMH special needs school constitute an aspect of teacher professionalism, and what shape does this take? The work concludes with the suggestion that the use of RPIs transcends any debate about professionalism, and that those working in the SEMH field need to focus their attention on ensuring these acts are conducted in a manner that meets the needs of the pupils.     

儒家思想对学校体育教学的消极影响

儒家思想作为中国悠久传统文化的主体和灵魂,随着社会的发展演进为中华名族的一种主要的文化心理结构。儒家思想对社会的各个领域都产生了深刻的影响,它所宣扬的思想对学校体育教学有着重要的影响。     

21世纪学校体育面向全民健身活动实验性研究

对河南省商丘市具有代表性的学校有杉不同的教学方法和形式,对学生进行终身体育教育的实验,从幼儿启蒙体育教育反馈效应性教学实验,到小学,中学,大学的多种形式的健身教育模式,能充分调动学生自觉锻炼的积极性和积极参与的主观能动性,培养了学生对体育运动的兴趣和爱好,提高了学生对全民健身的意识,增强了学生的体质,为学校素质教育提供了素材,为推动全民健身活动的广泛开展提供了理论依据。     

A good education: girls' extracurricular pursuits and school choice

This paper draws on the case studies of six girls between the ages of 10 and 13 and considers their transition to secondary school and involvement in extracurricular sports. Within it, I explore how the girls' understandings of ‘a good education’ affects both their academic and extracurricular/sporting choices. Despite government educational targets which seem to value ‘performative’ academic results, I argue that ideas about a ‘well‐rounded student’ continue to hold particular resonance for middle‐class parents and students. Conversely, I suggest that models of excellence and achievement within education are increasingly echoed in students' sporting participation and that this has specific consequences for working‐class and middle‐class students. I draw particular attention to the girls' experiences of these systems with a view to their ability to convert physical capital accrued in physical activity into other forms of social or cultural capital.     

Spying on children during a school playground intervention using a novel method for direct observation of activities during outdoor play

Our aims were to examine the efficacy of a new observational instrument ‘System for Observing Outdoor Play’ for detecting changes in outdoor play and chart the use of recycled and repurposed materials in the school playground during the course of an intervention to increase outdoor play. Children from one Sydney primary school were observed (N = 111; 5–12 years) using an observational instrument developed as part of the Sydney Playground Project. Data on types of activities and frequencies were collected at baseline and seven times during intervention. Use of intervention materials was consistently high and associated with increases in play-related activities (40–77%), while inactive pursuits decreased (52–31%), on average. The observational instrument proved efficacious in tracking changes in play. Modification of the school playground environment by introducing loose parts changed children’s play-related behaviour; the variety of activities increased, including construction and creative play. Physical inactivity decreased. Recycled materials can increase children’s creative, social and physical play.     

现阶段我国学校体育的主要特征及其发展趋势

本文从现阶段我国的国情和学校体育的发展规律出发,深入探索和分析了现阶段我国学校体育的主要特征和未来的发展趋势,这不仅有助于加深我们对学校体育在新的历史时期社会使命的认识,同时对于我国当前的教育和体育改革,实现“两个计划”也有着十分重要的现实意义.     

Physical activity during physical education lessons: a qualitative investigation of Australian PE teacher perceptions

School physical education (PE) experiences play a critical role in adolescents’ physical activity (PA) levels. Teachers are crucial to students’ initial experiences in PA; however, limited research has explored teachers’ perspectives about PA during PE using in-depth qualitative research techniques. We conducted interviews with 25 current Australian male and female PE teachers to investigate their perceptions about PA in secondary school PE (grades 7–12). Our findings indicated PA was a major focus for teachers during PE lessons; however, many physical and psychosocial factors underpinned practical classes. During PE lessons, PE teachers favoured game-based activities to promote PA while citing the traditional skill-drill approach as a strategy that limited PA. These findings highlight an ongoing shift in PE teaching towards a games-based approach and have several important implications for future teaching practice and research.     

The use of video-based instruction to promote independent performance of physical activity skills in students with developmental disabilities in a school and community setting

School psychologists are well-positioned to assist practitioners in engaging students in physical activity (PA) which can increase student access to improved well-being and associated health benefits. This may be of particular importance for adolescents with moderate to severe developmental disabilities (DD; autism and intellectual disability) who display various deficits in performing PA skills. Previous research suggests video-based instruction (VBI) effectively facilitated independence associated with PA skills in people with DD, however, additional research is warranted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree a VBI impacted acquisition of skills in individuals with DD at school, and, subsequently, in a community setting. Multiple probe design was used to assess the effect of the intervention in four participants. The results indicate the intervention was effective in teaching three participants to perform the circuit in the school setting and transfer the skills to the community setting; however, maintenance was variable. Implications related to practice for school psychologists, teachers, and other practitioners, as well as, limitations and future research directions are discussed.     

中学体育教学中体育差生心理障碍的成因及对策

以体育差生厌学体育课行为问题作为研究的出发点,通过分析体育差生对体育课产生心理障碍的成因,来探讨帮助这部分学生克服心理障碍的方法。建议体育教师应该针对导致体育差生厌恶体育课的心理原因,适当地对他们进行引导,切实地提高他们的运动能力和身体素质。     

Sex differences in the acceptability and short-term outcomes of a web-based personalized feedback alcohol intervention for high school seniors

Despite the escalation of alcohol use through high school, the majority of research on school-based alcohol interventions has been conducted with junior high students or first and second-year high school students. Preliminary research indicates a brief, web-based personalized feedback intervention developed for college students (eCHECKUP TO GO) may be a promising program for high school seniors. Although these studies demonstrate positive intervention effects, there is some evidence for greater program efficacy for females in this age group. The current study investigates sex differences in program acceptability of the eCHECKUP TO GO and its relationship to short-term alcohol outcomes among high school seniors (N = 135). Overall, the majority of students reported they found the program to be acceptable (i.e., user-friendly and useful). However, contrary to our hypothesis, results indicated that male students reported significantly higher perceptions of program acceptability than females. Although we did not find sex differences in alcohol outcomes, program user-friendliness was related to reductions in alcohol use for males. The results of this study add to the literature supporting the eCHECKUP TO GO for high school seniors and highlight the importance of program user-friendliness for males. Implications for implementing the program as a school-based intervention are discussed.