教育效能与学校改进研究的引领者和推动者——国际学校效能与学校改进学会

追求"公平而卓越"已经成为当今世界教育新的发展趋势.在教育研究领域中,与教育质量以及学校绩效息息相关的是学校效能和学校改进的研究.在这方面国际学校效能与学校改进学会发挥了先锋和带动作用,其研究得到了各国政府的重视,在追求公平而卓越的教育中做出了突出贡献.     

Economic Viewpoints in Educational Effectiveness: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of an Educational Improvement Project

Cost-effectiveness analysis is not only important for decision making in educational policy and practice. Also within educational effectiveness research it is important to establish the costs of educational processes in relationship to their effects. The integrated multilevel educational effectiveness models provide opportunities to conduct more refined cost-effectiveness analyses than were carried out in the past. A cost-effectiveness analysis of an educational improvement project in Indonesia illustrates that combining the knowledge base and methodology of educational effectiveness research and cost-effectiveness analysis provides fruitful possibilities for future theoretical and practical developments in both approaches.     

Relationships among Selected Jamaican Ninth-Graders' Variables and Knowledge of Matter

This study investigated Jamaican 9th graders' attitudes towards science and if there were statistically significant differences in their conceptual knowledge of matter linked to their gender, attitudes towards science, school-type, and socio-economic background (SEB). The 216 participating students comprised 109 males and 107 females; 65, 98 and 53 (25%) students had highly favourable, moderate and low attitudes towards science respectively; 73 boys were from two all-boys' schools, 71 girls from two all-girls' schools, 36 boys and 36 girls were from two coeducational schools; 108 students each were from a high and a low SEB, all in Kingston. Attitudes to science questionnaire and the knowledge of matter test were used to collect data. The results showed that most of the students exhibited favourable attitudes to science; there were statistically significant differences in the students' knowledge of matter linked to attitudes to science, and school-type in favour of the boys, students with highly favourable attitudes to science, and students in all-boys' schools respectively. There was a positive, statistically significant but weak relationship between the students' (a) attitudes to science, and (b) school-type and their knowledge of matter, while there was no relationship between their (c) gender, and (d) SEB and their knowledge of matter.     

School Effectiveness and School Restructuring: Contributions to Educational Improvement 1

ABSTRACT

Over the last twenty years, school effectiveness work has dominated efforts to improve schools. Within the last five years, school restructuring has moved front and center in the school improvement literature. This paper examines these two lines of improvement efforts to ascertain the major contributions of each to schooling and education. It is argued that the effective schools movement has been influential in helping dismantle the existing foundations of schooling. In particular, it is suggested that academics and practitioners working within the effective schools framework have been influential in pushing prevailing behavioral approaches to learning off center stage. Effective schools workers have also helped re‐establish the primacy of learning and teaching in schools and helped channel improvement efforts into consistent and overlapping streams of action. It is argued that school restructuring, in turn, offers the possibility of taking us considerably further ‐ of weaving seminal contributions from effective schools into dramatically different forms of schooling. In particular, it is suggested that the school restructuring movement promises viable alternatives to behaviorally‐grounded models of learning and teaching, to hierarchical models of organizing and managing education, and to bureaucratic and professionally‐dominated models of governing schools.

     

Sex Differences on the SAT: An Analysis of Demographic and Educational Variables

In comparing the average scores for men and women on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT, since revised and renamed as the Scholastic Assessment Test), sex differences in demographic and educational variables that influence test performance are usually ignored. In this study of 69,284 high school seniors (12th graders) who took the SAT in November of 1990, self-reported background information was used to compute adjusted scores for men and for women. On the Verbal section, the difference in observed means was 4.68 points while the difference in adjusted means was 9.87 points. On the Mathematical section, the difference in observed means was 45.38 points but the difference in adjusted means was 33.76 points (a reduction of over 25%). In all comparisons, the mean was higher for men than for women. It is argued that adjusted means may provide more appropriate comparisons of the performance of men and women on the SAT depending on the type of comparison to be made.     

“英国学派”国际关系理论概观

本文简要回顾了英国学派的发展历程 ,并着重从思想方法、理论视域和伦理取向三个方面讨论了英国学派的学术传统、理论特色和演变趋势。英国学派的基本学术特征表现为以理性主义和传统主义为主流的多元主义思想方法 ,国际体系、国际社会与世界社会的三重视角以及非完美主义的情势伦理观 ,总体上曲折反映了英国等中等强国和部分中小发达国家的独特处境和国际政治诉求。尽管在历史观、政治哲学、本体论、价值观等方面都不无缺陷 ,国际社会理论在当代条件下仍然具有独特价值。其统一与多样并存的研究格局以及在美国“主流”之外独立发展的经验 ,对于国际关系理论的中国式探索具有启发意义。     

Experiments for Educational Evaluation and Improvement

To help develop and improve programs and practices in U.S. schools and classrooms, current national policies strongly encourage more widespread application of rigorous research methods for evaluating what works. Although randomized experiments have been accepted and applied as the gold standard for testing and developing innovations in other fields, most notably medicine, their application to questions in education has been infrequent. This article articulates the logic of these experiments, discusses reasons for their infrequent use in education, and presents several ways that evaluators may apply experiments to the special circumstances surrounding education. If randomization is to be more widely accepted and implemented in education, the ethical and political dilemmas of withholding services must be addressed, experiments must be adapted to fit the messy and complex world of schools and classrooms, and an even stronger federal role is needed to foster and sustain experimentation and improvement of educational practices.     

国内教育网站评价研究概述

随着计算机及因特网的发展和普及,教育网站作为一种现代化的教育手段和媒介,承载着教育资源共享、信息传播等多重任务。由于缺乏行业规范,教育网站的质量参差不齐,如何对教育网站进行评价以规范教育网站建设提升教育网站质量日渐受到人们的重视和关注。众多研究者从不同的角度利用不同的方法对教育网站评价进行了研究,但仍未形成统一的标准。基于此,文章对当前国内教育网站评价研究的文献进行了总结分析,并讨论教育网站评价的特点和发展趋势。     

课堂教学评价的有效性及改进建议

依据发展性课堂教学评价理念,本文论述了有效课堂教学评价的标准以及改进我国课堂教学评价的若干建议。这些建议包括:回归课堂教学评价的本体功能,促使评价为教学持续有效地发展服务;加强课堂教学理论与方法的研究,提升教学理论对教学评价的指导性;改进教学评价的方法与技术,推动课堂教学评价的专业化进程;改革现有中小学考试评价制度,让课堂教学评价真正充满活力。     

教育投资比例的国际比较

衡量一国政府对教育“努力程度”的一个重要指标是教育投资的比例 ,事实上 ,各国的投资比例各不相同。本文使用计量回归方法 ,通过教育投资比例的国际比较 ,分析了中国目前教育投资比例的相对状况 ,以及这一比例在未来 2 0年发展变化的趋势和增长潜力。在此基础上 ,提出到 2 0 2 0年中国财政性教育投资比例的适当范围应在 4.5 %至 5 %之间 ,这不仅是必要的 ,而且是可行的     

International Comparisons of School Effectiveness: The second component of the 'crisis account' in England?

Schools and students in Britain have been compared unfavourably with those elsewhere for many years now. International comparisons of school effectiveness and outcomes have been used to suggest that British schools are underperforming, and consequently that British students are underachieving. This has led to repeated calls by researchers and politicians for policy borrowing from countries with more 'successful' educational systems. In the same way, the growth of 'home- international' comparisons has suggested marked differences between the increasingly devolved regions within Britain. This view of the relative ineffectiveness of schools has permeated both official publications and regional attainment targets in the 1990s. This article considers some of these findings from the perspective of England, and the associated problems in studies involving international comparisons. It concludes that, viewed proportionately and in the light of background factors, there is little evidence of either failing or falling standards. Although, as always, absence of evidence should not be taken as evidence of absence there is certainly little reason to agree with the 'crisis account' of English schooling. The implications for the role of international league tables are discussed briefly. Cross-national comparisons, seen in this light, are open to misinterpretation and are therefore potentially dangerous.     

清代教育小说鸟瞰

教育小说是中国古代小说的一种,至清代,教育小说的发展达到了繁荣的顶峰,这与清代社会背景、小说创作者的亲身经历,以及前代教育小说写作经验的积累有关。除长篇教育小说《歧路灯》外,清代还产生近一百三十篇短篇教育小说,其中白话小说集中于对家庭教育的反映,并表现出明显的时代特色;文言教育小说的创新主要体现在对题材的开拓上。     

先秦儒家教育目标述评

以孔子为代表的先秦儒家的教育目标是培养仁智统一的政治贤人“君子”、“圣人” ,因而 ,先秦儒家教育不可避免地局限于政治的学术构建 ,影响了学术领域的开拓 ,也很难孕育出开启民智、激扬理性的文化机制 ,从而对古代教育和文化事业发展产生了负面影响。     

国家内部不同单元的教育比较--理论基础、意义和方法论的思考

传统上来说,比较教育研究主要进行的是以国家或超越国家的区域为单位的跨国比较,而国家内部不同单元的比较则是近年来才在理论与实践上逐步出现并兴起的一个研究领域。本文介绍了这种比较的理论基础和具体操作,并分析了该比较的意义,旨在使我国大陆的比较教育研究人员注意并认识这一个新的研究领域。     

International Seminar on University Governance and Management: An Overview

Tertiary Education and Management -