与文本对话的类型

从逻辑学的角度讲，读与本的对话共有五种类型，其中绝大多数为不完满对话。所以，我们应该承认多元读解，宽容“误读”。     

读者接受与编辑选择

编辑系统研究是整个编辑学建设的系统工程。近年来，编辑系统原有的三元序列“作-编-读”更新重组为“读-编-作”的趋向已日渐明显。对读的本接受过程进行深入考察，将会对编辑出版工作带来新的启示。读本接受过程，实质上是本蕴含的化价值的实现过程，这种实现首先是在读“心的层次”上展开的。尽管社会科学本和自然科学本，其“解读空间”大小有别，但由于读“期待视野”的不同，均或多或少地存在着解读的差异性。就学本而言，其意义的生成不是单方面由作创造的，而是由读和作共同创造的。考察读的本接受过程，对编辑工作的启示主要有二：一是编对本的选择。编应根据时代需求、社会需求、读需求选择先进本、原创本和精品本。二是编对编辑手段的选择，包括对编辑技术、编辑辅以及编辑组构方式的选择。具体采用何种编辑手段，应从引导读接受的角度出发，视本的思想性、时效性和可读性而定。     

追踪作者原创本意：《百合花》的另一种读解思路

文本读解能力是语文教师应具备的元能力，是衡量教师教学水平的重要指标之一。文本读解理论将读解方法分为作者、文本和读者中心三极走向，三者均具独立存在的价值又有机结合互为补充。文章以短篇小说《百合花》为例，对作品所涉时间、事件、情感变化线索细致梳理，探索在战争年代，“我”、通讯员、新媳妇在短时间相处过程中建立“肝胆相照、生死与共”的真挚情感，试图从“作者中心”“文本中心”二极出发，围绕“创作谈”，通过倾听文本发出的细微声响，追踪作者原创本意，为语文教师读解文本提供新的路径。     

文学读解与语文美育

文学读解熔解释活动与审美活动于一炉,是一种审美的读解活动;语文美育,就是通过对课文的审美赏析对学生进行审美教育,两者有相似相通之处。因而在语文教学中,我们可以借鉴文学读解中的横向综合(从字到词到句到段,最后到篇)和纵向深化(从“言”到“象”、到“意”,达到对文本的理解)的交叉理论,寻求适当方法对学生实施审美教育。     

"X上"和"X里"的认知分析

“上”和“里”是现代汉语中使用频率很高的两个方位词。一般认为，“X上”和“X里”相通交叉甚少。通过深入考察各种本，我们发现两不仅在单纯的空间方位上有相通之处，而且在隐喻的概念范畴中，也有相通之处。本作尝试从隐喻角度说明和解释这种现象。     

珍视独特感受 引导多元读解

蒋成瑀在他的力作《语文课文读解理论与方法》一书中提出了“读解课文的三极走向”学说：①作者一极，以恢复作者的原意为读解目标；②文本一极，以作品文本自身为意义，依文立解，以文本为出发点或原点的读解理论；③读者一极，以读者为中心，认为作品文本的意义是读者介入后赋予的。其中，以“读者为中心”的读解理论启示我们：阅读教学要从接受者，即学生的实际出发，了解学生的语言发展水平，珍视学生对文本独特的认识感受，引导学生多元读解，读出新意，培养阅读能力，使阅读教学从教师阐释课文转移到让学生学会阅读的轨道上来。     

古代诗歌读解三题

读解古代诗歌有没有方法?这是许多人关心的问题。它的答案,大概如同古人论写文章一样:“大体须有,定体则无。”一成不变、灵丹妙药式的方法是没有的,大体可行的方法却不能说没有。本文根据个人的体会,从三个方面谈一谈读解的方法。 一、多读熟背,融会贯通 宋代理学家朱熹说:“古人云:‘读书千遍,其义自见’,谓读得熟,则不待解说,自晓其义也。”大家熟悉的两句古语说:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会吟诗也会吟。”看来,多读、熟读以至背诵,是前人学习诗文行之有效的经验总结。所以杜甫有“读书破万卷”的佳话,白居易则有读书“以至口舌成疮,手肘成胝”的美谈。     

改革中学阅读教学的重要理论依据——读解的指向

阅读由作者、文本和读者这三极构成，受不同阅读思想的影响，阅读理解的指向在三个方面依次移动，产生了以恢复作者的原意为读解目的，以研究文本自身的意义为读解目标，以读者参与构建作品的意义为读解核心的三种读解理论。阅读理解不同指向的出现有其不同的历史背景与文化价值观念的影响。因此，语文教师应该了解阅读理论的变化，驾驭读解的指向。一传统读解理论传统读解理论以复现作者的原意为阅读的根本目的。这种阅读主张源远流长，至今仍是读解理论的主流。我国的传统阅读理论由孟子正式提出，“以意逆志”和“知人论世”是我国正统的…     

大陆杂文与台湾杂文

新时期以来，大陆杂走了一段“之”形路线；台湾杂以四名家作抽样“样本”审视：梁实秋依然是回避政治，龙应台是淡化政治，柏杨是侧击政治，李敖是面对政治并取对立立场，他们的杂均受到海内外读的美赞，可见台湾杂多元化并存的格局，两岸杂有可比之处，也有不可比与不宜比之处。     

浅谈中学语文阅读教学

课堂教学是学校教育的中心环节 ,是教师根据教学大纲所规定的要求、范围 ,指导学生系统地学习科学文化知识 ,发展智力 ,培养学生思想品德和多种素质的一种重要教育形式。中学语文阅读教学也如此 ,但许多同学感到阅读教学的课堂索然无味 ,许多教师感到阅读教学实在痛苦。如何扭转这种状况呢？一、以读为本 ,凭读解问 ,借读悟情阅读、阅读 ,就是要“读” ,读的过程便是了解和欣赏的过程。文学家苏轼有“三分诗 ,七分读”的说法。启发学生进行富有节奏和感情色彩的朗读课文 ,品味其情调 ,领略其精神 ,对于引导学生更好地进入文章的境界大有裨益…     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.