An analysis of reform in administrative system of Chinese higher education

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the administrative system of higher education then was characterized as “centralized”, “Tiao and Kuai” were segmented (some higher education institutions were directly administered by provincial governments, and some were affiliated to the relative administrative departments of the state) and higher education institutions (HEIs) were government-run. The reform in the administrative system of higher education launched in the 1980s broke down the segmentation of “Tiao and Kuai”, and changed it into a new administrative system emphasizing the role of the provincial governments (“Kuai-oriented mode”). Thus, HEIs gained more autonomy and tremendous changes have taken place in the relation between HEIs and the government. However, weakening the government’s administrative control over HEIs and readjusting government-HEIs relations are still the main concerns in reforming the administrative system of Chinese higher education. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science), 2005 (4)     

民办高等教育在高等教育体系中的定位

传统的高等教育类型划分影响了民办大学的准确定位 ,对民办高等教育发展产生了消极影响。本文提出民办高等教育应该属于综合类高等教育 ,民办大学有条件办成以全日制本专科教育为主的综合大学 ,而不是高等职业技术学校     

高等职业教育和普通高等教育的差异分析

高等职业教育既具有高等教育的特点,又具有职业教育的特点,无论是在培养目标、培养模式还是在教学管理等方面,与普通高等教育都有明显的差异。     

中国高等教育制度变迁的路径依赖分析

路径依赖类似于物理学中的惯性,指的是制度变迁一旦走上某一路径,就可能对这种路径产生依赖。中国高等教育制度变迁主要被三种路径依赖束缚:移植别国高等教育制度、高等教育制度的应急性选择、政府对高等教育制度变迁的强控制力。突破高等教育制度变迁中的路径依赖束缚,实现制度创新,就要创新高等教育理念,重新定位政府角色,健全多元监督机制,并赋予高校更多的办学自主权。     

论高等学校的扩招

高等教育由精英化向大众化乃到论过渡,这是高等教育发展的必然趋势,中国的高等教育相对落后,因此扩招是必然之选择,高校扩招对国家、社会、学校、家庭及至个人均有诸多裨益,面对高校扩招所带来的诸多问题与困境,我们要积极地探求解决问题的思路。     

新加坡高等教育大众化评析

:8 0年代中期以前 ,新加坡政府一直推行英才教育政策。但是 ,80年代中后期以来 ,新加坡政府的教育观念和政策发生了很大的变化 ,其中最突出的就是扩大高等学校的招生规模 ,以便让更多的人能接受教育。这一观念和政策的转变使新加坡高等教育步入了一个快速发展的时期。本文对导致这一变化的社会经济背景 ,发展变化过程中的主要改革措施及存在的问题进行了分析和介绍     

我国近代高等教育学制与高等教育现代化

中国近代学制的建立与发展极大地推动了高等教育的现代化进程,并在此期间受到了许多西方包括日本等国影响,但学术界对其发展过程是依附还是借鉴分别持不同观点。通过分析中国近代高等教育学制的嬗变来反思中国高等教育的现代化进程,势必对高等教育未来的发展有所帮助。     

加拿大化运动及其对加拿大高等教育体制的影响

加拿大化运动是20世纪60年代末由加拿大学术界所倡导的学术与文化民族主义运动。从1968年在卡尔顿大学兴起,到70年代意义深远的教育改革和1981年一项新的国家移民政策的制定,加拿大化运动经历了曲折的历程。它对加拿大高等教育的发展,特别是对加拿大大学的课程设置、聘任制度及其实施,以及加拿大民族主义的构建都产生了深远的影响。     

省级政府履行高等教育财政责任影响因素的实证分析

我国实行的中央和省两级管理、以省为主的高等教育管理体制,决定了省级政府对高等教育承担着不可推卸的财政责任。文章在描述分析省级政府高等教育财政责任履行现状的基础上,对财政责任的影响因素进行计量分析,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

析高等教育产业化的认识误区

我国高等教育体制的改革到了关键时期，改革的方向和目标不但决定着今后我国高等教育如何发展，而且将对我国社会发展产生重要影响，高等教育有着其特殊的发展规律，在对市场规律普遍认同的今天，市场规律不适用于教育＊（包括高等教育），即高等教育不能产业化，高等教育的发展必须遵循教育的发展规律，但同时可以借鉴市场经济的运行机制。     

中国高等教育管理体制改革的政策分析

二十多年来我国关于高等教育管理体制改革的重要政策,多有创新之处,不乏理论意义,但也存在目标偏移、对象模糊、主体缺位、路径不明等弱点。高等教育管理体制改革的核心目标应坚定不移地定位于转变政府管理职能,理顺政府与高校的关系。为此,改革政策的重新设计势所必然。     

Combining competing units in higher education: An analysis of voting patterns

Two competing units in teacher education were combined into a single unit at the University of North Dakota. In the first year of the new unit, the Center for Teaching and Learning, several decisive activities have taken place. Among those activities is the formation of three standing committees and the major decision making body, the constituency council. The voting patterns for the committees and the constituency council were investigated, with a major interest in any factionalization in the voting patterns. Generally, the effectiveness of voting blocks was rather limited, indicating a reasonably satisfactory integration of the two competing units.     

高校网站管理问题分析及解决方案

本文通过对高校网站建设与管理中存在的问题进行分析和研究,针对目前管理的现状及暴露出的种种弊端,提出一种利用统一的建站与维护平台对网站进行分级管理的解决方案,该方案在我校网站建设中已进入实施阶段。     

高等教育系统的生态承载力研究

高等教育系统的生态承载力具有客观性、可变性和多层次性等特点,高等教育资源承载力和环境承载力分别是其基础条件和约束条件,同时,生态弹性力也影响着高等教育系统。高等教育的发展规模必须适应相应的生态承载力。     

Expansion without equity: An analysis of current policy on access to higher education in Brazil

Access to higher education in Brazil is to a large extent restricted to the higher socio-economic groups. Public universities have limited places and entry is determined by highly competitive exams, thereby excluding those who have not had a high quality secondary education or attended an expensive preparatory course. There has been considerable growth in the private sector to absorb the excess demand, but the majority of Brazilians cannot afford the fees. This paper develops a concept of equity in higher education in which, firstly, there should be sufficient places in the system as a whole and, secondly, all people should have a fair opportunity of attending the university of their choice regardless of socio-economic background. Recent efforts to expand access are analysed, including incentives for the growth of private universities, student loans and the new Prouni initiative, in which private institutions provide free places to low-income students in return for tax exemptions. While these initiatives have the potential to increase the total number of places, they will not lead to an equitable expansion, as disadvantaged students will still be confined to courses of lower quality or with lower subsequent value on the employment market. Initiatives aimed at the public sector such as the introduction of quotas and changes to entry examinations are also discussed. Finally, some implications for future policy development are outlined. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the World Congress of Comparative Education Societies, Havana, 25th–29th October 2004.     

试析我国高等教育的包容之道

在高等教育大众化阶段,接受高等教育是社会包容度的一个核心指标.高等教育要从促进社会包客的角度去把握人才培养和学术服务的社会责任,促进教育、文化、经济、社会、环境的协调发展与可持续发展.阐述社会包客思想及其理论基础,介绍美国、澳大利亚政府与高等教育机构共同促进社会包容性发展的主要举措,剖析我国高等教育实现"包容性增长"所面临的挑战,论述我国高等教育的包容之道并提出策略建议.     

The multidisciplinary roots of higher education research: An analysis of citation patterns

Researchers in higher education (HE) are a community of academics with backgrounds and experiences in a variety of scientific disciplines. For this reason, HE research is influenced by other disciplines from which HE researchers take theories, constructs and research methods. This article describes a large-scale analysis of the impact of different scientific fields on HE research. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influences of psychology, sociology & political science, and economics as the disciplines that have the greatest impact on HE research. To assess this impact, we analyse citation patterns in seven key HE journals. Our empirical analysis confirms that HE research is indeed a multidisciplinary field and experiences a different impact of identified scientific fields for HE articles of different topics. We analyse the dynamics of such an impact and discuss the factors that may cause the growth of multidisciplinarity in HE research.     

高等教育制度创新是高等教育发展的源动力

从“大学是什么”、“大学之道是什么”入手,揭示大学制度建立发展中的基本问题,阐明制度创新是大学数百年发展进程中的不变动力。立足现实、面对挑战、着眼未来,提出了中国高等教育制度在新世纪创新发展的四项原则,并诠释中国大学应具有的理念,强调要坚定追求真理的职业信念、高扬理性。     

中国高等教育评估组织多元发展的制度文本分析

以教育法规作为文本分析的基础,以"价值中立"的评估发展理论为线索,分析了中国高等教育评估组织多元发展的历程和主要特点.研究表明,我国高等教育评估组织发展划分为四个阶段:政府集权、地方分权、社会中介组织介入、专业化发展.评估机构应由单一的政府组织,向多区域、多层级、多主体的多元结构发展,最终通过提高组织的专业化程度.解决评估"价值中立"的问题.