3～6岁幼儿隐喻理解能力发展现状研究

本研究以杭州市一所幼儿园90名3～6岁幼儿为对象,通过图片配对任务,考察幼儿对6类范畴隐喻的理解能力.结果表明:(1)在所有范畴的隐喻理解任务中均存在显著的年龄差异,而性别差异不显著.(2)小-中班阶段隐喻理解能力的发展速度快于中-大班阶段.(3)幼儿对抽象范畴隐喻的理解能力随年龄增长而增强,不过对知觉类具象范畴隐喻的理解一直具有优势效应.(4)幼儿对隐喻的理解存在若干视角偏好.研究者据此提出教育建议.     

改善2～3岁幼儿进餐行为及其家庭喂养行为的个案研究

本研究运用个案研究法,选取了一名2岁半幼儿及其家长作为研究对象,在了解该名幼儿进餐行为及家庭喂养现状的基础上,制订并实施了干预方案.干预后,这名幼儿的进餐行为及其家庭喂养行为均取得了明显进步.     

Elementary Teacher Talk in Mathematics Study Groups

In this article, the author examines the character of the conversations generated in an elementary teacher group as they worked on mathematical problems together and analyzed their students' work. Two distinct forms of talk — exploratory and expository — were found. The first type of talk occurred most prominently when discussions centered on the teachers' own mathematical work and the second type when conversations centered on that of their students. By examining closely the few occasions when the groups' expository talk turned exploratory, the author explores how both the nature of the tasks and the range and type of facilitator conversational strategies can play significant roles in promoting and interrupting these conversational patterns to educational ends.     

Family Science Talk in Museums: Predicting Children's Engagement From Variations in Talk and Activity

Children's developing reasoning skills are better understood within the context of their social and cultural lives. As part of a research–museum partnership, this article reports a study exploring science‐relevant conversations of 82 families, with children between 3 and 11 years, while visiting a children's museum exhibit about mammoth bones, and in a focused one‐on‐one exploration of a “mystery object.” Parents' use of a variety of types of science talk predicted children's conceptual engagement in the exhibit, but interestingly, different types of parent talk predicted children's engagement depending on the order of the two activities. The findings illustrate the importance of studying children's thinking in real‐world contexts and inform creation of effective real‐world science experiences for children and families.     

电脑屏幕和纸质界面对5～6岁大班幼儿阅读效果的影响研究

本研究以44名5～6岁大班幼儿为被试,探究在电脑屏幕和纸质界面两种媒介条件下幼儿的阅读效果.结果发现,5～6岁大班幼儿在两种媒介条件下的总体阅读效果并没有显著差异,即电脑屏幕和纸质界面的阅读理解效果达到了同等水平,但纸质界面组幼儿在故事记忆测试的结构性回忆问答方面优于电脑屏幕组幼儿.据此,研究者提出了相应建议.     

浅谈幼儿心理健康教育

孩子是祖国的花朵,是国家发展的希望,每一个孩子就像是一个小天使,能够带给家庭与社会无限的愉悦与欢乐。在孩子成长的过程中,注重他们的身体健康无可厚非,但是在关注孩子身体健康的同时,也不应当忽略孩子的心理健康发展。幼儿时期是一个人一生中打下基础的关键时期,在这时期内受到的影响和教育将会影响到他一生的发展。由于幼儿先天上对待任何事物都充满了好奇,因此在幼儿的教育上要予以特别注重,并且这种教育要首先从幼儿的心理健康问题抓起。本文将主要以我国幼儿心理健康为切入点,对我国幼儿心理健康进行一定的研究和调查,并给出相关的发展建议。     

儿童对两组时间词的习得

依据儿童自发性话语材料提出。在“昨天-今天-明天”和“上午-中午-下午-晚上”这两组时间中,儿童首先习得的是“今天”,然后以“今天”为基础,一方面将当日之内的各个时段细化,另一方面的前后时间方向延伸。这一习得机制可称为以“今天”为中心的分步扩散模式。并从理论上做出了解释。     

Provision for Reading for Four Year Old Children

The research outlined in this article was undertaken as part of a small-scale project examining the effects of the voucher scheme on educational provision for four year olds. The findings indicate that, in response to the requirements of the Desirable Outcomes for Children’s Learning, some providers have adopted a formal literacy curriculum based on reading schemes, phonic programmes and worksheets. The article discusses the possible impact of this on children’s reading development.     

漫话儿童线描写生

线描写生简单方便,只要一只签字笔、一张纸、一块画板就能随时随地进行;线描写生具有帮助学生培养观察能力、造型表现力,抒发情感、展示个性等重大意义;线描写生能帮助学生从小就打下很好的绘画基础。     

论易安词中的怀旧意识

李清照的词创作,分为前后两个时期.前期词以表现春思、闺怨为主,怀旧意识已初露端倪.后期词的怀旧情绪较为强烈,内容主要是表现对亡夫的怀念之情和对故国家园的依恋之情.这一创作特点和审美风格的形成与词人的生存环境密切相关,并随着那个时代生活的巨大变迁而进一步深化,最终凝聚成一种意识,即怀旧意识体现在作品中.     

Parental Involvement in Children's Education: Lessons from Three Immigrant Groups

Objective. This study explores immigrant group and individual differences within groups in parental reports of involvement in their children's education as a function of both sociodemographic and cultural variables. Design. Over 300 parents from three different immigrant groups - Portuguese, Dominican and Cambodian - were interviewed when their children were in either second or fifth grade. Results. Language comfort and immigrant group membership were the most frequent variables associated with group differences in the various aspects of parental involvement. Cambodian parents showed the lowest levels of parent involvement as expressed in measures of attitudes, contact with schools, home-based control over children's behavior, and provisions of material support for homework. Ethnographic data suggest that differing forms of group migration, the educational system's differing responses to the groups, and group differences in cultural values explain the above findings. Within the Portuguese and Cambodian groups, language comfort was also the variable most frequently associated with individual differences in the dimensions of parent's involvement. Finally, the different dimensions of parental involvement are highly correlated amongst each other within the Portuguese and Cambodian families, but not so for Dominicans. Conclusions. These findings suggest both similarities and differences in the processes of parental involvement in children's education across three quite different immigrant groups.     

0—3岁亲子阅读的方法

3岁前的幼儿还不能独自阅读,需要在成人的指导下进行,早期阅读又以亲子阅读为主。正确的亲子阅读方法,是保证亲子阅读质量的关键。通过收集、整理大量0—3岁亲子阅读相关的文献,从影响亲子阅读质量的三个方面,对0—3岁亲子阅读方法进行分析、归纳和分类,以期能为广大家长提供较为实用、系统、针对性强的亲子阅读方法。     

浅谈培养幼儿的合作能力

培养幼儿学会交流和合作,不仅能够让幼儿对自己的探索过程进行回顾和反思,及时将自己的新发现与老师、同伴分享,而且对幼儿自身社会性的发展也有着不可低估的作用。     

浅析4～5岁幼儿的家庭教育

许多研究材料表明4～5岁幼儿的心理发展比2～3岁时迅速得多。这个时期的幼儿不仅活泼好动,而且好奇心强,提问多,想象、思维等各方面能力都有了较大程度的提高,这就给家庭教育提出了更高的要求。本文试图从儿童心理发展的角度,对这个年龄阶段幼儿的家长提出一些粗浅的建议,希望对家长有所帮助。     

Child Care Teachers' Response to Children's Emotional Expression

This observational study examined practices through which child care teachers socialize children's emotion. A specific aim was to describe strategies of teacher intervention in response to emotion displayed by children in child care centers, and to answer the question of differential interactions based on children's age and gender.

The results of this study were as follows: (a) toddler teachers matched and encouraged children's positive emotion expression more often than did preschool teachers; (b) in response to children's negative emotion, toddler teachers used physical comfort and distraction more often than did preschool teachers who relied more on verbal mediation; (c) in response to girls' negative emotional expressions, teachers provided more physical comfort and distraction whereas they were more likely to provide boys with constructive ways to express negative emotion.

The results of this study also revealed relatively infrequent teaching about constructive ways of expressing negative emotion and very few occurrences of teacher's empathy, two developmentally appropriate methods for socializing emotion. Teachers may benefit from a training program focusing on facilitating emotional competence.     

Children's Concordant Emotions and Cognitions in Response to Observed Emotions

Children's emotional and cognitive responses to observed scenarios were examined in 2 studies ( N = 138 5–13-year-olds) investigating hypothesized developments in concordant emotion with stimulus persons, cognitive attributions for these emotions, and the effects of emotional intensity in self and stimulus persons. Results across studies confirmed age-related increases in children's emotional and cognitive responses. There were limited increases with age in concordant emotion, and continuous increases in the frequency and kinds of attributions explaining such emotion. Results also confirmed a model ordering expected developments in children's emotion attributions. As expected, stimulus persons' emotional intensity correlated with children's emotion intensity and affect match. However, as expected, empathy with others was lower when children's own intensity was higher than stimulus persons'. Present findings contribute to investigations of children's understanding of emotions and have implications for developmental studies of empathy.