Retrofitting of RC Slabs Against Explosive Loads

With the increase of terrorist bomb attacks on buildings, there is a need to develop advanced retrofitting techniques to strengthen structures against blast loads. Currently, several guidelines including an Australian version for retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) structures are available for the design of retrofitting systems against seismic and monotonic loads using steel or fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plates that can be either adhesively bonded to the surface or near surface mounted to the concrete cover. However, none of these guidelines provide advice suitable for retrofitting structures subjected to blast loads. In this paper, numerical models are used to simulate the performance of retrofitted RC slabs subjected to blast loads. Airblast pressure distributions on the surface of the slabs estimated in a previous study are used as input in the analysis. A material damage model developed previously for concrete and an elastoplastic model for steel bars are employed in this research for modelling reinforced concrete behaviour due to explosive loads. The material models and blast loading are coded into a finite element computer program LS-DYNA3D to do the analysis. With the numerical model, parametric studies are conducted to investigate RC slabs retrofitted by either externally bonded or near-surface mounted plates or GFRP sheets subjected to blast loads. Discussion is made on the effectiveness of the retrofitting system for RC slabs against blast loads.     

Occupant friendly seismic retrofit by concrete plates

Abstract： An innovative occupant friendly retrofitting technique has been developed for reinforced concrete （RC） building structures with hollow brick infill wails used as partition walls which constitute the major portion of the existing building stock in Turkey. The idea is to convert the existing hollow brick infill wall into a load carrying system acting as a cast-in-place RC wall by reinforcing it with relatively thin concrete plates bonded to the mortar coated infill wall by use of tile adhesive and fixed by qb6 （6 mm diameter） bolts. Test parameters were the shape and thickness of the plates, presence of reinforcement in plates, number and arrangement of O6 bolts. It was observed that lateral strength, stiffness, energy dissipation capacity, and ductility of the strengthened infill walls were improved and behaviour was enhanced by the proposed technique. Plates with two different basic shapes were used to strengthen the test specimens.     

韦水倒虹除险加固技术的提出与实施

针对韦水倒虹钢筋砼管道受水中推移质撞击、管道底部形成冲槽、受力钢筋磨损、钢筋截面减小、结构安全度降低等特点,提出了在钢筋砼管道底部90°范围内进行粘钢补强加固的技术方案,并论述了粘钢补强加固方案的设计原理及施工工艺。     

钢梁与钢筋混凝土桥墩的新型刚节点联结形式及其静载反复试验

提出了一种新型的桥梁钢梁与钢筋混凝土桥墩的刚节点联结形式．刚节点内部构件间的连接全部采用高强度螺栓连接方式且施工方便，能够较理想地将上部结构弯矩传递到下部结构，剪力传递钢板承受了大部分的水平剪力．通过静荷载反复试验获得了有关这种新型结构性能方面的有效数据，试验结果表明该结构内部应力传递路径明确，并具有良好的抗震性能．有关结构的强度和塑性变形的计算及试验结果均表明，这种结构即使在发生很大变形的情况下，也能保持良好的能量吸收功能且没有出现因应力集中而发生的局部曲屈现象．由于避免使用了价格昂贵的支座，采用这种新型组合结构形式不但具有良好的抗震性能，同时可以降低桥梁的建设成本．     

Effect of weld reinforcement on axial plastic buckling of welded steel cylindrical shells

The effect of weld reinforcement on axial plastic buckling of welded steel cylindrical shells is investigated through experimental and numerical buckling analysis using six welded steel cylindrical shell specimens. The relationship between the amplitude of weld reinforcement and the axial plastic buckling critical load is explored. The effect of the material yield strength and the number of circumferential welds on the axial plastic buckling is studied. Results show that circumferential weld reinforcement represents a severe imperfect form of axially compressed welded steel cylindrical shells and the axial plastic buckling critical load decreases with the increment of the mean amplitude of circumferential weld reinforcement. The material yield strength and the number of circumferential welds are found to have no significant effect on buckling waveforms; however, the axial plastic buckling critical load can be decreased to some extent with the increase of the number of circumferential welds.     

Hierarchical closed form solutions for plates bent by localized transverse loadings

3D and 2D closed form plate models are here applied to static analysis of simply supported square isotropic plates. 2D theories are hierarchically classified on the basis of the accuracy of the displacements and stresses obtained by comparison to the 3D exact results that could be assumed by the reader as benchmark for further analyses. Attention is mainly paid on localized loading conditions, that is, piecewise constant load. Also bi-sinusoidal and uniformly distributed loadings are taken into account. All of those configurations are considered in order to investigate the behavior of the 2D models in the case of continu- ous/uncontinuous, centric or off-centric loading conditions. The ratio between the side length a and the plate thickness h has been assumed as analysis parameter. Higher order 2D models yield accurate results for any considered load condition in the case of moderately thick plates, a/h=10. In the case of thick plates, a/h=5, and continuous/uncontinuous centric loading conditions high accuracy is also obtained. For the considered off-centric load condition and thick plates good results are provided for some output quantities. A better solution could be achieved by simply increasing the polynomial approximation order of the axiomatic 2D displacement field.     

钢结硬质合金工模具的加工方法、设计特点及应用

钢结硬质合金是一种特性介于钢和硬质合金之间的新型金属材料，它既有硬质合金高硬度、高耐磨性的特点，也有钢的可加工性、可锻性，可焊性，可热处理性等特点，并已在机械工业、冶金工业、地质矿山和石化工业等领域得到了应用。研究钢结硬质合金的特性并进一步推广其应用，将有利于推进材料技术及相关领域的发展，能够创造出更大的经济、社会效益。     

焊接箱形梁腹板极限承载力的简化分析方法

:焊接箱形梁腹板存在较高的屈曲后强度 ,可供利用 .对箱形梁腹板在各种受力条件下的屈曲后性能进行了理论分析 ,同时在参考国内外钢结构设计规范的基础上 ,提出了相应的简化分析方法 ,供工程设计和修订规范时参考 .计算结果表明 ,本文提出的分析方法简单可行     

外包粘钢加固法在建筑结构加固中的应用

钢筋混凝土的加固问题一直是国内外致力研究的一个课题。在众多混凝土加固方法中,外包粘钢加固法由于具有简单、快速、不影响结构外形等优点在建筑及公路桥梁中应用广泛。采用外包粘钢加固法由于灌浆料的不同,加固效果也有一定的差别。试验证明,采用钢板和CGM填料加固混凝土柱不仅可行,且效果良好。     

钢板内衬加固技术在信邑沟水库放水洞处理中的应用

钢板内衬加固技术是对已出现裂缝的钢笳砼管道进行加固补强,提高管道使用寿命的方法之一。该技术被广泛应用于水利设施的除险项目中。本文通过对宝鸡峡信邑沟水库除险加固工程放水洞钢板内衬加固施工中的钢板内衬应力分析、钢板制作和安装、接触灌浆等步骤的描述来阐述钢板内衬加固施工工艺简单、效果好等特点。     

矩形板的杂交有限条解法

本文建立一种板的应力杂交有限条,用于求解简支矩形板。在有限条列式中,条内假设应力场,并使其满足平衡方程。在条间假设位移场。对简支矩形板的数字算例表明,这种方法是可行的,并能较快地逼近准确解。     

FRP加固RC圆柱正截面受弯承载力计算（英文）

运用数值计算方法对FRP加固钢筋混凝土（RC）圆柱截面特性进行计算,发现截面破坏时受压区高度主要受轴压比、FRP约束强度比和纵筋配筋特征值3个主要参数影响.根据数值计算的结果进行回归,提出了受压区对应圆心角θ的计算方法.数值计算结果显示,横向约束导致的混凝土应力提高以及纵筋屈服后的强化效应使RC柱破坏时截面受弯承载力远大于规范规定值.根据理论分析和36个大比例试件实测结果提出截面破坏时受弯承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合很好.最后,对一个典型柱变形能力进行参数分析,研究轴压比,纵筋配筋特征值和FRP约束强度比对正截面变弯承载力的影响.结果显示FRP加固圆柱破坏时受弯承载力可以比规范规定的未加固柱受弯承载力提高50%左右.     

Numerical analysis of dynamic behavior of RC slabs under blast loading

In Order to reduce economic and life losses due to terrorism or accidental explosion threats,reinforced concrete(RC)slabs of buildings need to be designed or retrofitted to resist blast loading.In this paper the dynamic behavior Of RC slabs under blast loading and its influencing factors are studied.The numerical model of an RC slab subjected to blast loading is established using the explicit dynamic analysis software.Both the strain rate effect and the damage accumulation are taken into account in the material model.The dynamic responses of the RC slab subiected to blast loading are analyzed,and the influence of concrete strength,thickness and reinforcement ratio on the behavior of the RC slab under blast loading iS numerically investigated.Based on the numerical results.some principles for blast-resistant design and retrofitting are proposed to improve the behavior of the RC slab subjected to blast loading.     

钢管混凝土拱桥基于有限元的整体稳定性分析

从工程实例出发,对一座钢管混凝土拱桥建立了有限元模型,从线弹性和几何非线性两个方面进行了数值分析,分析表明该桥的屈曲稳定比较可靠,结构失稳模态均为拱肋面外失稳,表明拱肋的横向刚度相对系梁较弱.     

Blast response of full-size concrete walls with chemically reactive enamel (CRE)-coated steel reinforcement

In this study, two full-size concrete walls were tested and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a chemically reactive enamel (CRE) coating in improving their mechanical behavior under blast loading: one with CRE-coated rebar and the other with uncoated rebar. Each wall was subjected in sequence to four explosive loads with equivalent 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) charge weights of 1.82, 4.54, 13.6, and 20.4 kg. A finite element model of each wall under a close-in blast load was developed and validated with pressure and strain measurements, and used to predict rebar stresses and concrete surface strain distributions of the wall. The test results and visual inspections consistently indicated that, compared with the barrier wall with uncoated reinforcement, the wall with CRE-coated rebar has fewer concrete cracks on the front and back faces, more effective stress transfers from concrete to steel rebar, and stronger connections with its concrete base. The concrete surface strain distributions predicted by the model under various loading conditions are in good agreement with the crack patterns observed during the tests.     

Nonlinear dynamic buckling of stiffened plates under in-plane impact load

This paper presents a simple solution of the dynamic buckling of stiffened plates under in-plane impact loading. Based on large deflection theory, a discretely stiffened plate model has been used. The tangential stresses of stiffeners and in-plane displacement are neglected. Appling the Hamilton's principle, the motion equations of stiffened plates are obtained. The deflection of the plate is taken as Fourier series, and using Galerkin method the discrete equations can be deduced, which can be solved easily by Runge-Kutta method. The dynamic buckling loads of the stiffened plates are obtained form Budiansky-Roth criterion.     

Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.     

钢框架-冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体结构抗震性能有限元分析

利用有限元软件ABAQUS对纯钢框架试件、冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体试件、钢框架-冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体试件、覆双面OSB板的钢框架-冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体试件进行水平低周往复荷载作用下研究,分析了试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、抗侧刚度、延性和耗能等。结果表明,钢框架与冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体有明显的组合效应;冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体能明显增强钢框架结构的承载力、刚度、延性和耗能能力;覆双面OSB板钢框架-冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体结构抗震性能较不覆板的钢框架-冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体结构抗震性能好。     

基于计算机软件MIDAS对某桥梁结构分析

桥梁结构有限元分析软件MIDAS在桥梁结构分析中的应用日益广泛。随着社会的快速发展,车辆荷载变异严重,立交桥不时承担着重车超重等荷载作用。经检测发现某地一立交桥有多联梁体偏移严重,且梁体存在受力裂缝及其他裂纹等病害。为摸清该桥的受力性能,基于通用计算机软件MIDAS对该立交桥梁进行加固处理并进行静动载结构分析,分析结果为该桥的使用性能及其加固提供了参考。     

Distribution of Welding Residual Stress of Mixed Steel U-Rib-Stiffened Plates

To analyze the effects of width and thickness of each composition element of mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates on the welding residual stress distribution, the distribution of the U-rib and the plate residual stress was calculated using a simplified calculation method. The method involved welding the mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates for a structure with different sizes and different strength ratios of U-rib to plate. Based on a welding residual stress numerical simulation method validated by the blind hole method test, the distribution law of the mixed steel U-rib stiffened plate was studied. The results showed that the change of plate width has little impact on the welding residual stress and that the ratio of the thicknesses of the plate to U-rib stiffeners, the thickness of the plate, and the thickness of the U-rib has a great influence on the distribution of the welding residual stress. The thickness of plate and steel strength also greatly influenced the distribution width of the residual tensile stress. While analyzing the compression capacity of U-rib-stiffened plates, the simplified distribution of welding residual stress was used.