义务教育政策公平性的内涵

义务教育政策的价值内涵和价值追求应当与义务教育本身的价值内涵和价值追求是一致的。所以,作为社会财富进行再分配的一种资源和协调社会平衡发展、实现社会公平正义的一种工具,义务教育政策公平就是实现义务教育资源分配的公平。义务教育政策公平性的价值内涵构成包括平等的原则、发展的原则、弱势补偿的原则、以人为本的原则、标准一致性原则。     

Disciplining the conduct of young people in compulsory education policy and practice

Disciplining and pastoral power are central to the strategies and practices of intervening in the lives of young people deemed at risk of disengaging from school, or not completing their compulsory education. As an expression of power concerned with young people's welfare and self-improvement, disciplining and pastoral practices push young people towards greater responsibilism and employability. From 2004 to 2008, the State Government of Western Australia embarked on legislative change and policy implementation to increase the minimum compulsory school leaving age from 15 to 17. This facilitated a programme of interventions with some groups of young people deemed at risk of not meeting the newly minted minimum education requirements. Drawing on governmentality theory, research into this policy identifies and problematises its disciplining and pastoral practices. Interview data and policy documents are analysed to reveal the way that practices with young people, although framed as empowering and benign, worked to further connect them with the imperatives of neoliberalism.     

Changing green subjectivities in outdoor and environmental education: a qualitative study

This article draws on a longitudinal qualitative study of Australian tertiary students studying Outdoor and Environmental Education. It draws on the work of Foucault and Darier to consider how ‘environmental governmentality’ shapes the conduct, desires and attitudes of these students over time. Attention is drawn to normalising and disciplinary effects of mainstream environmental discourse alongside an exploration of some of the inconsistencies and ruptures in how participants interact with discourses of environmentalism.     

从政策工具特性看现行义务教育师资均衡政策

教育政策执行以政府资源投入为基础,政府教育改革以政策工具的选择为基点.本文在对政策工具选择与资源的关系、政策工具分类理论探究的基础上,从冯德尔多兰关于政策工具的两大特性即扩展性与限制性的角度分析了我国现有的师资均衡政策工具,认为,立足自身资源,寻求基于薄弱学校教师专业发展的扩展性政策工具选择,是实现教育政策优化与效能持续改进的关键.     

义务教育的均衡发展是教育平等的基石

Balanced development of compulsory education is not only the cornerstone of education equity, but also the fundamental part for realizing a harmonious society. There have been several achievements in balancing the development of compulsory education in China, such as narrowing the gaps in compulsory education between rural, urban, and other areas. However, the development of compulsory education is still confronted with several issues, including the gaps between rural and urban schools, the gaps between teacher’s situations in rural and urban area, higher drop-out rates of rural compulsory education than that of the national average level, etc. Based on the analysis of these issues and reasons, the suggestions for the policy-makers are as follows: (1) it must be further clarified that governments at all levels must take all responsibilities for the balanced development of compulsory education so as to integrate local authorities’ input and the central government’s subsidies; (2) the allocation mechanism of resources for compulsory education should be set up with “qualitative and fair growth” as its aim; (3) The quality standard for compulsory education based on the national curriculum standard should be worked out for playing the role of quality inspection in the fair development of compulsory education, and a relevant system of responsibility should also be established; (4) A national unified card for compulsory education should be adopted, which would help abolish extra fees for non-permanent-resident students receiving compulsory education in other places and (5) civilian-sponsored schools should be encouraged to offer compulsory education. __________ Translated from Jiaoyu Yanjiu 教育研究 (Educational Research), 2007, (2): 3–11     

教育政策执行难的利益分析--以北京市流动儿童义务教育政策实施为例

在北京市流动儿童义务教育政策执行过程中,不同政策执行主体存在着不同的利益选择。从地方政府来看,维护地方利益和部门利益是其政策行为的重要价值依据。从学校来看,保证优质生源、确保教学质量是其应对政策的基本立场。从家长来看,生存需要第一,教育需要第二是其考量政策的根本出发点。这些不同利益选择所造成的张力大大削弱了政策执行的力度和效果,不利于流动儿童就学问题的有效解决。     

义务教育服务均等化问题探析

随着<义务教育法>等有关义务教育保障政策的出台,各级政府加大了义务教育财政投入,中国彻底结束了几千年来基础教育上学要交费的历史,当前义务教育事业有了较快发展.但目前城乡义务教育发展不均衡局面还没有根本改观.义务教育服务均等化是当前最重要的一项基本公共服务,解决义务教育财政问题,从根本上说,必须进一步完善公共财政制度.     

云南边境地区义务教育发展差距及其均衡研究

均衡义务教育发展是义务教育性质的内在规定,也是我国实施全面科学发展战略的需要。文章研究云南省25个边境县(市)的义务教育发展的县域间差距及其均衡。研究表明:边境县(市)的义务教育发展存在较大差距,云南省西部、南部和东南部边境县的义务教育比西北部和西南部发展现状好;边境县(市)内部义务教育质量差距较小,均衡度较好,教育师资和办学条件差距较大,均衡度差,教育机会差距最大,均衡度也最差。     

Governing by partnerships: dilemmas in Swedish education policy at the turn of the millennium

In recent years, governing through partnerships has become more and more common and is today reflected in a range of policy areas. In the following article, governing through partnerships is analysed in Swedish education policy around the turn of the millennium, where the notion of partnership has had a large impact. Using as its point of departure a theoretical perspective inspired by Michel Foucault, the article analyses the calls for partnership in Swedish education policy as part of a set of governmental rationalities forming individuals into partnering, that is active and responsible, citizens. In the article, some of the long‐term consequences of the uses of the concept of partnership in Swedish education policy are discussed, focusing particularly on issues of inclusion/exclusion and democratic regeneration. With the idea of governing through partnerships, it is argued that the political landscape is redrawn. The role of the State, for instance, is increasingly to leave room for various voluntary and independent actors and associations, to co‐ordinate and interact, as a partner, among others, rather than directing society ‘from above’.     

Tracing assessment policy discourses in neoliberalised higher education settings

This article explores assessment policy in two European universities with different political, historical and social backgrounds: the University of Glasgow and Tallinn University. The University of Glasgow is a well-established Russell Group university in the UK; Tallinn University is a relatively new university in post-Soviet Estonia, shaped by very recent neoliberalisation processes. By applying a Foucauldian theorisation and Faircloughian methodology, this article approaches assessment policy as not only relating to institutional contexts but also national and global policy environments. The article argues that the assessment policy in Glasgow relates to globally dominant neoliberal discourses of accountability and excellence. These discourses have turned assessment into a complex technology of government that manages educational processes as well as academic and student subjectivities. While Tallinn University is shaped by neoliberalism at strategic levels, the policy documents in Tallinn still indicate a strong sense of local tradition where regulations have a modest impact on academic freedom and assessors’ disciplinary power over students.     

Unsettling orthodoxies: education for the environment/for sustainability

In this paper I employ Foucault's notion of governmentality to reflect on a debate that occurred in the pages of this journal some 10 years ago. I argue that their exchanges indicate ways in which various positions are engaged in a struggle for dominance in this field, and how particular strategies are used to legitimate and maintain these positions. My purpose is not to propose a new orthodoxy – or even to critique those we have – but rather to raise questions about how the unquestioned ‘that‐which‐is’ of orthodoxies comes to be, and their effects. I also suggest that as environmental educators and researchers, we need to work harder to unsettle more often the taken‐for‐granted in environmental education so that we remain alert to our own easy acceptance of orthodoxies. Without this, we risk our exhortations to those we seek to educate – to think critically, to question assumptions, and so forth – becoming empty rhetoric if we are not practising these ourselves – examining our own, as well as others', assumptions and practices.     

论近代义务教育的实施和推广--以江苏为例

作为沿海地区最典型的省份,由于本地浓厚的化传统、发达的经济基础和士绅群体的推动,江苏近代义务教育形成了独特的模式：一方面,它始终保持着全国义务教育的先进位置;另一方面,其义务教育普及率并不高。在近代实施义务教育过程中,江苏首开义务教育亩捐,注意保持与中等、高等教育发展的适当比例,都是值得注意与研究的现象。     

义务教育中数学教育功利化倾向的几种表现及危害

义务教育中的数学教育的功利化使数学教育的作用被扭曲地发挥，造成数学教育的异化．数学教育的功利化倾向通常表现为权威化、教条化、狭隘化、刻板化等，对数学教育功能的发挥和学生的发展造成比较大的危害．     

整体性推进义务教育教师队伍均衡发展的几点思考

义务教育教师队伍的均衡发展是当前发展义务教育的工作重点,对义务教育的均衡发展具有重要意义。通过从城乡义务教育教师资源配置的现状入手,分析其产生的原因,并从保障均衡、合理流动、学习培训等三个方面探索义务教育教师队伍均衡发展的途径,以促进义务教育的均衡发展。     

农村义务教育可持续发展问题与对策

针对农村义务教育存在的问题和不足,需要进一步增加财力投入,改善农村中小学办学条件;强化农村教师队伍建设,提高农村义务教育质量;认真落实农民工子女就读政策,解决“留守子女”教育问题;努力探索义务教育新路,解决社会发展过程中出现的新问题。     

Governing through parents: a genealogical enquiry of education policy and the construction of neoliberal subjectivities in England

In this paper we explore the various spaces and sites through which the figure of the parent is summoned to inhabit and perform market norms and practices in the field of education in England. Since the late 1970s successive governments have called on parents to enact certain duties and obligations in relation to the state. These duties include adopting and internalizing responsibility for all kinds of risks, liabilities and inequities formerly managed by the Keynesian welfare state. In this paper we examine how English parents are compelled to embody certain market norms and practices as they navigate the field of education. Adopting genealogical enquiry and policy discourse analysis as our methodology, we explore how parents across three policy sites or spaces are constructed as objects and purveyors of utility and ancillaries to marketization. This includes a focus on how parents are summoned as (1) consumers or choosers of education services; (2) governors and overseers of schools and (3) producers and founders of schools.     

法理学视野下义务教育的公平性

义务教育是一项公益性事业,是所有适龄儿童、少年必须接受的教育,是由国家统一实施并必须予以保障的。义务教育的公平实现,不仅依赖于义务教育的配套措施的健全,更有赖于义务教育理念的提升。而义务教育理念的提升又依赖于对义务教育本身的理解。从法理学角度来厘清义务教育中的权利、义务,并从法的基本价值角度来理解义务教育的公平性,进而具体探讨实现义务教育的公平性的法理途径。     

Judging Teachers: Foucault,governance and agency during education reforms

Over a decade after publication of Thinking Again: Education After Postmodernism (1998) contention still emerges among Foucaultians over whether discursively made‐up things really exist, and whether removal of the constituent subject leaves room for agency within techniques of caring for the self. That these questions are kept alive shows that some readers have not rethought Foucault, finding what possibly comes after postmodernism. Using Wittgenstein to ‘reciprocally illuminate’ Foucault (after Tully and Marshall), I open teacher inspection and reforms to problematization, as relations to bedrock rules governing games of truth. ‘How, upon entering classrooms, do inspectors know “teaching” is taking place and not crazy and fuzzy things in its name?’ Taking up Hirst's vexing question, I move beyond liberal‐analytic concept‐mapping and neo‐liberal individualism to more fully assay the political ground for judging teaching practices through genealogy. Epistemological, political and ethical concerns intersect as we approach the problem through Foucault's three axes of an historical‐ontology of the present: knowledge(s), power relations, and arts of the self. Drawing on recent Governmentality Studies in Education (Peters ., 2009), we aver the impasses of postmodern relativism while finding limited ranges of agency along each axis, as teachers practice freedoms by critiquing and renegotiating rules.     

对我国义务教育十五年历程的梳理

义务教育作为提高一个国家的国民素质和综合竞争力的奠基工程,无疑会引起我们的高度关注。我国从1986年开始实施义务教育法到2000年基本实现“双基”目标,其间既取得了举世公认的成就,也存在_着一些隐忧。回顾义务教育15年的成就和失误,对突出的现实问题提出建议或对策是当务之急。