Relationship between MT(Mother Tongue) and FL(English Learning)

Through four Chapters’analysis,I analyze the relationship between mother tongue and English,the effects of internal factors like age of learners,intellegence and external Factors such as attitudes,and integrative and instrumental motivation on English Learning in order to tell the readers what the aspects are to affect English learning.At the meaning time,the positive and negative roles of Mother Tongue in English Learning are emphasized so as to conclude the importance of mother tomgue learning on English learning.In the end,by having experienced 20 years’English learning and several years’working as an English translator or interpreter,I present my personal ideas about the effects of mother tongue’s learning on English learning and also suggest some ways or methods for the English learning beginners during the learning process.     

Student Learning Theory goes (back) to (high) school

Biggs’ 3P (Presage–Process–Product) model, a key framework in Student Learning Theory, provides a powerful means of understanding relations between students’ perceptions of the teaching and learning environment, learning strategies, and learning outcomes. While influential in higher education, fewer tests of the model in secondary education contexts have been conducted. We investigated relations between Presage, Process and Product variables in the Australian secondary education context, using a wider range of Presage variables than is typical, as well as a novel set of outcomes (class participation, homework completion, and educational aspirations). Australian students (N = 5,198) from 13 high schools participated in the study, completing a paper-based survey in class. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for construct validity of scales. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the fit of the hypothesised 3P model to the data, and estimate direct and indirect effects between Presage, Process and Product variables. Across the Presage variables, academic self-efficacy and perceived teacher support had the strongest direct effects on outcome variables, as well as the strongest indirect effects through the Product variables. Demographic (e.g., age, gender, parental education) and personological (e.g., Big five personality measures) covariates were generally less salient. The present study illustrates the utility of the 3P model in contemporary secondary education settings. Building academic self-efficacy and positive perceptions of teacher support should enhance both the Processes and Products of learning in secondary settings.     

Noncognitive Variables and Student Learning in Extended Opportunity Programs and Services (EOPS)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate the relationship between participation in Extended Opportunity Programs and Services (EOPS) at California Valley College (CVC) (one of the 113 California Community Colleges in California) and several measures of student learning. An embedded survey design was developed using William Sedlacek’s noncognitive questionnaire (NCQ), items from the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE), items based on Marcia Baxter Magolda’s epistemological reflection model of cognitive complexity, and items based on student learning outcomes for learning in EOPS. The survey had a 43.7% response rate. Students’ demographic characteristics, progress data, and grades were also collected. The survey concluded with four open-ended questions examining students’ perceptions about their learning. GPA (grade point average) as an outcome measure, and several NCQ scales were positively correlated with the Learning in EOPS Scale. Qualitative and mixed methods analyses extended statistical findings, highlighting the importance of positive outlook, positive self-concept, realistic self-appraisal, and support for learning. Finally, the study found that students’ academic and social involvement played a noteworthy role in students’ development, especially as related to cognitive complexity and learning in EOPS.     

Construction and Validation of a Chinese Value of Learning Scale (CVLS)

The Chinese Value of Learning Scale (CVLS) is a 5-item instrument for assessing the value of learning in Chinese culture. The psychometric properties of CVLS were investigated in a convenient sample of 583 Chinese soon-to-be-aged adults in Hong Kong. CVLS possesses high internal consistency and exhibited satisfactory short-term test-retest reliability. CVLS also exhibited high face validity and mild convergent validity with other 48-item openness-to-experience scale (OTES) from Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and is significantly related to the past and actual learning experience. In view of its brevity and easy administration, CVLS offers a useful instrument to further investigate the value of learning in Chinese culture and its possible relationship with adults' learning behaviour.     

Development and validation of the Self-Regulated Translation Learning Strategy Scale (SRTLSS)

Self-regulated learning (SRL) has been highlighted as a critical aspect of translation learning. However, past work in translation learning has rarely sought to synthesize translation learning strategies under a self-regulated learning paradigm. Further research would be confined by the paucity of a psychometrically sound instrument to measure learners' self-regulated translation learning strategies. This study aimed to develop a reliable and valid self-regulated translation learning strategy scale (SRTLSS). Based on relevant literature, we hypothesized a hierarchical model and generated items for the SRTLSS. Drawing on the response from 873 Chinese English majors, the validated SRTLSS had 25 items addressing five dimensions: self-control, meaning fulfillment, value and interest, text processing, and retrieving strategies. Results demonstrated the SRTLSS has good measurement validity and reliability with strong invariance across undergraduate and graduate students. The SRTLSS can be used as a complementary tool to diagnose learners' weaknesses and strengths in translation teaching and learning.     

The Unity of Teaching and Learning (1919)

Today people call those who teach in schools "teachers," and they call what they do "teaching," and they call the methods they use "teaching methods," as though teachers are people who do nothing but teach the students a little book learning. Apart from teaching, they seemingly have no other ability; apart from what is in books, they have nothing else to teach; and the students in this kind of school, apart from receiving instruction, have no other assignments. Teachers only concern themselves with teaching, and students only concern themselves with receiving instruction, as though the business of learning could be completely transacted by the act of teaching. If we are talking about names, such schools are of course "institutions of learning," but if we are discussing the reality, they are more like "institutions of teaching." This is because we have emphasized teaching too much. Without knowing it, we have caused teaching to become separated from learning, though learning and teaching really cannot be separated and should be united.     

Development and validation of the Place-Based Learning and Constructivist Environment Survey (PLACES)

Learning environment studies acknowledge that learning takes place within the social realm and that social conditions contribute to the quality of both learning and experience. This can be said to be especially true for environmental learning programs. To access information about students?? perceptions of their learning environment, a robust instrument for describing and measuring student perceptions of environmental education in place-based educational settings was developed and validated. Focus groups with environmental educators were formed to explore (from teachers?? perspective) the factors viewed as most important to environmental learning and as most likely to influence the unique type of learning environments fostered in place-based or community-based environmental education programs. Analysis of qualitative work resulted in the inclusion of eight scales developed/adapted from previous learning environment surveys for use in the new Place-Based Learning and Constructivist Environment Survey for use in secondary settings. In this article, validity and reliability data for this instrument are presented and the implications of these data for future research within environmental education, place-based education and teacher education programs are discussed.     

综合学习的蓝图(上)——四元教学设计模式

本文对四元教学设计模式做出概述。该模式最初是由范梅里恩伯尔等人在20世纪90年代初期为设计综合能力的培训项目而开发的。本文论述了综合学习培训蓝图的结构及相应的教学方法,其基本观点是:学习任务、相关知能、支持程序和专项操练这四个彼此关联的元素,在综合学习蓝图中是必不可少的。文章讨论了与涉及综合能力有关的基本学习过程相匹配的教学方法,同时提供了"检索文献"培训蓝图的样例。     

Learning How (and How Not) to Weld: Vocational Learning in Technical Vocational Education

This article focuses on vocational learning in technical vocational education in upper-secondary school, with a special focus on the object of learning to weld. A concrete teaching situation where the learning object to weld is the focus of the interaction between a vocational teacher and an upper-secondary student was documented by a video camera and then analysed from two different perspectives: a conversation analytical perspective and a variation theory perspective. The combination of the two perspectives allows a study of learning that deals with issues regarding both form and content, which may increase our understanding of vocational learning in technical vocational education in upper-secondary school.     

英语教学中的自主学习及其能力的培养

本文介绍了自主学习的定义,探讨了自主学习的优势以及培养学习者自主学习精神的必要性和方法,说明了教师和学生如何转换角色,发展自主学习,从而获得最佳学习效果。     

一种基于粗集理论的动态学习算法

本文对数据库中新增对象重新进行分类,并对此提出了一种基于粗集理论的动态学习算法DLA,并对动态学习算法与传统算法在执行的时间长短上进行比较,得出动态学习算法能在数据库应用中有效地减少更新过程中的计算量,从而达到提高效率的目的。     

GTravels towards Problem Based Learning in Medical Education (VPBL)

This paper reports the results and insights ofan exploratory investigation of theeffectiveness of a prototypic virtualproblem-based learning (VPBL) exercisedelivered via the WWW, that uses HypermediaAssisted Instructional Technologies (HAIT). The study targeted all first year medicalstudents at a south-central University Schoolof Medicine who were enrolled in the humanphysiology course during the Spring 2000 (n =150). A quasi-experimental, post-test onlyresearch design compared the VPBL and atext-based version of the same PBL exercise onstudents' achievement, as measured by a set ofselected physiology examination items, andtheir perceptions of the learning environment,as measured by the Teaching and LearningEnvironment Questionnaire (TLEQ) (Chauvin &Bowdish, 1998). Findings suggest that the VPBLis equally as effective as the text-basedversion for enhancing students' learning andtheir learning environment in small group, PBLsessions. In this paper, we examine theevidence supporting the VPBL innovation andexplore what constitutes necessary andsufficient evidence that an educationalinnovation should be incorporated appropriatelyinto the medical educational practice of aschool. We examine instructional design issuessuch as learner control, instructional control,and teacher and learner roles as related toinstructional development for the WWW, bycomparing and contrasting our observations ofthe VPBL design experiment with theprofessional literature.     

少数民族大学生L2(汉语)水平对L3(英语)词汇学习策略的影响

L3(英语)学习会引起学习者语言系统质量的改进,促进学习者语言学习技能、语言管理技能以及语言维持技能的发展。通过对新疆三所高校214名少数民族大学生英语词汇学习策略使用情况的实证分析表明,L2(汉语)水平对学习者L3(英语)词汇学习策略的使用倾向有明显的影响,L3(英语)学习者作为有经验的学习者,更注重在L2(汉语)学习中提炼有效的学习经验。     

Individual Learning Style and the Learning Style Inventory

According to experience learning theory (ELT) learning is a process. ELT conceives of learning as a four-stage cycle including four learning modes: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. The learning style inventory (LSI) invented from ELT provides a framework for examining one's approach to learning situations. The aim of the present study was to collect data with the LSI and present: (a) the test-retest reliability coefficients for the different learning modes; (b) the correlation between different learning modes and age; (c) gender differences in the learning modes; and (d) homogeneous groups of students with different learning styles. The results showed highly significant reliability coefficients, non-significant correlations between learning modes and age, gender differences in some learning modes, and a cluster analysis found homogenous groups with different learning styles.     

基于关联主义的个人学习网络管理系统

随着学习理论的发展和网络通讯技术的进步,网络教学（学习）系统在经历了CMS、LMS、LCMS和LAMS的四个阶段之后,面对学习者新的学习需求,又将呈现新的功能特征。建设学习网络管理系统（LNMS）的理念,将学习者关系管理纳入学习管理的过程,对于构建一个支持学习者非正式学习和社会化学习的网络环境,具有重要意义。     

Online Faculty Development and Assessment System (OFDAS): A Study of Academic Learning

The rapid growth of online learning has led to the development of faculty inservice evaluation models that are geared towards the demands of quality improvement of degree programs. Based on the best practices of student online assessment, the Online Faculty Development and Assessment System (OFDAS) created at the Canary Islands was designed to serve the dual purpose of faculty development and classroom learning environment assessment. Results of analyses showed that OFDAS maximized the potential of online faculty development to encourage staff to reflect on Curriculum and Teaching Capacities (CTC). Implications were discussed in terms of emphasizing the process of online CTC learning and incorporating perspectives to capture a comprehensive view of faculty teaching attitudes and their association with student classroom learning perceptions.     

探析深度学习表征的一种新方法:社会认知网络特征(SENS)

近年来,深度学习在教育领域越来越受到重视,它被划分为三大维度:认知领域、人际领域和自我领域。已有的基于问卷、测试题和访谈等方式进行的学习效果分析,难以满足人们对于深度学习中的动态、过程和综合的分析需求。作为一种新的研究方法,社会认知网络特征(SENS)结合了社会网络分析(SNA)和认知网络分析(ENA)两种分析方法,能够很好地对深度学习的三个领域进行分析。通过对原有的SENS方法进行改进,提出了适合深度学习SENS方法的一般步骤,并对每个步骤进行详细的介绍;通过以两个典型案例展示如何利用SENS来促进深度学习,并将深度学习和在线协作数据分析相结合;提出了应用SENS的一些经验与建议,以期为今后研究深度学习提供新的思路和方法。     

Learning in science project (teacher development): The framework

The Centre for Science and Mathematics Education Research at the University of Waikato is now undertaking the fourth Learning in Science Project, LISP(Teacher Development). The project builds on the findings of the previous three projects on the nature of learning and how to improve learning of science in classrooms. This two-year project is investigating the process of teacher development (as change in behaviour and beliefs) in the context of two kinds of teacher courses that acknowledge and take into account teachers’ existing ideas. This paper summarises the planning done for the first phase of the project as detailed in Bell, Kirkwood and Pearson (1990). Specializations: learning theories, curriculum development, equity issues. Specializations: science education, teacher professional development.     

Teaching and Learning about Language Change (Part One)

With particular reference to recent developments (including some in communication‐technology), this first of two papers explores the nature of ‘language change’ – its kinds, mechanisms and effects – and some attitudes towards it. It then suggests a case for teaching and learning about language change (bearing in mind, particularly, students in the 11–16 age range). The second paper, which will appear in Changing English 18:2, suggests approaches of two broad kinds and contexts: (1) as opportunities arise in undertaking other work; and (2) within planned, ‘set‐piece’ activities. Extensive notes/references are offered as support to teachers.