高等教育大众化与制度创新

制度创新是美英德日四国高等教育大众化进程的共同特征 ,亦是我国实现高等教育大众化的一种必然选择。我国实现高等教育大众化的制度创新 ,应以办学模式的创新、管理体制的创新和投资体制的创新为重点。     

How do institutional practices for course design and review address areas of need in higher education

Universities are under stress and pressures to critically evaluate and reform curriculum and the way learning and teaching are implemented. Tensions appear to exist among the external pressures, the organisational structure of universities and their daily operations that are often conflicted and appear to work against coherence and depth in courses. In this study, the course design and approval process of Regional University was examined in light of four areas of need identified in the higher education literature to determine the extent to which the organisational structures (policies, regulations and guidance to course developers) reflect these. It is argued that knowledge about such a process is of considerable value for quality institutional practice in the sector.     

Internationalisation,higher education and educators' perceptions of their practices

Internationalisation of higher education is big business in Australia, yet, despite the growing body of literature informing learning and teaching of international students, challenges remain. While language and pedagogical differences are well documented from the students' perspective, less known are the challenges to educators and their practices in responding to these named issues. This article explores some implications for educators and their practices, when international students come to study in an English-language university in Australia. A small research project focusing on educators' perspectives reveals the pedagogical challenges, difficulties and differences in approaches to teaching large numbers of international students. Implications for educators are discussed, focusing on the need to respond to policy and institutional demands to participate in these international collaborations, and to engage in building sound and equitable educational provision.     

The activation,appropriation and practices of student-equity policy in Australian higher education

Current national reforms in Australian higher education have prioritised efforts to reduce educational disadvantage within a vernacular expression of neoliberal education policy. Student-equity policy in universities is enmeshed in a set of competitive student recruitment relations. This raises practice-based tensions as universities strive to meet specific institutional targets for low-socio-economic status (SES) and Indigenous student participation, whilst broadening participation more generally within the sector. This paper seeks empirically to trace the activation and appropriation of federal policy through two sites of higher education policy practices: a state government-sponsored equity practitioner body and two differently positioned universities, Dawson and McIllwraith, as they engage with low-SES schools. Working together Dorothy Smith’s insights into the textually mediated activation of local practices, Levinson and colleagues’ concept of the local appropriation of authorised policy, and Bourdieu’s notion of the contested field, we demonstrate that the generation of state level and institutionally specific policies for student-equity practices not only articulates to federal policy, but also appropriates the ruling relations of mandated policy. Further, the scope of these creative local appropriations is organised within a hierarchical academic field through which particular institutional imperatives, as well as the needs of low-SES students, are negotiated. The analysis demonstrates the vernacularisation of policy in the national rearticulation of global discourses, in appropriation at the level of the state body and in the practices of equity workers.     

埃及高等教育的特点及其成因

埃及高等教育具有公立大学规模庞大,公立高等教育免费,中央集权管理,传统教学模式主导,国际化程度较高等特点。埃及高等教育特点的形成有其历史与现实的原因,是埃及政治、经济、文化等各种因素交互作用的结果。     

论高等教育的公益性与私益性

高等教育的公益性与私益性是可以相互转化的,是政策选择的结果。公益性始终是高等教育的本质属性,但在资源不足的情况下,高等教育的私益性生产是不可避免的。大力弘扬高等教育的公益性、正确引导高等教育的私益性是全社会的共同要求,也是政府、高校和社会的共同责任。     

全球金融危机对高等教育的影响和启示

本次百年不遇的全球金融危机不仅严重影响了国际金融和经济体系,也对高等教育造成了深刻的影响。本文在列举、比较和探讨本次全球金融危机对西方和我国高等教育影响的基础上,预测了金融危机后的高等教育发展,并提出我国高等教育的应对策略。     

论高等教育大众化进程中高等职业教育的地位和作用

在实现高等教育大众过程中，发展高等职业教育有利于优化高等教育结构，促进高等教育向多样化发展；有利于满足社会发展对人才规格提出的客观要求，促进经济发展，为实现高等教育大众化提供物质基础；有利于我国终身教育体系的建立，为实现高等教育大众化开辟有效途径。     

地方高校发展与高等教育政策调整

近年来,我国地方高校在规模迅猛扩张的同时,普遍陷入了多重发展困境之中。从制度变迁的类型和路径依赖两个角度来看,这种困境产生的制度根源有两个:一是以中央政府为主体的激进式强制性制度变迁的局限性,二是对传统高等教育管理模式的路径依赖。今后高等教育政策调整必须遵循两个基本的指导思想:一是弥补激进式强制性制度变迁的局限,二是摆脱对传统高等教育管理方式的路径依赖。     

美国高等教育协会及其评析

美国形形色色的高等教育协会(社团)是影响其高等教育发展的重要中介组织,具有不可替代的重要作用。目前,美国的各种高等教育协会已形成了以“六大组织”为核心,以众多专业协会或地方协会为代表的多势力博弈格局,它们促进了政府管理的间接化和市场运行的规范化,在美国高等教育政策形成中发挥了重要作用。但是,基于自身利益的局限性,它们也存在一定程度的保守偏见,其“多数人暴力”问题也不可忽视。     

The coming of post-institutional higher education

This piece offers two stories and attempts a contrast between them. These are about how UK higher education responded to the economic crisis of the 1970s, and about how it is shaping up in response to the banking crisis of 2008 and its global ramifications. The first is constructed around the rise and fall of ‘public sector higher education’ between the James Report and the Dearing Report of 1997. The second looks at the prospects of higher education’s contributions to a more fluid, flexible and responsive lifelong learning, summed up as ‘post-institutional higher education’.     

积极开展院校研究,促进民办高校健康发展

我国民办高校近年来得到长足的发展,但由此带来的一些问题也亟待从理论上进行探讨。我国民办高等教育研究应以院校研究为重点,这是民办高校生存和发展的需要,是实现民办高校成功转型的需要,也是民办高校提升质量、办出特色以及加强规范管理、实现管理科学化的需要。为此,应做好“领导认识到位,研究力量到位,研究方法到位”等工作。     

高等教育国际化对中国高等教育发展的影响

随着经济全球化、信息社会及知识经济的迅猛发展,高等教育国际化成为包括中国在内的许多国家高等教育发展的主要特征和重要趋势。高等教育国际化给中国高等教育的发展带来了良好的机遇,同时也提出了严峻的挑战,需要我们冷静思考并认真面对,以保证中国高等教育事业的健康发展。     

Widening participation in higher education with a view to implementing institutional change

In this research informed perspective, I discuss some of the barriers students face during progression to higher education. A crucial role can be played by higher education institutions (HEIs) and other public bodies. I discuss some of the measures taken and critically evaluate these to show how these can be improved. In the absence of a centralised admission system and autonomy exercised by HEIs, it is not clear yet how these targets will be achieved. HEFCE and OFFA play a vital role, but there is further scope towards addressing equality and diversity. This paper discusses some of the ways forward.     

民办高等教育在高等教育体系中的定位

传统的高等教育类型划分影响了民办大学的准确定位 ,对民办高等教育发展产生了消极影响。本文提出民办高等教育应该属于综合类高等教育 ,民办大学有条件办成以全日制本专科教育为主的综合大学 ,而不是高等职业技术学校     

我国高等教育制度变迁的路径依赖与超越

长期以来,我国高等教育制度变迁形成了政府主导的自上而下的强制性变迁的路径依赖。这种方式在高教转轨初期发挥了重要作用,随着高等教育各项宏观政策的确立,强制武变迁不利于高教事业的进一步发展。本文首先分析了强制性高等教育制度变迁的弊端和形成此种路径依赖的原因．进而提出了突破高教制度变迁路径依赖即实现高教制度变迁方式由强制性向诱致性或强制性与诱致性相结合的方式转变的对策。     

国外高等工程教育中的人文教育及其对我国的启示

本文运用比较研究的方法，从课程设置、教学内容、教学管理等方面对我国和国外若干大学工程本科教育的人文教育状况进行了初步研究，提出了若干加强与改进我国高等工程教育中的人文教育的具体建议。     

Adult education as a common good: conceptualisation and measurement

The article outlines a theoretical framework for conceptualising adult education – and more broadly, lifelong learning – as a common good. It argues that the extent to which adult education as a common good is accomplished in a given society/country reflects its accessibility, availability, affordability and the social commitment to its functioning and that it depends on a country’s specific institutional arrangements. Building on this conceptualisation and using data from the Adult Education Survey (AES), the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS) for 24 European countries, the authors develop a composite index, based on these four dimensions, which measures the extent to which adult education as a common good is practiced in a given country. This index can be used to assess the effectiveness of national policies in the sphere of adult education across Europe. The results indicate substantial cross-country differences, with North European states and Luxembourg scoring best and Romania scoring worst. Finally, applying cluster analysis, the article identifies six distinctive clusters of countries with regard to the extent of adult education as a common good; the authors designate these cluster categories as reality, feasible, ambiguous, problematic, possible and invisible.     

精英高等教育与大众高等教育:两个体系的解读

高等教育机构应该按功能分化,而不是趋同。精英高等教育与大众高等教育作为两个体系,既是概念层面的划分,也是操作层面的划分。绝大部分的高等教育机构应该有清晰的定位,或者属于精英高等教育,或者属于大众高等教育。有质的差别的教育应该在不同质的教育机构内完成。精英高等教育与大众高等教育的关系既是冲突的,又是和谐的。我们既要防止精英高等教育压抑大众高等教育,又要防止大众高等教育消解精英高等教育。