Uncovering Hidden Collections of Alternative Serials on Microfilm

Many libraries have significant backlogs of uncataloged microforms. As attention has shifted toward digitized serials in recent years, unique holdings with high research value may be languishing untapped in the older, often overlooked formats of microfilm and microfiche. Libraries that devote resources to surveying and cataloging hidden collections of microforms greatly facilitate discovery of valuable resources for research. The current effort to survey, organize, process, and catalog more than 10,000 reels of microfilm in the Tamiment Library at New York University has vastly improved access to a multitude of uncommon serials that have been used by researchers, both onsite and via interlibrary loan.     

信息传递视角下智库影响力评估框架

[目的/意义]信息是影响力传导的载体,相比影响力的模糊和隐蔽,信息的传导更为清晰,为此根据智库与政府之间信息传递的框架提出适用于我国的智库评价框架。[方法/过程]分析智库与政府之间信息传递的关键环节,在此基础上建立智库与政府信息传递的基本框架,基于对某中央部级机关部分干部的结构化访谈丰富和完善框架中信息传递的细节。[结果/结论]研究发现,体制约束对通信链路能力、匹配信息需求能力影响较大,智库公共传播能力对调节信息过滤能力影响较大,数据搜集能力、科学客观的数据分析能力、专家的洞察力构成了智库收集和生产信息的能力。     

Oppositional codes: The case of the penitentiary of New Mexico riot

Understanding of the 1980 riot at the Penitentiary of New Mexico can be improved by emphasizing how language congealed into two distinct codes—one belonging to inmates, the other to prison administrators—that provided their respective users with diametrically opposed views of the world and ways of acting upon it. A code‐based analysis of the riot attempts to overcome some of the shortcomings of both agency‐based and structuralist accounts by stressing the dynamics of agency and structure within code opposition. By so doing, the analysis offers critical diagnostic tools for communication analysts and conflict mediators who may be called upon to intervene in social situations where agents appear to be locked intractably in oppositional conflict.     

我国高校图书馆智库型服务体系研究

[目的/意义] 研究高校图书馆如何开展智库型服务,对于发挥资源和人才优势,提升高校图书馆的服务水平和地位具有重要的意义。[方法/过程] 通过文献调研和案例分析,在对我国高校图书馆开展智库型服务现状进行总结和分析的基础上,针对存在的不足,分析高校管理层、高校科研团队、当地政府部门以及企业等的智库型服务需求,构建高校图书馆智库型服务体系。[结果/结论] 结合一些图书馆的实践探索和经验,就相应的服务策略展开探讨,并从避免"学术化"、服务队伍建设、服务品牌影响力提升等方面对高校图书馆开展智库型服务提出建议。     

网络平台构建要素的信息功能生态位测度

使用生态学与信息生态学的相关理论,以网络平台构建要素及模型分析为基础,构建网络平台构建要素的信息功能生态位模型。结合突变级数分析,提出网络平台构建要素的信息功能生态位的测度方法及评价模型,并采用纯语言多属性群决策方法采集构建要素的专家评估数据。最后以吉林大学综合网络平台为应用算例进行实证研究。     

系统动力学仿真模型在决策支持中的作用——以中国可持续发展模型在CO2排放决策中的应用为例

系统动力学模型是一种重要的模型方法。文章主要介绍了中国科学技术信息研究所开发的中国可持续发展模型,并以水泥和钢铁行业CO2排放模型作为案例,分析了模型在CO2减排中的政策意义。在不同的情景设定下,中国水泥和钢铁行业的CO2排放会有很大的不同,每一种情景都对应着相应的政策选择。利用需求面和技术面的组合政策,有利于我国整体的CO2减排。     

科技智库的社会经济数据需求及其建设模式案例分析

[目的/意义] 从科技智库的需求出发, 研究社会经济数据对其发展建设及影响力发挥的重要意义。[方法/过程] , 参考宾夕法尼亚大学2014 Global Go to Think Tank Index Report中的科技智库排行以及哈佛大学图书馆“Think Tank Search”智库名录资源, 提取4个典型科技智库, 采用案例分析方法对比分析各科技智库对社会经济数据需求和建设的现状与差异。[结果/结论] , 以实证阐明社会经济数据是提升科技智库影响力不可或缺的重要研究资源, 并提出可供借鉴的社会经济数据建设方案。     

波士顿矩阵法在韩国技术选择中的应用及启示

韩国三星公司利用波士顿矩阵对15个技术群进行定量分析,并遴选出韩国政府应优先扶持的六大未来技术,该技术选择方法为我国科学技术的创新决策提供了可借鉴的新思路与新视角。文章主要对该技术选择方法进行详细介绍和述评。     

创新型人才的区间数群决策评价研究

科技创新型人才的规模成为国家综合实力的重要指标之一,专家给予人才的评价往往存在犹豫而适合采 取区间数打分,为此建立集结信息的非线性规划模型,提出利用模拟植物生长算法集结区间数信息,构建群决策偏好 矩阵。采用可能度和排序向量法进行排名,选取创新意识、创新人格、创新能力和智力4 个指标,以实例进行科技创新 型人才的评价研究。研究结果表明,模拟植物生长算法能有效地集结多个专家的随机区间数,具有简便、灵活的特点。     

The inherent sharing of conservation decisions

Abstract

This paper provides an understanding of an under-explored aspect of the sharing of conservation decisions. In particular, it argues that conservation decisions are inherently shared in at least three senses. First, conservation is conceived as a field of shared values, principles, and decision-making methodology, and aspires to a universally shared ethic. This view is supported by the logical and ethical consistency of existing Codes of Ethics, and is made manifest with the aid of a conceptual model of what science is. Second, conservation decisions are conditioned by the identity of heritage entities. The values comprising the heritage identity of an entity transcend space and time boundaries; they are interrelated and interdependent and, as such, shared. Third, the benefits but also the harms stemming from conservation decisions and actions are distributed and shared among all people for whom the object of a conservation decision is heritage. As dictated by the do-no-harm principle, conservators have a duty to consider risks of such harms when making decisions.     

Overcoming Obstacles to Preventive Conservation Projects in Italy: With a Case Study of the Savoy Carriage Collection of the Presidency of the Republic

ABSTRACT

Working on preventive conservation in Italy is difficult but not impossible. After small successes and setbacks convincing museums to adopt elements of preventive conservation in the 1990s, the first author (Rossi Doria) was contracted for 15 years to preserve the historic carriages and associated objects of the Presidency of the Republic of Italy. This required patience to overcome or circumvent obstacles such as an inflexible bureaucracy and the absence of any formal recognition of preventive conservation within the educational and contractual systems for heritage conservation. The key factors in his success were the support of the curators, the financial and planning autonomy of the Presidency, and the obvious need for conservation and preservation of these elegant and complex objects. The program began in 2001 with the recovery of the forgotten collection from inappropriate storage in several locations. The entire collection was surveyed and recorded, not only the carriages but also thousands of harnesses, saddles, clothing, fabrics, weapons and memorabilia. Multiple preventive and interventive actions were undertaken, such as pest eradication for all sensitive materials, environmental surveys, and everyday maintenance, as well as complex treatments for the ornate carriages. Analysis by country of published articles on preventive conservation and of IIC membership both confirm that the topic is not as well established in Italy as in many other countries. Some reasons and solutions are proposed.     

From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm

Meta-analysis involves cumulating effects across studies in order to qualitatively summarize existing literatures. A recent finding suggests that the effect sizes reported in meta-analyses may be negatively correlated with study sample sizes. This prediction was tested with a sample of 51 published meta-analyses summarizing the results of 3,602 individual studies. The correlation between effect size and sample size was negative in almost 80 percent of the meta-analyses examined, and the negative correlation was not limited to a particular type of research or substantive area. This result most likely stems from a bias against publishing findings that are not statistically significant. The primary implication is that meta-analyses may systematically overestimate population effect sizes. It is recommended that researchers routinely examine the n–r scatter plot and correlation, or some other indication of publication bias and report this information in meta-analyses.     

建立企业竞争情报系统模型的粗略设想

本文根据竞争情报在企业运行中的重要性，构建了一个竞争情报系统的粗略模型，并详细分析了构成竞争情报系统的各子系统的结构、功能及相互联系，试述了一个可行的竞争情报系统的实现，希冀能为企业决策提供一个高效的、低误差的辅助工具     

基于语义关联的智库资源知识组织研究

智库是知识决策咨询体系的重要组成部分,其主要通过智库资源的知识发现和智库专家的经验智慧相结合来生产智库产品,进而影响相关领域的知识决策。利用语义关联来构建的智库资源知识组织体系可实现智库资源的知识化、有序化、关联化组织,从而实现智库资源的利用、共享、传播和增值等知识化服务。     

选题决策模糊综合评判方法探讨

提出选题决策应是一种涉及社会、经济、政治、法律、文化、心理等多种因素的综合评判的观点,并从决策科学的角度出发,针对选题系统中存在着大量难以直接定量表征的因素的特征,应用模糊数学分析工具和系统分析方法,对出版社的选题决策进行模糊综合评判,以实现选题总体结构的优化.     

Institutional Support for Handheld Computing: Clinical and Educational Lessons Learned

Handheld computing devices, or personal digital assistants (PDAs), are used often in the health care setting. They provide a convenient way to store and carry either personal or reference information and can be used to accomplish other tasks associated with patient care. This article reports clinical and educational lessons learned from a longitudinal institutional initiative designed to provide medical students with PDAs to facilitate patient care and assist with clinical learning.     

Proving Value and Improving Practice: Using System Data to Analyze User Behaviors

Today's library systems collect and supply a wealth of transaction data. The unobtrusive data collected by these systems can help us understand our users' search and information-retrieval behaviors. Analyzing user behaviors challenges or reinforces our practices, and the changes we make should not be simply consumer preferences but based upon the analysis of usage patterns and search behavior. Institutions of any size can use a cyclical grounded theory model to look at the unobtrusive data that is available from systems such as WorldCat Local, Google Analytics, and others to reveal our users' information-seeking behaviors.

The author's model shows how system-generated data can be a part of an assessment strategy for ongoing improvement that can be implemented by small academic libraries. By articulating inputs consisting of goals, users, and performance indicators, and by utilizing a grounded-theory approach, libraries can observe behaviors that can inform, as well as reveal, outputs.     

电子资源订购决策评价的若干思考——以中国科学院电子资源集团采购为例

[目的/意义]建立符合实际工作特点的电子资源订购决策评价指标体系框架,设计科学合理的评价结果运用原则与运用模式,为制定科学合理的电子资源订购决策提供支撑。[方法/过程]结合国内外电子资源订购决策评价理论与实践,以中国科学院集团订购电子资源工作为例,分析和设计电子资源订购决策评价指标体系的评价原则、评价内容和评价指标。[结果/结论]构建包含5个评价方面18项评价指标的决策评价指标体系框架,并提出"需求优先、质量保障、成本优化、综合考虑"的评价结果运用原则以及纵向比较、横向比较和分类比较的评价结果运用模式。     

Social welfare implications of the digital divide

The Internet plays a critical role in informing individuals about society, politics, business, and the environment. So much so that it has been said that the digital divide makes the segment of society on the “right side” of the divide (the digitally endowed group) better off and that on the “wrong side” (the digitally challenged group) worse off. This is not always true, however, in a social choice situation where members of a society collectively choose one alternative from a set of alternatives. To identify conditions when this does not hold, a model of the digital divide is setup in which the digitally endowed group receives better information than the digitally challenged group. Preferences of all individuals over outcomes are distributed over a scale. This distribution is correlated with the digital divide: the outcome preferred by the digitally endowed group differs from that preferred by the other group. The alternative chosen by majority becomes the choice of the overall society. The ensuing analysis shows that individuals located centrally on the preference scale are sensitive to information about the state. The choice of centrally located digitally challenged individuals, made on a lack of information, makes the digitally challenged group worse off as has been predicted before. In some cases, the digitally endowed group is worse off as well. In the case of highly polar alternatives, social welfare decreases due to the welfare loss of the digitally endowed group. Results suggest that policymakers must manage the digital divide in a customized manner depending on the preferences context. They should not only focus on improving the welfare of the digitally challenged, but also focus on the welfare of the digitally endowed group so that this welfare does not decrease.