烟台市成年人身体形态特征分析

采取随机整群抽样的方法于 2 0 0 0年 6～ 8月对烟台芝罘区、福山区、牟平区的城乡男、女 12 5 5人 (男 6 11人 ,女 6 4 4人 )进行了 8项形态指标测试 ,测试对象的年龄为 2 0～ 4 5岁。对测试结果进行了城、乡比较 ,对不同年龄段人的身高、体重、胸围、腰围、臀围及各种指数的变化趋势进行了比较和分析。     

云南省成年人身体形态现状与规律的研究

通过对我省四个监测片的13个监测站5626名成年人身高、体重、(体重／身高)&;#215;1000(克托莱指数)测试结果的研究表明：我省成年人身高较稳定。男子18～25岁、女子26～30岁身高达峰值。男女身高均值为166．4cm与155．1cm，与’94中国职工男女身高均值我省成年人身高相比偏矮。男女身高均值在36～40岁即出现显著性降低，与’94中国职工比较提前了近9年。男女身高从峰值到成年末期分别减少2．66cm与2．76cm。成年人体重18～25岁最小，体重随年龄增长而增大。男子到41～45岁、女子46～50岁体重达峰值，男女分别增长4．07kg与7．57kg，其增幅与持续时间女子均较男子为大。体重达峰值后有随年龄增长逐渐减少的趋势。     

对江苏省成年人BMI指数的研究

BMI指数是反映身高与体重之间的关系,又与体脂含量密切相关,体现人体充实度的一项重要指标,国际上通常把它作为衡量人体胖瘦程度的标准之一.BMI指数的大小,不仅影响人体其它机能和素质指标的变化,而且直接关系到人的健康状况.本研究利用2∞0年江苏省国民体质监测所获得的成年人BMI指标数据,运用数理统计分析方法,着重探讨以下问题:1.江苏成年人BMI均值在不同年龄段、性别和城乡人群之间的变化规律,及其与97年数据的比较.2.依据国际公认的BMI指数评定标准,对江苏省成年人BMI指数进行分类评价,分析不同BMI等级人群在不同年龄、性别和职业人群间的分布规律.3.通过对江苏省成年人BMI指数与其它身体机能和素质指标的相关度分析,探讨BMI指数对体质的影响;通过对不同BMI等级人群患与肥胖相关疾病的情况统计,探讨BMI指数对健康的影响.通过以上分析得出结论,江苏成年人BMI指数均值男子高于女子,男女均随年龄增长呈逐步上升趋势,同97年相比,我省成年人BMI指数总体呈上升趋势;有一半以上成年人BMI均值超标,其中男性、中年以人上群以及某些特定职业人群超标现象较为严重;BMI指数同大部分身体机能和素质指标均有显著性相关,体重超标对这些相关功能产生了消极影响,同时人体过于超重或肥胖使成年人患心脑血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病和内分泌系统疾病的风险大为增加.因此成年人有必要采取相应措施防止体重的过度增长,以改善自身的健康状况.     

新疆锡伯族与全国成年人身体形态指标比较分析

通过抽样调查、测试和分析新疆1 500名锡伯族成年人城乡男、女身体形态7项指标,揭示了新疆锡伯族成年人身体形态的变化规律、发展趋势,与全国指标差异及其原因等,为研究锡伯族成年人体质变化规律和制定各项体质评定标准提供科学依据。结果显示,锡伯族成年人男、女身高、体重均高于全国均值,且已经有了明显的肥胖趋势。     

石家庄市成年人体重指数与体脂含量的调查分析

目的：调查石家庄市成年人超重及肥胖的发生率,分析其体重指数与体脂百分比的关系及对两种方法判定肥胖的比较。方法：测试95例成年人的身高、体重,计算体重指数,并用皮褶厚度法计算其体脂百分比。结果：以BMI为标准判定,女性肥胖的检出率为13.3%,男性肥胖的检出率为54.3%;以体脂百分比为标准判定,女性肥胖的检出率为40.1%,男性肥胖的检出率为65.7%。结论：用体重指数和体脂百分比作为不同的诊断方法,肥胖检出率后者明显高于前者,在判定超重与肥胖应将两者结合起来。     

人体测量学

G804.49 20010984云南省成年人身体形态现状与规律的研究〔刊,中,I〕/刘卫东,范云生//贵州体育科技.-2000(2)-13-17表3(SML)体质//测试//成年//身体形态//身高//体重//指标//云南通过对我省四个监测片的13个监测站5626名成年人身高、体重、(体重/身高)×1000(克托莱指数)测试结果的研究表明:我省成年人身高较稳定。男子18～25岁、女子26～30岁身高达峰值。男女身高均值在36～40岁即出现显著性降低,与’94中国职工比较提前了近9年。男女身高峰值到     

福建省与全国成年人体质现状比较研究

采用比较研究方法对福建省与全国成年人体质现状进行比较,结果表明,1. 福建省各年龄段成年人的身高与全国水平基本相近,体重均值明显低于全国均值。2. 肺活量除个别年龄段外,大都与全国均值相近。台阶指数从总体上看高于全国均值。3. 身体素质的特点表现为,速度及灵敏性较好,腿部爆发力较强,但柔韧性较差。     

新疆塔吉克族城乡与全国成年人身体形态指标比较分析

通过对新疆1500名塔吉克族成年人城乡男、女身体形态7项指标的测试、分析,揭示新疆塔吉克族成年人的身体形态的变化规律、发展趋势。结果显示,塔吉克族成年人身高城市高于乡村,体重处于正常范围,总体体型呈瘦小精悍状态,城乡差异不大。     

对我校跟踪班学生身体素质的初步研究

受试者是从清华80与82两届学生中,随机抽取的13个班,男314人,女61人,从80年9月至87年6月,7年中共对皮褶厚度等进行了6次跟踪测试。对其研究目的得到了如下初步结果。一、身高、体重虽均随年龄增长而逐年增长,但增长值及增长速度逐年减少,总增长值很小。男生的身高、体重、肺活量、身体素质、去脂体重及指数均比女生高,而皮褶厚度、体脂％,体脂肪量及指数则明显低于女生。男生的皮褶厚度、     

欧亚乒乓球选手年龄、身高、体重及克托莱指数的比较研究

采用文献法、数理统计法对欧亚优秀男女乒乓球选手年龄、身高、体重和克托莱指数进行了比较分析。结果表明：亚洲比欧洲男女乒乓球运动员年龄均明显偏小。欧洲比亚洲男女乒乓球运动员身高、体重及克托莱指数均明显偏高。这是亚洲乒乓球选手最终以小、快、灵著称,而欧洲尤以凶狠及力量见长的渊源。建议亚洲选手应在发扬其小、快、灵技术打法的同时,加强其肌肉力量的训练,并注重对身高的选材。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.